Whangarei District Climate Change Constraints Report
... Climate change has long been perceived as a threat to the environment, but in recent years this threat perception has expanded to include social, cultural, security, and economic concerns. The theory underpinning anthropogenic climate change, put very simplistically, is that increased emissions of s ...
... Climate change has long been perceived as a threat to the environment, but in recent years this threat perception has expanded to include social, cultural, security, and economic concerns. The theory underpinning anthropogenic climate change, put very simplistically, is that increased emissions of s ...
Environmental federalism - Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service
... In contrast to normative analysis, the positive analysis of federalism focuses on why given distributions of authority developed as they did—that is, how the interaction of economic and political forces results in the organization of authority that we observe. Setting aside for now the possible soci ...
... In contrast to normative analysis, the positive analysis of federalism focuses on why given distributions of authority developed as they did—that is, how the interaction of economic and political forces results in the organization of authority that we observe. Setting aside for now the possible soci ...
Shifting thresholds Climate Climate Change Effects on the
... the specific changes, shrub encroachment becomes less likely and in many cases less severe. Thus, managers of semi-arid rangelands should shift their focus from woody vegetation towards perennial grass species as indicators for rangeland degradation. Furthermore, the resulting reduced competition fro ...
... the specific changes, shrub encroachment becomes less likely and in many cases less severe. Thus, managers of semi-arid rangelands should shift their focus from woody vegetation towards perennial grass species as indicators for rangeland degradation. Furthermore, the resulting reduced competition fro ...
divest riverside! - Riverside Church
... agreed that the world's temperature increase should go no further than 2ºC (3.6ºF) above pre-industrial levels, to avoid the worst of the changes. Yet the warming is continuing. 2014 was officially the warmest year on record, with 2015 on track to surpass it. Because GHG emissions are produced by bu ...
... agreed that the world's temperature increase should go no further than 2ºC (3.6ºF) above pre-industrial levels, to avoid the worst of the changes. Yet the warming is continuing. 2014 was officially the warmest year on record, with 2015 on track to surpass it. Because GHG emissions are produced by bu ...
Climate Change in the South Caucasus
... In Greek mythology the Caucasus is known as the place where Prometheus was chained to the mountain as punishment for stealing fire from Zeus and giving it to mortals. His liver is eaten by an eagle during the day, only to regenerate at night, until he is freed by Heracles who kills the eagle. In t ...
... In Greek mythology the Caucasus is known as the place where Prometheus was chained to the mountain as punishment for stealing fire from Zeus and giving it to mortals. His liver is eaten by an eagle during the day, only to regenerate at night, until he is freed by Heracles who kills the eagle. In t ...
Africa and Climate: Report
... weakest link, and only after appropriate integration with other pertinent non-climate factors. The prime focus is on activities that may provide policy benefits over a few years. As stressed earlier, whether these proposals directly address climate variability or climate change is immaterial – they ...
... weakest link, and only after appropriate integration with other pertinent non-climate factors. The prime focus is on activities that may provide policy benefits over a few years. As stressed earlier, whether these proposals directly address climate variability or climate change is immaterial – they ...
Farmer Resiliency in a Changing Climate
... sacred and emotional. Since the Industrial Revolution, when food production began to transition to factory farms and industrial plants, humans have begun to lose their connection with the land and the food it provides. Food is becoming less and less sacred. Many people no longer know where their foo ...
... sacred and emotional. Since the Industrial Revolution, when food production began to transition to factory farms and industrial plants, humans have begun to lose their connection with the land and the food it provides. Food is becoming less and less sacred. Many people no longer know where their foo ...
Chapter 4: Traditional Ricardian Method and
... can scan over the entire landscape. However, satellite measures are limited to what they can measure. For example, satellites can measure surface temperature but they cannot directly measure precipitation. Satellites can measure soil wetness, however, which is highly correlated with precipitation. I ...
... can scan over the entire landscape. However, satellite measures are limited to what they can measure. For example, satellites can measure surface temperature but they cannot directly measure precipitation. Satellites can measure soil wetness, however, which is highly correlated with precipitation. I ...
Donner Webbe Kiribati KAP 2013
... adaptation to climate change. At recent meetings of the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the developed world agreed to rapidly increase international assistance to help the developing world respond to the impacts of climate change. In this paper, we examine the d ...
... adaptation to climate change. At recent meetings of the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the developed world agreed to rapidly increase international assistance to help the developing world respond to the impacts of climate change. In this paper, we examine the d ...
Climate Change in Northern New Hampshire
... significantly improved the report and Laurel Lloyd for copy-editing the report. ...
... significantly improved the report and Laurel Lloyd for copy-editing the report. ...
Northern New Hampshire
... significantly improved the report and Laurel Lloyd for copy-editing the report. ...
... significantly improved the report and Laurel Lloyd for copy-editing the report. ...
The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect
... According to a simple calculation, sea water would absorb 5/6ths of any additional gas. (That is roughly true over a long run of many thousand years, but Högbom and Arrhenius did not realize that if the gas were emitted more rapidly than they expected, the ocean absorption could lag behind.) Anyway ...
... According to a simple calculation, sea water would absorb 5/6ths of any additional gas. (That is roughly true over a long run of many thousand years, but Högbom and Arrhenius did not realize that if the gas were emitted more rapidly than they expected, the ocean absorption could lag behind.) Anyway ...
dispersal, adaptation and the response of spatially structured
... can lead to greater evolutionary potential by promoting the pool of genetic variation within a population [7,20]. In addition, dispersal into new populations can both aid the purging of maladaptive alleles (if these are selected against in new environments) and increase the rate at which any benefic ...
... can lead to greater evolutionary potential by promoting the pool of genetic variation within a population [7,20]. In addition, dispersal into new populations can both aid the purging of maladaptive alleles (if these are selected against in new environments) and increase the rate at which any benefic ...
Background paper Africa WS
... from humid equatorial systems, through seasonally-arid tropical, to sub-tropical Mediterraneantype climates. These systems are also varying because all these climates exhibit differing degrees of temporal variability, particularly with regard to rainfall. The scientific understanding of these system ...
... from humid equatorial systems, through seasonally-arid tropical, to sub-tropical Mediterraneantype climates. These systems are also varying because all these climates exhibit differing degrees of temporal variability, particularly with regard to rainfall. The scientific understanding of these system ...
Maintaining Stability
... by as much as 90 percent between 2000 and 2030 if no additional climate change mitigation policies are implemented. As a result, under “business as usual” scenarios, global temperatures could increase by as much as 1.7°C by 2050 and by up to 4.0°C by 2100. Actual emissions during recent years, howev ...
... by as much as 90 percent between 2000 and 2030 if no additional climate change mitigation policies are implemented. As a result, under “business as usual” scenarios, global temperatures could increase by as much as 1.7°C by 2050 and by up to 4.0°C by 2100. Actual emissions during recent years, howev ...
ICPDR Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change
... the centre of the expected changes. Due to the fact that water is ...
... the centre of the expected changes. Due to the fact that water is ...
Carbon Market Crossroads
... but that treaty may not enter into force until 2020. While such an agreement is essential, the international community must ramp up climate action now—not at the end of the decade. Stimulating much stronger climate action would require creating real political will—a sense of purpose that simply does ...
... but that treaty may not enter into force until 2020. While such an agreement is essential, the international community must ramp up climate action now—not at the end of the decade. Stimulating much stronger climate action would require creating real political will—a sense of purpose that simply does ...
Day 18
... Now that the Northwest Passage – the long-coveted sea route from the Atlantic to the Pacific via the Arctic Ocean – may soon be ice-free, northern nations are anxious to confirm its sovereignty over Arctic waters at an international conference held in Greenland recently, and Prime Minister Stephen H ...
... Now that the Northwest Passage – the long-coveted sea route from the Atlantic to the Pacific via the Arctic Ocean – may soon be ice-free, northern nations are anxious to confirm its sovereignty over Arctic waters at an international conference held in Greenland recently, and Prime Minister Stephen H ...
Australian Government response - Coastal Collaboration Cluster
... Australia is on track to meet its Kyoto Protocol target of limiting greenhouse gas emissions to 108 per cent of 1990 levels over the period 2008-2012. The Government has also committed to reduce Australia‟s carbon pollution to 25 per cent below our 2000 baseline by 2020 if the world agrees to an amb ...
... Australia is on track to meet its Kyoto Protocol target of limiting greenhouse gas emissions to 108 per cent of 1990 levels over the period 2008-2012. The Government has also committed to reduce Australia‟s carbon pollution to 25 per cent below our 2000 baseline by 2020 if the world agrees to an amb ...
View/Open
... could suggest that it would be appropriate to estimate the parameters of our regression equations with a fixed effect model (FE). However, agricultural production is strongly related to the local climatic conditions, and the climatic variations have been small during our sample period. Temperature a ...
... could suggest that it would be appropriate to estimate the parameters of our regression equations with a fixed effect model (FE). However, agricultural production is strongly related to the local climatic conditions, and the climatic variations have been small during our sample period. Temperature a ...
Polisdigitocracy
... governments to re-think how they engage with citizens and incorporate their voices into decision making - particularly around climate action. CAM 3.0 shows that more cities are allocating specific staff to plan and manage climate action as it relates to the Information and Communications Technology ...
... governments to re-think how they engage with citizens and incorporate their voices into decision making - particularly around climate action. CAM 3.0 shows that more cities are allocating specific staff to plan and manage climate action as it relates to the Information and Communications Technology ...
Climate Change and Public Health: MALARIA
... for how the climate wih change in specific regions, as it whl vary greatly from place to place. The general public often takes this as a sign of weak science, and as an excuse to dismiss the urgency, as they want to know exactly when and exactly how they whl be affected. People are reluctant to chan ...
... for how the climate wih change in specific regions, as it whl vary greatly from place to place. The general public often takes this as a sign of weak science, and as an excuse to dismiss the urgency, as they want to know exactly when and exactly how they whl be affected. People are reluctant to chan ...
The Economic Impacts of Climate Change
... percent. This estimate is robust to numerous specification checks and relatively precise, so large negative or positive effects are unlikely. We also find the hedonic approach—which is the standard in the previous literature—to be unreliable because it produces estimates that are extremely sensitive ...
... percent. This estimate is robust to numerous specification checks and relatively precise, so large negative or positive effects are unlikely. We also find the hedonic approach—which is the standard in the previous literature—to be unreliable because it produces estimates that are extremely sensitive ...
Ecological and methodological drivers of species` distribution and
... of climate change (km per decade) for distribution and seasonal shift (days per decade) for phenology. The climate predictors measure the expected rate of response if species are tracking thermal niches in space and time (Loarie et al., 2009; Burrows et al., 2011). The indices were calculated for ea ...
... of climate change (km per decade) for distribution and seasonal shift (days per decade) for phenology. The climate predictors measure the expected rate of response if species are tracking thermal niches in space and time (Loarie et al., 2009; Burrows et al., 2011). The indices were calculated for ea ...
Climate, biodiversity, and forests : issues and opportunities
... At the first level, climate change is a major threat to efforts to conserve biodiversity. Some species already on the verge of extinction could be pushed over the edge as their habitats disappear because of climatic changes. More drought and floods that may be influenced by climate change will also ...
... At the first level, climate change is a major threat to efforts to conserve biodiversity. Some species already on the verge of extinction could be pushed over the edge as their habitats disappear because of climatic changes. More drought and floods that may be influenced by climate change will also ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.