The Economic Impacts of Climate Change
... percent. This estimate is robust to numerous specification checks and relatively precise, so large negative or positive effects are unlikely. We also find the hedonic approach—which is the standard in the previous literature—to be unreliable because it produces estimates that are extremely sensitive ...
... percent. This estimate is robust to numerous specification checks and relatively precise, so large negative or positive effects are unlikely. We also find the hedonic approach—which is the standard in the previous literature—to be unreliable because it produces estimates that are extremely sensitive ...
Sep 6, 2014 - Science and Environmental Policy Project
... dud. The leaders of both China and India have sent their regrets. The countries are the number 1 and number 3 world emitters CO2, accounting to about one-third of global emissions. One can speculate that perhaps the leaders realize that CO2 is vital plant food. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi ha ...
... dud. The leaders of both China and India have sent their regrets. The countries are the number 1 and number 3 world emitters CO2, accounting to about one-third of global emissions. One can speculate that perhaps the leaders realize that CO2 is vital plant food. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi ha ...
I G S M
... terrestrial ecosystems. The framework of this Integrated Global System Model is described and the results of sample runs and a sensitivity analysis are presented. This multi-component model addresses most of the major anthropogenic and natural processes involved in climate change and also is computa ...
... terrestrial ecosystems. The framework of this Integrated Global System Model is described and the results of sample runs and a sensitivity analysis are presented. This multi-component model addresses most of the major anthropogenic and natural processes involved in climate change and also is computa ...
Climate Change in the African Small Island Developing States: From
... The African Small Island Developing States (SIDS) comprise Cabo Verde, the Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritius, Sao Tome and Principe, and Seychelles. In its Fifth Assessment Report, published in 2014, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change underscored that small island States will continue to ...
... The African Small Island Developing States (SIDS) comprise Cabo Verde, the Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritius, Sao Tome and Principe, and Seychelles. In its Fifth Assessment Report, published in 2014, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change underscored that small island States will continue to ...
One Million Climate Jobs - Campaign against Climate Change
... Unemployment and Costs This chapter explains what’s gone wrong with the economy, how a million climate jobs can help fix it, and why we can afford the jobs. The UK government regularly does sample surveys asking people questions about employment. These surveys revealed that in March 2014: • 2.2 mil ...
... Unemployment and Costs This chapter explains what’s gone wrong with the economy, how a million climate jobs can help fix it, and why we can afford the jobs. The UK government regularly does sample surveys asking people questions about employment. These surveys revealed that in March 2014: • 2.2 mil ...
Is atmospheric carbon dioxide removal a game changer for climate
... Direct carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the atmosphere–ocean system can be achieved with the application of several technologies. First, there are land-based removal methods such as afforestation, land use management, and biomass combustion to produce electricity or fuel coupled with sequestering t ...
... Direct carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the atmosphere–ocean system can be achieved with the application of several technologies. First, there are land-based removal methods such as afforestation, land use management, and biomass combustion to produce electricity or fuel coupled with sequestering t ...
Climate Change Report for Gulf of the Farallones and
... organisms to migrate will depend on available upland habitat. If these communities are adjacent to steep coastal bluffs it is unclear if they will be able to colonize this habitat. Further, increased erosion and sedimentation may impede their ability to move. Waves: Greater wave activity (see 3.3.2 ...
... organisms to migrate will depend on available upland habitat. If these communities are adjacent to steep coastal bluffs it is unclear if they will be able to colonize this habitat. Further, increased erosion and sedimentation may impede their ability to move. Waves: Greater wave activity (see 3.3.2 ...
Dia 1
... economic, societal and environmental impacts of their options before making a decision and, where possible to reduce their carbon footprint, or offset emissions that cannot be reduced directly. Tourists should also be encouraged to opt for environmentally-friendly activities that reduce their carb ...
... economic, societal and environmental impacts of their options before making a decision and, where possible to reduce their carbon footprint, or offset emissions that cannot be reduced directly. Tourists should also be encouraged to opt for environmentally-friendly activities that reduce their carb ...
On forced temperature changes, internal variability
... forcing scaling assumption. These are the standard settings for the EBM experiments. Our main findings, however, are robust with respect to a range of values for these parameters. Additional experiments investigating the sensitivity of the results to the particular forcing estimates used and aerosol ...
... forcing scaling assumption. These are the standard settings for the EBM experiments. Our main findings, however, are robust with respect to a range of values for these parameters. Additional experiments investigating the sensitivity of the results to the particular forcing estimates used and aerosol ...
Who`s holding us back?
... When it comes to lobbying on climate change many sectors in the US have more than trebled their numbers of lobbyists between 2003 and 2008.26 ...
... When it comes to lobbying on climate change many sectors in the US have more than trebled their numbers of lobbyists between 2003 and 2008.26 ...
Stabilization of atmospheric carbon dioxide via zero emissions—An
... of this figure, i.e., that sea level rises even after stabilization. Since the concept of “stabilization” in AR4 remains the same as that in TAR, it emphasizes sea level rise due to melting of the Greenland ice sheet as well as that due to thermal expansion of seawater as a long-term danger under the ...
... of this figure, i.e., that sea level rises even after stabilization. Since the concept of “stabilization” in AR4 remains the same as that in TAR, it emphasizes sea level rise due to melting of the Greenland ice sheet as well as that due to thermal expansion of seawater as a long-term danger under the ...
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... Sustainable management of the natural resource base of agriculture, forestry and fisheries is the only way to deal with this challenge. Many parts of the world already struggle with grave deterioration of their food production systems and the number of people suffering from chronic hunger has now ex ...
... Sustainable management of the natural resource base of agriculture, forestry and fisheries is the only way to deal with this challenge. Many parts of the world already struggle with grave deterioration of their food production systems and the number of people suffering from chronic hunger has now ex ...
The tipping point trend in climate change communication
... One difficulty in assessing the appropriateness of tipping point warnings is the frequent slippage from physical to biological to social referents, a potential conflation introduced by Gladwell’s (2000) interpretation of epidemiological perspectives. Is the notion appropriate as a description of the w ...
... One difficulty in assessing the appropriateness of tipping point warnings is the frequent slippage from physical to biological to social referents, a potential conflation introduced by Gladwell’s (2000) interpretation of epidemiological perspectives. Is the notion appropriate as a description of the w ...
Climate Change and Agricultural Policy Processes in
... Ghana intended to pursue.4 There are two, not incompatible, viewpoints as to the motivation for the assimilation of climate change as an issue of interest in Ghana’s domestic policy space: First, various government documents and a number of respondents for this study stated that, while climate chang ...
... Ghana intended to pursue.4 There are two, not incompatible, viewpoints as to the motivation for the assimilation of climate change as an issue of interest in Ghana’s domestic policy space: First, various government documents and a number of respondents for this study stated that, while climate chang ...
Economic Growth and Climate Change: A Cross
... reported 95%–100% confidence that most of the global warming in the last six decades has been caused by humans and that there is evidence of increased frequency and severity of extreme weather due to climate change [2]. The principal cause of climate change is emissions of greenhouse gases, especial ...
... reported 95%–100% confidence that most of the global warming in the last six decades has been caused by humans and that there is evidence of increased frequency and severity of extreme weather due to climate change [2]. The principal cause of climate change is emissions of greenhouse gases, especial ...
The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change
... words, the sunflower will increase in biomass over time as it generates new organic carbon. But where is this organic carbon coming from? The simple answer is that the carbon in sunflower biomass originates as inorganic carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere. The biochemical reactions of photosynthesi ...
... words, the sunflower will increase in biomass over time as it generates new organic carbon. But where is this organic carbon coming from? The simple answer is that the carbon in sunflower biomass originates as inorganic carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere. The biochemical reactions of photosynthesi ...
Working Paper No.7 - Climate Learning and Knowledge
... the National Agricultural Research policy had not yet been aligned with the national climate change strategic directions as it makes reference only to broad natural resource management without specifi ...
... the National Agricultural Research policy had not yet been aligned with the national climate change strategic directions as it makes reference only to broad natural resource management without specifi ...
Projecting climate change impacts on species distributions in
... Abstract Increasing evidence shows that anthropogenic climate change is affecting biodiversity. Reducing or stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions may slow global warming, but past emissions will continue to contribute to further unavoidable warming for more than a century. With obvious signs of diffi ...
... Abstract Increasing evidence shows that anthropogenic climate change is affecting biodiversity. Reducing or stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions may slow global warming, but past emissions will continue to contribute to further unavoidable warming for more than a century. With obvious signs of diffi ...
UN report: The coming financial climate
... business and the economy. Finance is a keystone in meeting these challenges and opportunities. The financial system exists to support our choices to save, consume and invest. When it works efficiently and effectively, it deploys finance in ways that creates dynamic, inclusive and sustainable economi ...
... business and the economy. Finance is a keystone in meeting these challenges and opportunities. The financial system exists to support our choices to save, consume and invest. When it works efficiently and effectively, it deploys finance in ways that creates dynamic, inclusive and sustainable economi ...
Adaptation to Climate Change in the Houston
... warming. Figure 2 provides a summary of the impacts of increasing temperatures. As we can see, the damaging impacts of climate change are only in their beginning stages. We recognize that this is an intense political issue for many individuals, groups, and communities. The debate surrounding climate ...
... warming. Figure 2 provides a summary of the impacts of increasing temperatures. As we can see, the damaging impacts of climate change are only in their beginning stages. We recognize that this is an intense political issue for many individuals, groups, and communities. The debate surrounding climate ...
Projecting climate change impacts on species distributions in
... Abstract Increasing evidence shows that anthropogenic climate change is affecting biodiversity. Reducing or stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions may slow global warming, but past emissions will continue to contribute to further unavoidable warming for more than a century. With obvious signs of diffi ...
... Abstract Increasing evidence shows that anthropogenic climate change is affecting biodiversity. Reducing or stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions may slow global warming, but past emissions will continue to contribute to further unavoidable warming for more than a century. With obvious signs of diffi ...
MNP Report 500116002/2007 Local air pollution and global climate
... affected his modelling results, just as those of others who had, meanwhile, undertaken similar research (see, for example, Fankhauser, 1995; Manne and Richels, 1995; Tol, 1999; Rabl et al., 2005). The reason was a very incomplete scientific understanding of these costs, resulting in correspondingly ...
... affected his modelling results, just as those of others who had, meanwhile, undertaken similar research (see, for example, Fankhauser, 1995; Manne and Richels, 1995; Tol, 1999; Rabl et al., 2005). The reason was a very incomplete scientific understanding of these costs, resulting in correspondingly ...
the impacts of global climate change on grassland ecosystems
... Another weakness of GCMs is their inability to reproduce the climate variability on the timescales experienced by vegetation. Various methods exist for generating daily climatological data using stochastic weather generators. Several studies, using these techniques, have shown that the impact of cha ...
... Another weakness of GCMs is their inability to reproduce the climate variability on the timescales experienced by vegetation. Various methods exist for generating daily climatological data using stochastic weather generators. Several studies, using these techniques, have shown that the impact of cha ...
Adaptation to Climate Change in Low‐Income Countries
... Castleman for his thoughtful comments on an earlier version of this paper, and we thank Xin Qin, Aaron Elrod, and especially Jonathan Rothbaum for their excellent research assistance. ...
... Castleman for his thoughtful comments on an earlier version of this paper, and we thank Xin Qin, Aaron Elrod, and especially Jonathan Rothbaum for their excellent research assistance. ...
af`fidavit marc lee i - Office national de l`énergie
... 1. I am an economist. I have been retained by the Applicants in this proceeding. I have been asked to provide an affidavit addressing potential economic risk related to ...
... 1. I am an economist. I have been retained by the Applicants in this proceeding. I have been asked to provide an affidavit addressing potential economic risk related to ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.