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Mankiw 5/e Chapter 11: Aggregate Demand II
Mankiw 5/e Chapter 11: Aggregate Demand II

... What is the Fed’s policy instrument? Why does the Fed target interest rates instead of the money supply? 1) They are easier to measure than the money supply 2) The Fed might believe that LM shocks are more prevalent than IS shocks. If so, then targeting the interest rate stabilizes income better th ...
Read the Full Report
Read the Full Report

... of Canada. As housing prices have shot upwards, however, the Bank’s policy target – the rate of inflation, as determined by year-over-year growth in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) – has shown only moderate increases. There are many reasons why the growth in measured inflation has been relatively sub ...
A Dynamic Model of Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
A Dynamic Model of Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply

PDF Download
PDF Download

... Economic theory has long recognized the interdependence of national economies. Models such as the Mundell-Fleming framework or microfounded New Keynesian approaches describe the effects that shocks to one economy may have on its trading partners (Kamin, 2010). These models, however, have often been ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MONETARY-FISCAL POLICY INTERACTIONS BEYOND
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MONETARY-FISCAL POLICY INTERACTIONS BEYOND

... or lower the expected present value of surpluses plus seigniorage. This intertemporal link between tax rates and the government’s budget represents a new type of Laffer curve that, under the fiscal theory, is central to determining the impacts of fiscal changes on the economy. Microeconomic public fi ...
22-66 What Happens When Potential Output Changes?
22-66 What Happens When Potential Output Changes?

Chapter 24 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
Chapter 24 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply

... budget deficit will have to be financed by borrowing. This will raise interest rates reducing consumer spending and business investment spending (crowding out). Keynesians will argue that consumption and business investment spending are not as interest rate sensitive as the monetarists claim. If mon ...
Monetary Institutions, Partisanship, and Inflation Targeting Bumba
Monetary Institutions, Partisanship, and Inflation Targeting Bumba

... calculus based on the existing institutional structure of the central bank and the government’s own consideration of the trade-off between inflation and alternative economic goals. An important observable implication of the model is that countries are more likely to adopt inflation targeting when t ...
Chapter 9
Chapter 9

Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply

Integration of Real and Monetary Sectors with Labor Market – SD
Integration of Real and Monetary Sectors with Labor Market – SD

  GENERAL ECONOMICS –II
  GENERAL ECONOMICS –II

... or wastage. In the past gold was popular as a money material. Gold could be kept safely without deterioration. Of course, there are other assets like houses, factories, bonds, shares, etc., in which wealth can be stored. But money performs as a different thing to store the value. Money being the mos ...
Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply

... Government Net Exports ...
krugmanobstfeldch16.pp
krugmanobstfeldch16.pp

Document
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Chapter Ten - lhu.edu.tw
Chapter Ten - lhu.edu.tw

Chapter 9
Chapter 9

Monetary Conditions in the Euro Area
Monetary Conditions in the Euro Area

... impulse to the real sphere has run its course in stimulating aggregate demand. This paper takes a closer look at the leading indicator qualities of monetary conditions. For this purpose the relationship of two widely used monetary conditions indicators to the output gap as a proxy for aggregate dema ...
Inflation - American University
Inflation - American University

Chapter 9
Chapter 9

Chapter 9 Chapter Outline Figure 9.1 The FE line
Chapter 9 Chapter Outline Figure 9.1 The FE line

... – Keynesian economists see slow adjustment of the price level ...
CH 9 PDF
CH 9 PDF

... • Consider two different levels of output – At the higher level of output, the saving curve is shifted to the right compared to the situation at the lower level of output – Since the investment curve is downward sloping, equilibrium at the higher level of output has a lower real interest rate – Thus ...
Chapter 9
Chapter 9

Chapter 16 Output and the Exchange Rate in the Short Run
Chapter 16 Output and the Exchange Rate in the Short Run

... expected exchange rate. – If the economy starts at long-run equilibrium, a permanent change in fiscal policy has no effect on output. – It causes an immediate and permanent exchange rate jump that offsets exactly the fiscal policy’s direct effect on aggregate demand. ...
Measuring Systematic Monetary Policy
Measuring Systematic Monetary Policy

... macroeconomic aggregates (Nelson and Plosser, 1982) convinced many macroeconomists that monetary shocks could not account for business cycles. If money were neutral in the long-run it could not induce permanent changes in real variables. Yet real output was, in fact, dominated by a non-stationary co ...
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Money supply

In economics, the money supply or money stock, is the total amount of monetary assets available in an economy at a specific time. There are several ways to define ""money,"" but standard measures usually include currency in circulation and demand deposits (depositors' easily accessed assets on the books of financial institutions).Money supply data are recorded and published, usually by the government or the central bank of the country. Public and private sector analysts have long monitored changes in money supply because of its effects on the price level, inflation, the exchange rate and the business cycle.That relation between money and prices is historically associated with the quantity theory of money. There is strong empirical evidence of a direct relation between money-supply growth and long-term price inflation, at least for rapid increases in the amount of money in the economy. For example, a country such as Zimbabwe which saw extremely rapid increases in its money supply also saw extremely rapid increases in prices (hyperinflation). This is one reason for the reliance on monetary policy as a means of controlling inflation.The nature of this causal chain is the subject of contention. Some heterodox economists argue that the money supply is endogenous (determined by the workings of the economy, not by the central bank) and that the sources of inflation must be found in the distributional structure of the economy.In addition, those economists seeing the central bank's control over the money supply as feeble say that there are two weak links between the growth of the money supply and the inflation rate. First, in the aftermath of a recession, when many resources are underutilized, an increase in the money supply can cause a sustained increase in real production instead of inflation. Second, if the velocity of money (i.e., the ratio between nominal GDP and money supply) changes, an increase in the money supply could have either no effect, an exaggerated effect, or an unpredictable effect on the growth of nominal GDP.
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