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Download paper (PDF)
Download paper (PDF)

... information criterion. 7 This practice has been fairly standard in this literature since Sims (1992). An alternative proposed by Bernanke, Boivin, and Eliasz (2005) is to incorporate more information using a factor-augmented VAR (FAVAR). As shown in appendix A, our VAR results are robust to this alt ...
Has Forward Guidance Been Effective?
Has Forward Guidance Been Effective?

Volume 72 No. 2, June 2009 Contents
Volume 72 No. 2, June 2009 Contents

... Finally in this edition, we present an interview with Prasanna Gai, a Professor at the Australian National University and consultant to the Bank of England. Professor Gai visited the Reserve Bank early in 2009. In the interview, he talks with David Hargreaves about the current financial crisis and i ...
DemiDec Fundamental Economics Resource
DemiDec Fundamental Economics Resource

Comparative Study of Central Bank Quantitative
Comparative Study of Central Bank Quantitative

... population and deflation. Although the BOJ carried out asset purchase programs in response to the financial crisis, including the purchasing of corporate bonds, the economy was still struggling. Abenomics’ Quantitative and Qualitative easing program was introduced in 2013 to target deflation and in ...
Why Companies Should Prepare for Inflation
Why Companies Should Prepare for Inflation

The Relationship between Openness and Inflation in NIEs and the G7
The Relationship between Openness and Inflation in NIEs and the G7

... reasons, and have low inflation due to other factors (which may or may not be explained by the time consistency theory). If we include these data into a sample that does not have a regular relationship between openness and inflation, it is very likely for us to find a spurious “significant relations ...
Vo l u m e   6 6  ... C o n t e n t s
Vo l u m e 6 6 ... C o n t e n t s

... it remains higher than in some other developed economies, such as the United States and, to a lesser extent, Australia. The article discusses why this is so and what factors might influence the future direction of the neutral real rate in New Zealand. We change tack in our third article and look inw ...
Mohan Bijapur Are credit crunches supply or demand shocks?
Mohan Bijapur Are credit crunches supply or demand shocks?

... Blanchard and Quah (1989). Furthermore, a typical negative supply shock such as an oil shock would also generally have a positive impact on inflation, due to the resulting reduction in productive potential. We estimate whether credit shocks also display a similar inflationary response, thus providin ...
reserve requirements and optimal chinese stabilization policy
reserve requirements and optimal chinese stabilization policy

Nominal GDP Targeting and the Taylor Rule on
Nominal GDP Targeting and the Taylor Rule on

Practice Papers
Practice Papers

... An imposition of an import quota on garments will lead to an improvement in the average quality of imported garments. People who live in remote areas tend to buy better seats at concerts held in the town centre. An increase in unemployment allowance raises the unemployment rate. If an additional lum ...
Stock Market Response to Monetary and Fiscal Policy Shocks: Multi
Stock Market Response to Monetary and Fiscal Policy Shocks: Multi

Strategies for Controlling Inflation
Strategies for Controlling Inflation

The Federal Reserve`s Framework for Monetary Policy
The Federal Reserve`s Framework for Monetary Policy

Gambling with Other People`s Money
Gambling with Other People`s Money

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... alternatives (e.g. Kiguel and Liviatan, 1991). ...
Author`s Note, Crash Proof 2.0
Author`s Note, Crash Proof 2.0

... In the way of background, the balance of payments, the bookkeeping system for recording transactions between countries, is made up, among other items, of a trade account, which is the part of the current account that nets out imports and exports, and a capital account, which nets investment flows be ...
Chapter 27 Money and Inflation
Chapter 27 Money and Inflation

Evolving post-World War II UK economic
Evolving post-World War II UK economic

Henrike Michaelis und Sebastian Watzka: Are there Differences in
Henrike Michaelis und Sebastian Watzka: Are there Differences in

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES SETTING THE RECORD STRAIGHT ON
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES SETTING THE RECORD STRAIGHT ON

... Keynes and Friedman quotations given above makes clear. Friedman further contended that monetary policy could not determine real variables such as output or employment in the long run. Friedman’s stand on what monetary policy could do, and what it could not do, stood him apart from the predominant v ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research

... typically moved toward expansion shortly after the start of most recessions and appears to have contributed, on average, almost two percentage points to real gross domestic product (GDP) growth in the four quarters following the trough. Even if one accounts for the fact that tight monetary policy be ...
learning units 1 to 11 with section references to the chapters of
learning units 1 to 11 with section references to the chapters of

Differing views on monetary policy - Bank for International Settlements
Differing views on monetary policy - Bank for International Settlements

< 1 ... 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ... 223 >

Money supply

In economics, the money supply or money stock, is the total amount of monetary assets available in an economy at a specific time. There are several ways to define ""money,"" but standard measures usually include currency in circulation and demand deposits (depositors' easily accessed assets on the books of financial institutions).Money supply data are recorded and published, usually by the government or the central bank of the country. Public and private sector analysts have long monitored changes in money supply because of its effects on the price level, inflation, the exchange rate and the business cycle.That relation between money and prices is historically associated with the quantity theory of money. There is strong empirical evidence of a direct relation between money-supply growth and long-term price inflation, at least for rapid increases in the amount of money in the economy. For example, a country such as Zimbabwe which saw extremely rapid increases in its money supply also saw extremely rapid increases in prices (hyperinflation). This is one reason for the reliance on monetary policy as a means of controlling inflation.The nature of this causal chain is the subject of contention. Some heterodox economists argue that the money supply is endogenous (determined by the workings of the economy, not by the central bank) and that the sources of inflation must be found in the distributional structure of the economy.In addition, those economists seeing the central bank's control over the money supply as feeble say that there are two weak links between the growth of the money supply and the inflation rate. First, in the aftermath of a recession, when many resources are underutilized, an increase in the money supply can cause a sustained increase in real production instead of inflation. Second, if the velocity of money (i.e., the ratio between nominal GDP and money supply) changes, an increase in the money supply could have either no effect, an exaggerated effect, or an unpredictable effect on the growth of nominal GDP.
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