DISPERSAL OF LIVING ORGANISMS INTO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
... far outpaces that of aquaculture, largely due to the longer history of the former and its predominant importance to mankind. In such areas as nutrition, disease control, genetics, and husbandry, aquaculture has a lot of experience yet to be obtained and utilized. In nearly every instance where an ex ...
... far outpaces that of aquaculture, largely due to the longer history of the former and its predominant importance to mankind. In such areas as nutrition, disease control, genetics, and husbandry, aquaculture has a lot of experience yet to be obtained and utilized. In nearly every instance where an ex ...
Ten Commandments for Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Scientists Diez
... that over the past half century, context has changed in marine fisheries as well. They argue that there have been three important steps in the evolution of the theory of fishing. The first two focused on abundance of individual single-species stocks and the direct effects of exploitation on stock pr ...
... that over the past half century, context has changed in marine fisheries as well. They argue that there have been three important steps in the evolution of the theory of fishing. The first two focused on abundance of individual single-species stocks and the direct effects of exploitation on stock pr ...
Kamau_LUCID_WP36
... Rangelands carry over 25% of Kenya’s human population, support more than a half of the total livestock population and a large number of various species of wildlife (MEC, 1999; Brown, 1994). These wildlife species and the human population have co-existed without adverse effects on the range resources ...
... Rangelands carry over 25% of Kenya’s human population, support more than a half of the total livestock population and a large number of various species of wildlife (MEC, 1999; Brown, 1994). These wildlife species and the human population have co-existed without adverse effects on the range resources ...
PDF 1.1 MB - LUCID EAST AFRICA
... Rangelands carry over 25% of Kenya’s human population, support more than a half of the total livestock population and a large number of various species of wildlife (MEC, 1999; Brown, 1994). These wildlife species and the human population have co-existed without adverse effects on the range resources ...
... Rangelands carry over 25% of Kenya’s human population, support more than a half of the total livestock population and a large number of various species of wildlife (MEC, 1999; Brown, 1994). These wildlife species and the human population have co-existed without adverse effects on the range resources ...
MULTIPLE CONTROLS OF COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND
... within and among systems (e.g., Power 1992, Menge 2000), and their relative strength in determining community structure and dynamics is context dependent (e.g., Worm et al. 2002, Hughes et al. 2003, Burkepile and Hay 2006). For instance, the effects of grazing on primary producers can vary as a func ...
... within and among systems (e.g., Power 1992, Menge 2000), and their relative strength in determining community structure and dynamics is context dependent (e.g., Worm et al. 2002, Hughes et al. 2003, Burkepile and Hay 2006). For instance, the effects of grazing on primary producers can vary as a func ...
The Role of Biodiversity for the Functioning of Rocky Reef
... and facilitation were generally present but that their positive effects on biomass production were cancelled out by negative selection effects. These results suggest that algal species that are not highly productive are competitively superior, as would be expected if species experience trade-offs am ...
... and facilitation were generally present but that their positive effects on biomass production were cancelled out by negative selection effects. These results suggest that algal species that are not highly productive are competitively superior, as would be expected if species experience trade-offs am ...
A review of the indicators for ecosystem structure and functioning
... measure progress towards meeting objectives are initially set for state indicators. Achievement of these reference points, trajectories or directions will, by definition, mean that the operational objectives are being met. Once reference points, trajectories or directions have been set for state ind ...
... measure progress towards meeting objectives are initially set for state indicators. Achievement of these reference points, trajectories or directions will, by definition, mean that the operational objectives are being met. Once reference points, trajectories or directions have been set for state ind ...
stage structure - Rice University
... structure [5,13] and even entire ecosystems [15]. Although cannibalism does not necessarily require stage structure, it is more likely to occur when there is strong size disparity among co-occurring conspecifics [16]. Second, ontogenetic niche shifts can also involve interspecific interactions. Ther ...
... structure [5,13] and even entire ecosystems [15]. Although cannibalism does not necessarily require stage structure, it is more likely to occur when there is strong size disparity among co-occurring conspecifics [16]. Second, ontogenetic niche shifts can also involve interspecific interactions. Ther ...
PDF, 787 KB
... trends of many organism groups are still continuing despite European Union's target to halt biodiversity loss by 2010. Moreover, even though research has shown that the current measures are ineffective, it has proven difficult to introduce changes in the agrienvironment policies once they were e ...
... trends of many organism groups are still continuing despite European Union's target to halt biodiversity loss by 2010. Moreover, even though research has shown that the current measures are ineffective, it has proven difficult to introduce changes in the agrienvironment policies once they were e ...
Body-mass constraints on foraging behaviour determine population
... (Fig. 1). When consumers are small relative to their resources (small consumer–resource body-mass ratios) the reactive distance is high and the consumer movement is slow (Aljetlawi, Sparrevik & Leonardsson 2004). When consumers are large relative to their resources (high consumer–resource body-mass ...
... (Fig. 1). When consumers are small relative to their resources (small consumer–resource body-mass ratios) the reactive distance is high and the consumer movement is slow (Aljetlawi, Sparrevik & Leonardsson 2004). When consumers are large relative to their resources (high consumer–resource body-mass ...
Viola, D., E. Mordecai, A. Jaramillo, S. Sistla, L
... Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 ...
... Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 ...
Taking species abundance distributions beyond
... being compared are roughly of same size, so that an individual of one species is comparable to an individual of any of the others.’’ This assumption is likely violated in natural systems for several reasons. First, within and between communities, speciesÕ body-sizes typically vary by several orders ...
... being compared are roughly of same size, so that an individual of one species is comparable to an individual of any of the others.’’ This assumption is likely violated in natural systems for several reasons. First, within and between communities, speciesÕ body-sizes typically vary by several orders ...
Interactions among invaders: community and ecosystem effects of
... 2007; http://nas.er.usgs.gov/). In Wisconsin, Bellamya was first recorded in the 1950s (Teskey 1954). These snails prefer muddy or sandy substrates, where they feed predominantly on epiphytic benthic algae, especially diatoms (Jokinen 1982). While little is known about its ecological significance or ...
... 2007; http://nas.er.usgs.gov/). In Wisconsin, Bellamya was first recorded in the 1950s (Teskey 1954). These snails prefer muddy or sandy substrates, where they feed predominantly on epiphytic benthic algae, especially diatoms (Jokinen 1982). While little is known about its ecological significance or ...
Three selected ecological observations interpreted in
... (increasing exergy storage). In low light conditions, plants increased exergy storage by increasing leaf biomass and pigmentation, which also increased exergy capture (positive feedback). In high light conditions, since exergy capture is fully assured, allowing plants to keep structure and function ...
... (increasing exergy storage). In low light conditions, plants increased exergy storage by increasing leaf biomass and pigmentation, which also increased exergy capture (positive feedback). In high light conditions, since exergy capture is fully assured, allowing plants to keep structure and function ...
Linking community and ecosystem dynamics through spatial
... Most studies belonging to the two traditions of spatial ecology can be positioned along two axes: the spatial coupling mediums and the grain (temporal and spatial) considered (Fig. 2, Table 1). The first axis concerns the nature of the coupling agent. When two food webs are coupled through the movem ...
... Most studies belonging to the two traditions of spatial ecology can be positioned along two axes: the spatial coupling mediums and the grain (temporal and spatial) considered (Fig. 2, Table 1). The first axis concerns the nature of the coupling agent. When two food webs are coupled through the movem ...
Staddon et al 2010
... continuous habitat. These treatments are similar to a design previously used (Gilbert et al. 1998; Gonzalez et al. 1998) in the field. Microcosms were constructed of 30-mm thick, 240-mm square PVC base with four 70-mm-diameter subchambers in each corner (see Fig. S1). Each subchamber was 60-mm heigh ...
... continuous habitat. These treatments are similar to a design previously used (Gilbert et al. 1998; Gonzalez et al. 1998) in the field. Microcosms were constructed of 30-mm thick, 240-mm square PVC base with four 70-mm-diameter subchambers in each corner (see Fig. S1). Each subchamber was 60-mm heigh ...
Multiple effects of exotic largemouth bass
... species (Tonn and Magnuson 1982; Rahel 1984). These factors affect predatory performance and the efficiency of piscivorous species, and alter prey-predator interaction. For example, increasing habitat structural complexity with aquatic macrophytes, rocks, or coarse woody materials decreases predatory e ...
... species (Tonn and Magnuson 1982; Rahel 1984). These factors affect predatory performance and the efficiency of piscivorous species, and alter prey-predator interaction. For example, increasing habitat structural complexity with aquatic macrophytes, rocks, or coarse woody materials decreases predatory e ...
Traits underpinning desiccation resistance explain distribution
... 2006). Quantification of the variation in functional traits directly links organism performance to environmental conditions (Violle et al. 2007) and facilitates recognition of generalities in species responses to spatial or temporal variation therein (McGill et al. 2006). The functional approach has ...
... 2006). Quantification of the variation in functional traits directly links organism performance to environmental conditions (Violle et al. 2007) and facilitates recognition of generalities in species responses to spatial or temporal variation therein (McGill et al. 2006). The functional approach has ...
Breeding and Non-breeding Survival of Lesser Prairie
... This survey is still the primary population index for ducks that occur outside of the May survey area, and provides population indices for many goose populations in North America During May and July aerial waterfowl surveys observers record the number of ponds containing water along transects in ...
... This survey is still the primary population index for ducks that occur outside of the May survey area, and provides population indices for many goose populations in North America During May and July aerial waterfowl surveys observers record the number of ponds containing water along transects in ...
Download paper as a PDF
... directly. through death and drowning, or indirectly, through effects on prey of marine birds. Interactions are diverse, with outcomes that range from beneficial 10 deterimcnta! for birds. Outcomes for humans are similarly diverse, Three different ratios-Hom ratio (dietary overlap), Evans ratio (prey ...
... directly. through death and drowning, or indirectly, through effects on prey of marine birds. Interactions are diverse, with outcomes that range from beneficial 10 deterimcnta! for birds. Outcomes for humans are similarly diverse, Three different ratios-Hom ratio (dietary overlap), Evans ratio (prey ...
P M E S
... Overall, the largest source of mortality to sea turtles is bycatch during normal fishing operations.3,4 Most of the turtles harmed in this way are juveniles or sub-adults that are critical to the stability and recovery of marine turtle populations.5 Tens of thousands of leatherback and loggerhead t ...
... Overall, the largest source of mortality to sea turtles is bycatch during normal fishing operations.3,4 Most of the turtles harmed in this way are juveniles or sub-adults that are critical to the stability and recovery of marine turtle populations.5 Tens of thousands of leatherback and loggerhead t ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.