Task 4.2 Calculation of metrics - Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre
... Using two different CTMs (OSLO CTM2 run by CICERO and LMDz-INCA run by CNRS) the response of the chemical composition of the atmosphere to 4 different localised emissions of CO and NOx was simulated. The emissions scenarios were: 1. CO fossil fuel surface emissions increased over Western Europe, 2. ...
... Using two different CTMs (OSLO CTM2 run by CICERO and LMDz-INCA run by CNRS) the response of the chemical composition of the atmosphere to 4 different localised emissions of CO and NOx was simulated. The emissions scenarios were: 1. CO fossil fuel surface emissions increased over Western Europe, 2. ...
Climate change and European forests: What do we
... pixels, which are far too big to make a meaningful statement about the local climate relevant to single forest stands or local management decisions (Flint and Flint, 2012). Downscaling is necessary, but adds inherent uncertainty to the values obtained from such scaling exercises (Fowler et al., 2007 ...
... pixels, which are far too big to make a meaningful statement about the local climate relevant to single forest stands or local management decisions (Flint and Flint, 2012). Downscaling is necessary, but adds inherent uncertainty to the values obtained from such scaling exercises (Fowler et al., 2007 ...
Rapid response of silicate weathering rates to climate change in the
... glaciated areas. Bulk sediments from the three regions studied show a correlation between their 87Sr/86Sr and mineralogical content, such as micas and orthoclase (Fig. S-7). This suggests that the relative dissolution of primary minerals controls the 87Sr/86Sr of the bulk sediment, rather than sedim ...
... glaciated areas. Bulk sediments from the three regions studied show a correlation between their 87Sr/86Sr and mineralogical content, such as micas and orthoclase (Fig. S-7). This suggests that the relative dissolution of primary minerals controls the 87Sr/86Sr of the bulk sediment, rather than sedim ...
The Perils of Modelling How Migration Responds to Climate Change
... We live in an age of accelerating climate change. According to the National Climate Assessment report, the average U.S. temperature has increased by 1.3。F to 1.9。F since 1895.1 Global warming has accelerated in the most recent decade, with the highest average global temperature ever recorded being i ...
... We live in an age of accelerating climate change. According to the National Climate Assessment report, the average U.S. temperature has increased by 1.3。F to 1.9。F since 1895.1 Global warming has accelerated in the most recent decade, with the highest average global temperature ever recorded being i ...
Open file
... over very long path which is almost over the ocean. The observational time is chosen as summer period of the southern hemisphere and the receiving place will be solar illuminated for 24 hours for almost couple of months. In the first attempt during 2007-2008, Indian Centre for Space Physics (ICSP) s ...
... over very long path which is almost over the ocean. The observational time is chosen as summer period of the southern hemisphere and the receiving place will be solar illuminated for 24 hours for almost couple of months. In the first attempt during 2007-2008, Indian Centre for Space Physics (ICSP) s ...
Climate change and European forests: What do we know, what are
... pixels, which are far too big to make a meaningful statement about the local climate relevant to single forest stands or local management decisions (Flint and Flint, 2012). Downscaling is necessary, but adds inherent uncertainty to the values obtained from such scaling exercises (Fowler et al., 2007 ...
... pixels, which are far too big to make a meaningful statement about the local climate relevant to single forest stands or local management decisions (Flint and Flint, 2012). Downscaling is necessary, but adds inherent uncertainty to the values obtained from such scaling exercises (Fowler et al., 2007 ...
An independent and combined effect analysis of land use and
... Runoff behavior is characterized by two important regimes: the high flow period, that occurs in summer due to snow and ice melt; and the low flow period that occurs during the winter. The average precipitation of the basin is observed as 1435 mm/year. The upper Rhone is considered as seven-order tribu ...
... Runoff behavior is characterized by two important regimes: the high flow period, that occurs in summer due to snow and ice melt; and the low flow period that occurs during the winter. The average precipitation of the basin is observed as 1435 mm/year. The upper Rhone is considered as seven-order tribu ...
Integrating Climate Information and Adaptation in Project
... that could significantly impair, or potentials that could enhance the performance of the project or system. This step should also include learning from past project experience of weather and climate impacts, including challenges faced during responses and recovery to the impacts of climate-related e ...
... that could significantly impair, or potentials that could enhance the performance of the project or system. This step should also include learning from past project experience of weather and climate impacts, including challenges faced during responses and recovery to the impacts of climate-related e ...
Claiming and adjudicating on Mt Kilimanjaro`s
... human-induced global warming, but they had very different resources at their disposal to advance these beliefs. While Callendar’s claim was revealed only to the editor of the science journal Nature, Gore’s claims were visible to millions through his film An Inconvenient Truth. While the force of Cal ...
... human-induced global warming, but they had very different resources at their disposal to advance these beliefs. While Callendar’s claim was revealed only to the editor of the science journal Nature, Gore’s claims were visible to millions through his film An Inconvenient Truth. While the force of Cal ...
Understanding future patterns of increased precipitation intensity in
... by Watterson [1998]. Emori and Brown [2005] have also illustrated this effect such that for comparable vertical motion regimes, more intense precipitation is simulated in a future warmer climate. [10] The increases in water vapor and moisture convergence are reflected in increases in mean precipitat ...
... by Watterson [1998]. Emori and Brown [2005] have also illustrated this effect such that for comparable vertical motion regimes, more intense precipitation is simulated in a future warmer climate. [10] The increases in water vapor and moisture convergence are reflected in increases in mean precipitat ...
Climate: Observations, projections and impacts: South Korea
... Trish Hall, Met Office Lizzie Kendon, Met Office John Kennedy, Met Office Kirsty Lewis, Met Office Rachel McCarthy, Met Office Carol McSweeney, Met Office Colin Morice, Met Office David Parker, Met Office Matthew Perry, Met Office Peter Stott, Met Office Kate Willett, Met Office Myles Allen, Univers ...
... Trish Hall, Met Office Lizzie Kendon, Met Office John Kennedy, Met Office Kirsty Lewis, Met Office Rachel McCarthy, Met Office Carol McSweeney, Met Office Colin Morice, Met Office David Parker, Met Office Matthew Perry, Met Office Peter Stott, Met Office Kate Willett, Met Office Myles Allen, Univers ...
WORD - NIA :: ECSU - Elizabeth City State University
... We distinguished day and night CO2 fluxes to account for diurnal fluctuations. The sun does not set during this time of year in areas located 180km above the Arctic Circle, but during the period where the sun is at its lowest angle, calm cool periods are induced due to surface cooling. Based on ligh ...
... We distinguished day and night CO2 fluxes to account for diurnal fluctuations. The sun does not set during this time of year in areas located 180km above the Arctic Circle, but during the period where the sun is at its lowest angle, calm cool periods are induced due to surface cooling. Based on ligh ...
Managing Coastal Vulnerability under Climate Change
... volcanic aerosols, and solar variability playing important roles in year-to-year variations. Once these are accounted for, the various surface and satellite-based records agree remarkably, indicating a warming trend of 0.14C to 0.18C per decade for the period 1979--2010 (25). Surface ocean waters ...
... volcanic aerosols, and solar variability playing important roles in year-to-year variations. Once these are accounted for, the various surface and satellite-based records agree remarkably, indicating a warming trend of 0.14C to 0.18C per decade for the period 1979--2010 (25). Surface ocean waters ...
ExamView - Climate practice test
... Therefore, even people living in areas that are expected to be least affected need to be concerned and do their part to help. Many of the projected effects of climate change alter the entire planet. Effects that begin in the Arctic will cause widespread changes around the globe. That is what makes r ...
... Therefore, even people living in areas that are expected to be least affected need to be concerned and do their part to help. Many of the projected effects of climate change alter the entire planet. Effects that begin in the Arctic will cause widespread changes around the globe. That is what makes r ...
Synthesis Report “Climate Change: Global Risks, Challenges
... economy have developed and thrived. These indicators include global mean surface temperature, sealevel rise, global ocean temperature, Arctic sea ice extent, ocean acidification, and extreme climatic events. With unabated emissions, many trends in climate will likely accelerate, leading to an increa ...
... economy have developed and thrived. These indicators include global mean surface temperature, sealevel rise, global ocean temperature, Arctic sea ice extent, ocean acidification, and extreme climatic events. With unabated emissions, many trends in climate will likely accelerate, leading to an increa ...
Effects of climate change on agriculture - Deltaproof
... The expected climate changes related to the temperature and the increase in de CO2 concentration are having a positive effect on crop production in Europe. These effects differ per crop and per agricultural system. Arable farming in the Netherlands is rather vulnerable with regard to the expected in ...
... The expected climate changes related to the temperature and the increase in de CO2 concentration are having a positive effect on crop production in Europe. These effects differ per crop and per agricultural system. Arable farming in the Netherlands is rather vulnerable with regard to the expected in ...
Poverty and Climate Change
... Climate Change is Happening and Will Increasingly Affect the Poor Today, it is widely agreed by the scientific community that climate change is already a reality. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that human activities are altering our climate system and will continu ...
... Climate Change is Happening and Will Increasingly Affect the Poor Today, it is widely agreed by the scientific community that climate change is already a reality. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that human activities are altering our climate system and will continu ...
Small Island States
... 5 mm yr-1 (±2–9 mm yr-1 ) is two to four times greater than the rate experienced in the previous 100 years (IPCC, 1998). Many of these islands rarely exceed 3–4 m above present mean sea level; even on the higher islands, most of the settlements, economic activity, infrastructure, and services are lo ...
... 5 mm yr-1 (±2–9 mm yr-1 ) is two to four times greater than the rate experienced in the previous 100 years (IPCC, 1998). Many of these islands rarely exceed 3–4 m above present mean sea level; even on the higher islands, most of the settlements, economic activity, infrastructure, and services are lo ...
Primary impacts of climate change on the cryosphere
... European glacier changes since the Little Ice Age have been driven mainly by increased summer air temperatures but variations in winter precipitation also played a role. Both factors are influenced by atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns. Further factors for the observed glacier melting in m ...
... European glacier changes since the Little Ice Age have been driven mainly by increased summer air temperatures but variations in winter precipitation also played a role. Both factors are influenced by atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns. Further factors for the observed glacier melting in m ...
PDF
... price variations. Hence, we observed that the production of wheat and maize, which can be considered staple foods, follows the pattern of changes in yields, whereas soybean and rapeseed production varies significantly with the global price level. On the other hand, we also observed that extreme chan ...
... price variations. Hence, we observed that the production of wheat and maize, which can be considered staple foods, follows the pattern of changes in yields, whereas soybean and rapeseed production varies significantly with the global price level. On the other hand, we also observed that extreme chan ...
Climate-driven expansion of blanket bogs in Britain during the
... of blanket bog. We compiled data on the timing of blanketbog initiation, based on 228 age determinations at sites where peat directly overlies mineral soil. The model predicts that large areas of northern Britain would have had blanket bog by 6000 yr BP, and the area suitable for peat growth extende ...
... of blanket bog. We compiled data on the timing of blanketbog initiation, based on 228 age determinations at sites where peat directly overlies mineral soil. The model predicts that large areas of northern Britain would have had blanket bog by 6000 yr BP, and the area suitable for peat growth extende ...
The Changing Earth-Life System—Critical Information for
... nized the necessity of studying the complete diversity of these past Earth system states in detail (Parrish et al., 2011), but progress has been slow for a variety of reasons, including the difficulty of accurately positioning the numerous, high-resolution environmental records in time. Despite the ...
... nized the necessity of studying the complete diversity of these past Earth system states in detail (Parrish et al., 2011), but progress has been slow for a variety of reasons, including the difficulty of accurately positioning the numerous, high-resolution environmental records in time. Despite the ...
Research Project Final Report
... The rising temperature has affected the phenology of many zooplankton taxa who’s seasonal peak has moved forward (Edwards & Richardson, 2004). The changes in phenology have varied between different species, functional groups and trophic levels, leading to a potential poor temporal synchrony between ...
... The rising temperature has affected the phenology of many zooplankton taxa who’s seasonal peak has moved forward (Edwards & Richardson, 2004). The changes in phenology have varied between different species, functional groups and trophic levels, leading to a potential poor temporal synchrony between ...
Print - Climate Change Knowledge Portal
... associated landslides. Togo has increased its vulnerability to landslides in the past decades as more erosion and unsustainable deforestation and agriculture of marginal areas persist. Future events could be even more damaging without effective disaster risk reduction and adaptation measures in plac ...
... associated landslides. Togo has increased its vulnerability to landslides in the past decades as more erosion and unsustainable deforestation and agriculture of marginal areas persist. Future events could be even more damaging without effective disaster risk reduction and adaptation measures in plac ...
Dealing With Complexity and Extreme Events Using a Bottom-Up,
... 2010; Pielke Jr. et al., 2007]. There are several reasons why top-down IPCC-type multidecadal global climate change model predictions are not able to accurately predict changes in the climate system over this time period. First, as a necessary condition for an accurate prediction, the multidecadal G ...
... 2010; Pielke Jr. et al., 2007]. There are several reasons why top-down IPCC-type multidecadal global climate change model predictions are not able to accurately predict changes in the climate system over this time period. First, as a necessary condition for an accurate prediction, the multidecadal G ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.