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... • Compare long term mean climatology – average mass, energy, and momentum balances – tells you where the physical approximations take you – but you don’t necessarily know how you get there! ...
... • Compare long term mean climatology – average mass, energy, and momentum balances – tells you where the physical approximations take you – but you don’t necessarily know how you get there! ...
Change in the Arctic influence on Bering Sea climate during the
... Figure 2 shows the time series of seasonally averaged SAT at these three stations with a 5-year running mean applied to filter interannual variation. In winter (Figure 2(a–c)) these stations are distinguished by their north/south geographic location, in the sense that the climatology of each station ...
... Figure 2 shows the time series of seasonally averaged SAT at these three stations with a 5-year running mean applied to filter interannual variation. In winter (Figure 2(a–c)) these stations are distinguished by their north/south geographic location, in the sense that the climatology of each station ...
Trends in Arctic sea ice extent from CMIP5, CMIP3 and observations
... 3.2. Evolution of September and March Ice Extent [16] The large panel in Figure 2a shows for September the observed sea ice extent (red line) along with the modeled CMIP5 ice extent spanning 1900 to 2100. At the start of the 20th century, the September ice extent from all ensemble members ranges fro ...
... 3.2. Evolution of September and March Ice Extent [16] The large panel in Figure 2a shows for September the observed sea ice extent (red line) along with the modeled CMIP5 ice extent spanning 1900 to 2100. At the start of the 20th century, the September ice extent from all ensemble members ranges fro ...
Projections of Future Climate Change
... of surface air temperature in winter, and increased daily variability in summer in the Northern Hemisphere land areas. • The multi-model ensemble signal to noise ratio is greater for surface air temperature than for precipitation. • Most models show weakening of the Northern Hemisphere thermohaline ...
... of surface air temperature in winter, and increased daily variability in summer in the Northern Hemisphere land areas. • The multi-model ensemble signal to noise ratio is greater for surface air temperature than for precipitation. • Most models show weakening of the Northern Hemisphere thermohaline ...
Climate Change and Sea Level Rise
... serious global threat: The scientific evidence is now overwhelming. The rate of global sea level rise was faster from 1993 to 2003, about 3.1 [2.4 to 3.8] mm per year, as compared to the average rate of 1.8 [1.3 to 2.3] mm per year from 1961 to 2003 (IPCC, 2007); and significantly higher than the av ...
... serious global threat: The scientific evidence is now overwhelming. The rate of global sea level rise was faster from 1993 to 2003, about 3.1 [2.4 to 3.8] mm per year, as compared to the average rate of 1.8 [1.3 to 2.3] mm per year from 1961 to 2003 (IPCC, 2007); and significantly higher than the av ...
AllanRP_PAGODA_Dec12 - University of Reading, Meteorology
... • Erroneous P variability in reanalyses and some satellite datasets over the ocean [Liu & Allan 2012] • AMIP simulations can reproduce observed land P variability (relating to ENSO) [Liu et al. 2012; Allan et al. 2013] • Little agreement between AMIP and satellite data over ocean before 1996 [Liu et ...
... • Erroneous P variability in reanalyses and some satellite datasets over the ocean [Liu & Allan 2012] • AMIP simulations can reproduce observed land P variability (relating to ENSO) [Liu et al. 2012; Allan et al. 2013] • Little agreement between AMIP and satellite data over ocean before 1996 [Liu et ...
Climate change in the Netherlands
... four KNMI’06 scenarios together describe the most likely changes in the Netherlands, including associated uncertainties. This conclusion emerges from an evaluation of research from the past few years, in which specific attention has been paid to the consequences for climate change in our region. Imp ...
... four KNMI’06 scenarios together describe the most likely changes in the Netherlands, including associated uncertainties. This conclusion emerges from an evaluation of research from the past few years, in which specific attention has been paid to the consequences for climate change in our region. Imp ...
Fisheries, aquaculture and climate change
... Changing hydrological conditions including reduced water levels and flow rates as a result of reduced snow cover, increased frequency of heat waves and heavy precipitation events (even where average rainfall decreases), decreases in subtropical rainfall (IPCC, 2007a). ...
... Changing hydrological conditions including reduced water levels and flow rates as a result of reduced snow cover, increased frequency of heat waves and heavy precipitation events (even where average rainfall decreases), decreases in subtropical rainfall (IPCC, 2007a). ...
Severe weather and UK food chain resilience
... range of biases. For example, comparing data to model predictions of extreme rainfall, the authors of a recent paper 15 conclude: “Our results also show that the global climate models we used may have underestimated the observed trend, which implies that extreme precipitation events may strengthen m ...
... range of biases. For example, comparing data to model predictions of extreme rainfall, the authors of a recent paper 15 conclude: “Our results also show that the global climate models we used may have underestimated the observed trend, which implies that extreme precipitation events may strengthen m ...
Climate Change
... The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) Climate Change Teaching Unit is a science based Year 10 unit of work. The content descriptors for this unit are from the 2011 Australian Science Curriculum (www.australiancurriculum.edu.au). Following the inquiry based 5Es approach to teaching sc ...
... The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) Climate Change Teaching Unit is a science based Year 10 unit of work. The content descriptors for this unit are from the 2011 Australian Science Curriculum (www.australiancurriculum.edu.au). Following the inquiry based 5Es approach to teaching sc ...
Responses to Changing Atmosphere and Climate
... led to a ⬃35% increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere over the past 200 years (Houghton et al. 2001). Fossil fuel burning also creates reactive nitrogen compounds such as nitrous oxide (N2O). These nitrogenous compounds are released into the atmosphere, where they joi ...
... led to a ⬃35% increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere over the past 200 years (Houghton et al. 2001). Fossil fuel burning also creates reactive nitrogen compounds such as nitrous oxide (N2O). These nitrogenous compounds are released into the atmosphere, where they joi ...
A Review of The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change
... of reality. As just one example among many, a very important part of the global warming story concerns the huge stock–flow lags and enormous built-in inertias from having such a long pipeline between greenhouse gas emissions and ultimate temperature changes. This built-in inertia causes ΔT to contin ...
... of reality. As just one example among many, a very important part of the global warming story concerns the huge stock–flow lags and enormous built-in inertias from having such a long pipeline between greenhouse gas emissions and ultimate temperature changes. This built-in inertia causes ΔT to contin ...
A 10-Year Multidisciplinary Program on the Mediterranean Water
... with respect to climate change alone. Regarding heavy precipitation, progress has to be made on the understanding of the mechanisms that govern the location of the precipitating system as well as of those that occasionally produce uncommon amounts of precipitation. The contrasted topography, the com ...
... with respect to climate change alone. Regarding heavy precipitation, progress has to be made on the understanding of the mechanisms that govern the location of the precipitating system as well as of those that occasionally produce uncommon amounts of precipitation. The contrasted topography, the com ...
Full-Text PDF
... significance to the optimization of utilization, the implementation of scientific scheduling, and the management of regional water resources. In general, water management is a strong key to use water resources in a correct way [1]. Since the 21st century, countries in Europe and America have begun t ...
... significance to the optimization of utilization, the implementation of scientific scheduling, and the management of regional water resources. In general, water management is a strong key to use water resources in a correct way [1]. Since the 21st century, countries in Europe and America have begun t ...
The Economics of Climate Change – Likely Carbon Sequestration
... significantly to the Earth’s temperature, as an additional equivalent amount of CO2 wound then need be sequestered, driving the costs even higher. 9. If we want to prevent disruptive climate change, we can’t wait for technologic advances to significantly reduce the costs of CDR before employing it a ...
... significantly to the Earth’s temperature, as an additional equivalent amount of CO2 wound then need be sequestered, driving the costs even higher. 9. If we want to prevent disruptive climate change, we can’t wait for technologic advances to significantly reduce the costs of CDR before employing it a ...
Impact of Antarctic Ozone Depletion and Recovery on Southern
... all available models within a group. Hatching is used on trend maps to denote where the multimodel mean trend is greater than or equal to one standard deviation of the trends of different models within that group. By comparing the multimodel means of each group, the impact of Antarctic ozone forcing ...
... all available models within a group. Hatching is used on trend maps to denote where the multimodel mean trend is greater than or equal to one standard deviation of the trends of different models within that group. By comparing the multimodel means of each group, the impact of Antarctic ozone forcing ...
20160718_request_submission_form_energy_efficiency_in_rac
... systems that contains ODS were strictly banned in the developed countries are found in the market of PNG. Thus, they sell those gases and equipment to us the developing countries and there is no proper policy and intuitional mechanisms in place to monitor the situation and it has gone from bad to wo ...
... systems that contains ODS were strictly banned in the developed countries are found in the market of PNG. Thus, they sell those gases and equipment to us the developing countries and there is no proper policy and intuitional mechanisms in place to monitor the situation and it has gone from bad to wo ...
Climate Change in Pilot Point, Alaska
... Records from King Salmon’s weather station (80 miles North from Pilot Point) indicate that between 1949 and 2008, average annual temperatures increased by 3.8 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) with most warming occurring in winter (+8.1°F) and the least in the fall (+0.6°F)(Alaska Climate Research Center). L ...
... Records from King Salmon’s weather station (80 miles North from Pilot Point) indicate that between 1949 and 2008, average annual temperatures increased by 3.8 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) with most warming occurring in winter (+8.1°F) and the least in the fall (+0.6°F)(Alaska Climate Research Center). L ...
Print Version
... drivers appear to sit in the midlatitude oceans; Pacific decadal variability (PDV) and Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) have their largest sea surface temperature (SST) expression outside the tropics, and this SST variability may be linked to much deeper oceanic processes compared to ENSO. Ho ...
... drivers appear to sit in the midlatitude oceans; Pacific decadal variability (PDV) and Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) have their largest sea surface temperature (SST) expression outside the tropics, and this SST variability may be linked to much deeper oceanic processes compared to ENSO. Ho ...
The Abrahamic Religions and Climate Change - e
... faith and point to the activities in which the members engage that are most pertinent to addressing climate change. The discussion concludes with encouragement to Earth scientists to recognize that these leaders and organizations value scientific findings and essentially function as allies in the go ...
... faith and point to the activities in which the members engage that are most pertinent to addressing climate change. The discussion concludes with encouragement to Earth scientists to recognize that these leaders and organizations value scientific findings and essentially function as allies in the go ...
Results from the EISMINT model intercomparison: the effects of
... Sheet Modelling Initiative (EISMINT). It reports the intercomparison of ten operational ice-sheet models and uses a series of experiments to examine the implications of thermomechanical coupling for model behaviour. A schematic, circular ice sheet is used in the work which investigates both steady s ...
... Sheet Modelling Initiative (EISMINT). It reports the intercomparison of ten operational ice-sheet models and uses a series of experiments to examine the implications of thermomechanical coupling for model behaviour. A schematic, circular ice sheet is used in the work which investigates both steady s ...
Survival and population size of a resident bird species are declining
... 2. Our results indicate that the South Hills crossbill has declined by over 60% between 2003 and 2008, and that decreasing adult survival drives this population decline. 3. We evaluated the relative support for multiple hypotheses linking crossbill survival to climate, an ectoparasitic mite (scaly-l ...
... 2. Our results indicate that the South Hills crossbill has declined by over 60% between 2003 and 2008, and that decreasing adult survival drives this population decline. 3. We evaluated the relative support for multiple hypotheses linking crossbill survival to climate, an ectoparasitic mite (scaly-l ...
Ehlers and Poulsen, Influence of Andean uplift on climate and
... characterize changes in Andean precipitation amount, surface temperature, and wind direction (vapor source) as a function of changing plateau elevation. Results indicate that South American and Andean climate changed significantly in response to plateau growth. More specifically, rising of the plateau ...
... characterize changes in Andean precipitation amount, surface temperature, and wind direction (vapor source) as a function of changing plateau elevation. Results indicate that South American and Andean climate changed significantly in response to plateau growth. More specifically, rising of the plateau ...
Impacts of climate change on air pollution levels in the Northern
... to pre-industrial values according to the A2 emission scenario which these simulations are based on. Sulphur emissions are projected to increase by 50% until the 2030s, after which they gradually decrease to present day level in year 2100 (Nakicenovic et al., 2000). The global average temperature is ...
... to pre-industrial values according to the A2 emission scenario which these simulations are based on. Sulphur emissions are projected to increase by 50% until the 2030s, after which they gradually decrease to present day level in year 2100 (Nakicenovic et al., 2000). The global average temperature is ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.