Forum: - Lemun
... radiation management: Partially reflecting the sunlight which would otherwise reach earth. This can be achieved by applying pale-colored materials to roofs, brightening clouds, introducing reflective aerosols into the upper atmosphere, or even by deploying space-mirrors. While these methods would re ...
... radiation management: Partially reflecting the sunlight which would otherwise reach earth. This can be achieved by applying pale-colored materials to roofs, brightening clouds, introducing reflective aerosols into the upper atmosphere, or even by deploying space-mirrors. While these methods would re ...
The Impacts of global Warming
... Arctic perennial sea ice has been diminishing at a rate of 9% per decade. The ice of frozen freshwater on Greenland melts to dilute and lower the salinity of the arctic ocean. This would have significant effects (slower or stop) on the ocean conveyor. Ice from land could raise sea level Reduced ice ...
... Arctic perennial sea ice has been diminishing at a rate of 9% per decade. The ice of frozen freshwater on Greenland melts to dilute and lower the salinity of the arctic ocean. This would have significant effects (slower or stop) on the ocean conveyor. Ice from land could raise sea level Reduced ice ...
observed changes and projections
... change, although model ranges show a tendency to decrease in most cases. In no region or season do models suggest a ‘likely’ increase in rainfall. For 2030, best estimates of annual rainfall change indicate little change in the far north and decreases of 2% to 5% elsewhere (Figure 4). Decreases of a ...
... change, although model ranges show a tendency to decrease in most cases. In no region or season do models suggest a ‘likely’ increase in rainfall. For 2030, best estimates of annual rainfall change indicate little change in the far north and decreases of 2% to 5% elsewhere (Figure 4). Decreases of a ...
Pests and Climate Change - Wageningen UR E
... the spatial distribution and changing population dynamics of the OPC. Our second objective was to determine the potential future changes in its distribution under different climate scenarios. We created annual distribution maps of the OPC based on observations gathered by Alterra Wageningen UR, the ...
... the spatial distribution and changing population dynamics of the OPC. Our second objective was to determine the potential future changes in its distribution under different climate scenarios. We created annual distribution maps of the OPC based on observations gathered by Alterra Wageningen UR, the ...
Carbon cycle changes in the North Pacific
... brings high CO2 waters to the surface making the southern portions of the North Pacific a large natural source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Evidence is accumulating that there is substantial variability in the cycling of carbon and related biogeochemical elements over a wide range of time-scales, inclu ...
... brings high CO2 waters to the surface making the southern portions of the North Pacific a large natural source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Evidence is accumulating that there is substantial variability in the cycling of carbon and related biogeochemical elements over a wide range of time-scales, inclu ...
Climate Change and Ecosystem Responses - lterdev
... Many scientists predict that known increases in atmospheric concentrations of heat-trapping gases will increase average global temperatures from 1.5 to 4.5° C before the middle of the twenty-first century (Houghton and Woodwell 1989). Although not all scientists agree with this assessment of the "gr ...
... Many scientists predict that known increases in atmospheric concentrations of heat-trapping gases will increase average global temperatures from 1.5 to 4.5° C before the middle of the twenty-first century (Houghton and Woodwell 1989). Although not all scientists agree with this assessment of the "gr ...
Annual Progress Report 2015-16
... The Earth System Models (EaSMs) skill, however, varies by averaging region and decade. It was also found that volcanic eruptions influence SSTs and are one of the sources of decadal SST hindcast skill. In the actual climate system, however, volcanic eruptions themselves are not predictable, and ther ...
... The Earth System Models (EaSMs) skill, however, varies by averaging region and decade. It was also found that volcanic eruptions influence SSTs and are one of the sources of decadal SST hindcast skill. In the actual climate system, however, volcanic eruptions themselves are not predictable, and ther ...
The Role of Water Vapour in Earth`s Energy Flows
... and the first term approximates to the second term2. Equation 1 therefore predicts increases in water vapour of order 6–7%/K for temperatures close to the surface assuming fixed relative humidity; further discussion is given by O’Gorman and Muller (2010). Observations and modelling indicate that col ...
... and the first term approximates to the second term2. Equation 1 therefore predicts increases in water vapour of order 6–7%/K for temperatures close to the surface assuming fixed relative humidity; further discussion is given by O’Gorman and Muller (2010). Observations and modelling indicate that col ...
Introduction - San Jose State University
... Imagine the Earth was to warm for some reason (initiating mechanism or perturbation) A) Identify two positive feedbacks that would influence the earth’s climate and explain how each one works. B) Identify two negative feedbacks that would influence the earth’s climate and explain how each one works. ...
... Imagine the Earth was to warm for some reason (initiating mechanism or perturbation) A) Identify two positive feedbacks that would influence the earth’s climate and explain how each one works. B) Identify two negative feedbacks that would influence the earth’s climate and explain how each one works. ...
Climate Thermodynamics
... Figure 2: The atmosphere maintains a constant surface temperature under increasing radiative heat forcing by increasing vaporization and turbulent convection, like a boiling pot of water on a stove. to a further decrease of the lapse rate rather than an increase. The atmopshere would then act like ...
... Figure 2: The atmosphere maintains a constant surface temperature under increasing radiative heat forcing by increasing vaporization and turbulent convection, like a boiling pot of water on a stove. to a further decrease of the lapse rate rather than an increase. The atmopshere would then act like ...
Projected increases in near‑surface air temperature over Ontario
... the harmful effects of climate change (MoE 2011b). The realization of such an adaptation initiative mainly depends upon how well we know and how confident we are about the potential impacts of a changing climate in the context of Ontario. Therefore, as an extension of the previous work of Wang et al ...
... the harmful effects of climate change (MoE 2011b). The realization of such an adaptation initiative mainly depends upon how well we know and how confident we are about the potential impacts of a changing climate in the context of Ontario. Therefore, as an extension of the previous work of Wang et al ...
The world beyond two degrees: where do we stand?
... for faster emission reduction after 2020 (ref. 32); focusing on non-nation-state actors such as regional city and local governments, private sector, non-profit organizations and individuals in limiting GHG. One important suggestion in this regard is the role of cities in reducing GHGs, as cities now ...
... for faster emission reduction after 2020 (ref. 32); focusing on non-nation-state actors such as regional city and local governments, private sector, non-profit organizations and individuals in limiting GHG. One important suggestion in this regard is the role of cities in reducing GHGs, as cities now ...
Global Warming`s Increasingly Visible Impacts
... undisputed that the average temperature at the surface of the Earth has increased over the past century by about 1°F (0.6°C), with both the air and the oceans warming.1 Since 1880, when people in many locations first began to keep temperature records, the 25 warmest years have all occurred within th ...
... undisputed that the average temperature at the surface of the Earth has increased over the past century by about 1°F (0.6°C), with both the air and the oceans warming.1 Since 1880, when people in many locations first began to keep temperature records, the 25 warmest years have all occurred within th ...
2. - MfE
... Is there any further information you wish the Government to consider. Please explain. The Government is part of the problem. They and Act are the parties of climate change deniers. They have been dragging their feet on climate change, protecting businesses and farmers from the costs of mitigating fo ...
... Is there any further information you wish the Government to consider. Please explain. The Government is part of the problem. They and Act are the parties of climate change deniers. They have been dragging their feet on climate change, protecting businesses and farmers from the costs of mitigating fo ...
The World in 2050: Four Forces Shaping Civilization`s Northern
... philosophical musings that just naturally bubble up around the issues and unique challenges presented by long-range forecasting. In the last six years alone, a large number of important studies on long-term trends have been released. These include the annually mandated 10-year agricultural and 25ye ...
... philosophical musings that just naturally bubble up around the issues and unique challenges presented by long-range forecasting. In the last six years alone, a large number of important studies on long-term trends have been released. These include the annually mandated 10-year agricultural and 25ye ...
CB-48 - Climate Science: Roger Pielke Sr.
... called the Pacific North American Pattern (PNA) which arches in a great circle northward from the tropical Pacific and eastward across North America and then southward towards the tropics. Discussion as to whether El Niño distinctly forces the PNA or simply modifies the statistics of an already exi ...
... called the Pacific North American Pattern (PNA) which arches in a great circle northward from the tropical Pacific and eastward across North America and then southward towards the tropics. Discussion as to whether El Niño distinctly forces the PNA or simply modifies the statistics of an already exi ...
What`s on the 5th IPCC Report for West Africa?
... Climate variability and climate change have impacts on many sectors, such as agriculture, water availability and health. Depending on the adaptive capacity of a society, these impacts might result in strong vulnerability. One of the main features responsible for climatic conditions over West Africa ...
... Climate variability and climate change have impacts on many sectors, such as agriculture, water availability and health. Depending on the adaptive capacity of a society, these impacts might result in strong vulnerability. One of the main features responsible for climatic conditions over West Africa ...
A Mathematical Analysis of Heat Transfer in an Earth
... Global climate change is becoming increasingly hard to ignore. Overall changes in climate patterns as well as extreme weather events are becoming more commonplace and are affecting larger amounts of people in more widespread areas. This year has brought some of the strangest weather patterns I have ...
... Global climate change is becoming increasingly hard to ignore. Overall changes in climate patterns as well as extreme weather events are becoming more commonplace and are affecting larger amounts of people in more widespread areas. This year has brought some of the strangest weather patterns I have ...
global temperature trends
... Each CMIP5 model simulates its own ERF time series over the historical period. These time series were diagnosed previously35; if multiple realizations were available for a model, the ensemble average of the individual diagnosed ERF time series for this model was given35 and is used here. The individ ...
... Each CMIP5 model simulates its own ERF time series over the historical period. These time series were diagnosed previously35; if multiple realizations were available for a model, the ensemble average of the individual diagnosed ERF time series for this model was given35 and is used here. The individ ...
The change of the hydrological cycle under the influence of global
... decades. There is no doubt that warming will greatly influence the water cycle a powerful process regulating natural freshening of water resources, distribution of water on the continents, supply of fresh water to plants, animals, and man, greatly influencing erosional and geochemical processes. The ...
... decades. There is no doubt that warming will greatly influence the water cycle a powerful process regulating natural freshening of water resources, distribution of water on the continents, supply of fresh water to plants, animals, and man, greatly influencing erosional and geochemical processes. The ...
420 Million years ago - Global Warming
... water vapor & albedo effects of reduced sulfates, snow, ice, and clouds. For clouds, 60% of the amount from AMO 2013 is used. Cloud changes are complex and explain part of warming to date. The effect of Arctic sea ice loss from Hudson (2011) is used: globally, 0.7 W / sq meter for total loss, during ...
... water vapor & albedo effects of reduced sulfates, snow, ice, and clouds. For clouds, 60% of the amount from AMO 2013 is used. Cloud changes are complex and explain part of warming to date. The effect of Arctic sea ice loss from Hudson (2011) is used: globally, 0.7 W / sq meter for total loss, during ...
Climate Change
... Be sure to look at the ‘Notes pages’ (below) for added comments to help in presenting and for more information and sources. Please feel free to email me with suggestions for improvements or useful comments. The intention is that YOU SHOULD PICK AND CHOOSE FROM THESE ...
... Be sure to look at the ‘Notes pages’ (below) for added comments to help in presenting and for more information and sources. Please feel free to email me with suggestions for improvements or useful comments. The intention is that YOU SHOULD PICK AND CHOOSE FROM THESE ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.