analysis of land skin temperature using avhrr observations
... angle. Unlike the sea surface, where the emissivity at the wavelength of AVHRR channels 4 and 5 is high and well known, land surface emissivity is highly heterogeneous. As a result, emissivity is one of the largest uncertainty sources in SWT. The currently used approach is to set two emissivities fo ...
... angle. Unlike the sea surface, where the emissivity at the wavelength of AVHRR channels 4 and 5 is high and well known, land surface emissivity is highly heterogeneous. As a result, emissivity is one of the largest uncertainty sources in SWT. The currently used approach is to set two emissivities fo ...
Will moist convection be stronger in a warmer climate?
... experiment profiles with vertical velocities near the freezing level of 10– 12 m s1 for updraft cores over land and 4– 5 m s1 over ocean. GCM continental updraft speeds are slightly lower but clearly capture the land-ocean difference. Peak instantaneous updraft speeds over land (see Figure 3) are ...
... experiment profiles with vertical velocities near the freezing level of 10– 12 m s1 for updraft cores over land and 4– 5 m s1 over ocean. GCM continental updraft speeds are slightly lower but clearly capture the land-ocean difference. Peak instantaneous updraft speeds over land (see Figure 3) are ...
Temperature change and its effects on the Great Lakes climate
... possibilities over the next several thousand years that could drive climate change. Global Warming Global Warming is the process of the earth warming due to human intensification. The burning of fossil fuels releases green house gases into the atmosphere which in turn helps to warm our planet over t ...
... possibilities over the next several thousand years that could drive climate change. Global Warming Global Warming is the process of the earth warming due to human intensification. The burning of fossil fuels releases green house gases into the atmosphere which in turn helps to warm our planet over t ...
Melting Away - Global Warming
... frozen. When summer arrives, about half the ice usually melts. But in recent years, the amount of summer ice has been much lower because of warmer temperatures. The Arctic meltdown is one of the most significant effects of a trend known as climate change. Earth's average temperature has been slowly ...
... frozen. When summer arrives, about half the ice usually melts. But in recent years, the amount of summer ice has been much lower because of warmer temperatures. The Arctic meltdown is one of the most significant effects of a trend known as climate change. Earth's average temperature has been slowly ...
An Analysis of the Effects of Strategic Messaging on the Perceptual
... Recent headlines, like “College endowments feel the heat over global warming” (Berr, 2014) and “Students fight climate change, cite personal reasons” (Vendituoli, 2013), suggest a growing movement of climate activism among youth. According to one media report, “College campuses are becoming a hotspo ...
... Recent headlines, like “College endowments feel the heat over global warming” (Berr, 2014) and “Students fight climate change, cite personal reasons” (Vendituoli, 2013), suggest a growing movement of climate activism among youth. According to one media report, “College campuses are becoming a hotspo ...
Weather and Climate
... El Niño Southern Oscillation The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which includes both El Niño and La Niña conditions, refers to changing patterns of sea surface temperatures in the South Pacific which have an impact on the weather of both the surrounding countries and worldwide. The effect of EN ...
... El Niño Southern Oscillation The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which includes both El Niño and La Niña conditions, refers to changing patterns of sea surface temperatures in the South Pacific which have an impact on the weather of both the surrounding countries and worldwide. The effect of EN ...
cс Copyright 2009 American Meteorological Society
... temperatures, an example is that the daily number of heat-related deaths increases substantially at higher air temperatures. Here we examine the changes in the 0.99 empirical quantile of the daily mean temperature, which corresponds to the temperature with a return period of approximately one summer ...
... temperatures, an example is that the daily number of heat-related deaths increases substantially at higher air temperatures. Here we examine the changes in the 0.99 empirical quantile of the daily mean temperature, which corresponds to the temperature with a return period of approximately one summer ...
JEDC_email_exchange_1
... does Hope (2006) provide an estimate of the global impact of global warming relative to present day or preindustrial levels. However, Table 1 of Tol (2013) indicates that Hope (2006) found that the range of global impact on GDP of global warming of 2.5°C was 0.9 per cent, with an “uncertainty” of -0 ...
... does Hope (2006) provide an estimate of the global impact of global warming relative to present day or preindustrial levels. However, Table 1 of Tol (2013) indicates that Hope (2006) found that the range of global impact on GDP of global warming of 2.5°C was 0.9 per cent, with an “uncertainty” of -0 ...
Paleoclimate Implications for Human
... that continent, an amplifying feedback that contributed to the sharp drop of global temperature at that time. Moderate warming between 30 and 15 Mya was not sufficient to melt all Antarctic ice. The cooling trend resumed about 15 Mya and accelerated as the climate became cold enough for ice sheets t ...
... that continent, an amplifying feedback that contributed to the sharp drop of global temperature at that time. Moderate warming between 30 and 15 Mya was not sufficient to melt all Antarctic ice. The cooling trend resumed about 15 Mya and accelerated as the climate became cold enough for ice sheets t ...
Global Climate Change and Population
... Recent extremes may highlight current sensitivity and vulnerability (and effective responses) ...
... Recent extremes may highlight current sensitivity and vulnerability (and effective responses) ...
P
... olicy-makers and the media, particular- Academy of Sciences report, Climate ly in the United States, frequently assert Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key that climate science is highly uncertain. Questions, begins: “Greenhouse gases are Some have used this as an argument against accumulating in ...
... olicy-makers and the media, particular- Academy of Sciences report, Climate ly in the United States, frequently assert Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key that climate science is highly uncertain. Questions, begins: “Greenhouse gases are Some have used this as an argument against accumulating in ...
Institute for International Economic Studies Seminar paper No. 757
... we provide an overview of this model and our modifications. Equation numbers, variables, and parameters in brackets refer to a formal description of the model in the Appendix. General description of RICE–99. The world is divided into eight regions (indexed by J) on the basis of geography as well as ...
... we provide an overview of this model and our modifications. Equation numbers, variables, and parameters in brackets refer to a formal description of the model in the Appendix. General description of RICE–99. The world is divided into eight regions (indexed by J) on the basis of geography as well as ...
scvwd_system_climate_analysis_v0.01
... Figure 1) sequences of runoff were obtained from the archive described above, and these were adjusted as described below. Each runoff sequence was bias-corrected using quantile mapping, using the overlapping 1950-1999 period as the base climatology. This procedure involves separating the data (for 1 ...
... Figure 1) sequences of runoff were obtained from the archive described above, and these were adjusted as described below. Each runoff sequence was bias-corrected using quantile mapping, using the overlapping 1950-1999 period as the base climatology. This procedure involves separating the data (for 1 ...
Environmental effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide
... cannot have caused the bulk of the past century’s temperature increase. In addition, it has been pointed out that reported increases in global and northern hemisphere surface temperatures since the 1970s have occurred mostly during cold seasons. The winter warming may be interpreted as natural dynam ...
... cannot have caused the bulk of the past century’s temperature increase. In addition, it has been pointed out that reported increases in global and northern hemisphere surface temperatures since the 1970s have occurred mostly during cold seasons. The winter warming may be interpreted as natural dynam ...
Monte Carlo Simulation to Characterize Stormwater Runoff
... Larger agreement among GCMs for annual temperature than for annual precipitation However, seasonality and extreme events also important ...
... Larger agreement among GCMs for annual temperature than for annual precipitation However, seasonality and extreme events also important ...
06SORCE - Academic Program Pages at Evergreen
... Fire and Water, Fall 2006 Over geologic time the Earth has experienced wide fluctuations in climate, such as ice ages. Earth is currently experiencing a rapid warming trend. A major factor determining global climate is the intensity of the Sun's energy reaching the Earth. However, climate changes c ...
... Fire and Water, Fall 2006 Over geologic time the Earth has experienced wide fluctuations in climate, such as ice ages. Earth is currently experiencing a rapid warming trend. A major factor determining global climate is the intensity of the Sun's energy reaching the Earth. However, climate changes c ...
Full text (PDF)
... within the euphotic layer. Various studies of sediment core samples and models have found that dust-induced iron supply can increase PP and EP in the Southern Ocean at the last glacial maximum (LGM) [e.g., Martin, 1990; Bopp et al., 2003]. Enhanced EP was furthermore evident at the onset of glaciati ...
... within the euphotic layer. Various studies of sediment core samples and models have found that dust-induced iron supply can increase PP and EP in the Southern Ocean at the last glacial maximum (LGM) [e.g., Martin, 1990; Bopp et al., 2003]. Enhanced EP was furthermore evident at the onset of glaciati ...
Why models run hot: results from an irreducibly simple climate
... temperature anomaly datasets [9, 10], is 0.34 °C, equivalent to 1.4 °C century-1—half the central estimate in FAR and beneath the lower bound of the then-projected warming interval (Fig. 1). Global temperature would have to rise over the coming decade at a rate almost twice as high as the greatest s ...
... temperature anomaly datasets [9, 10], is 0.34 °C, equivalent to 1.4 °C century-1—half the central estimate in FAR and beneath the lower bound of the then-projected warming interval (Fig. 1). Global temperature would have to rise over the coming decade at a rate almost twice as high as the greatest s ...
Why models run hot: results from an irreducibly simple climate
... temperature anomaly datasets [9, 10], is 0.34 °C, equivalent to 1.4 °C century-1—half the central estimate in FAR and beneath the lower bound of the then-projected warming interval (Fig. 1). Global temperature would have to rise over the coming decade at a rate almost twice as high as the greatest s ...
... temperature anomaly datasets [9, 10], is 0.34 °C, equivalent to 1.4 °C century-1—half the central estimate in FAR and beneath the lower bound of the then-projected warming interval (Fig. 1). Global temperature would have to rise over the coming decade at a rate almost twice as high as the greatest s ...
The Oceans and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
... not justify leaving the oceans behind in the climate negotiations, but rather highlight the need to address ocean issues at the UNFCCC in a clear, simple, and relevant manner. Conversely, the ocean can serve as a unifying front to find common solutions, helping form new alliances within a fairly pol ...
... not justify leaving the oceans behind in the climate negotiations, but rather highlight the need to address ocean issues at the UNFCCC in a clear, simple, and relevant manner. Conversely, the ocean can serve as a unifying front to find common solutions, helping form new alliances within a fairly pol ...
Climate and Disease - dimacs
... –Models that depend on average change in temperature or rainfall miss out on spatial variation –There are changes in the time of the malaria cycle during which rainfall changes result in changes in impact –With global warming, there are areas where malaria would appear and others where malaria would ...
... –Models that depend on average change in temperature or rainfall miss out on spatial variation –There are changes in the time of the malaria cycle during which rainfall changes result in changes in impact –With global warming, there are areas where malaria would appear and others where malaria would ...
Planetary atmospheres
... • Greater tilt makes more extreme seasons, while smaller tilt keeps polar regions colder ...
... • Greater tilt makes more extreme seasons, while smaller tilt keeps polar regions colder ...
Sass_BakerInstFeb10
... it used to be: ‘It is accepted scientific wisdom the Earth is flat.’ And this heretic named Galileo was branded a denier.” Ted Cruz “The volcano that erupted over in Northern Europe [in 2010] actually poured more CO2 into the air in that single act of nature than all of humans have in something like ...
... it used to be: ‘It is accepted scientific wisdom the Earth is flat.’ And this heretic named Galileo was branded a denier.” Ted Cruz “The volcano that erupted over in Northern Europe [in 2010] actually poured more CO2 into the air in that single act of nature than all of humans have in something like ...
Antarctic Climate Evolution (ACE) Research Initiative
... important to assess the stability of the cryosphere under a warming climate (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, 2001), particularly as ice-core records have yielded evidence of a strong correlation between CO2 in the atmosphere and palaeotemperatures (Fig. 2). This concern is justified ...
... important to assess the stability of the cryosphere under a warming climate (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, 2001), particularly as ice-core records have yielded evidence of a strong correlation between CO2 in the atmosphere and palaeotemperatures (Fig. 2). This concern is justified ...
View slides from Dimitri Zenghelis`s lecutre in Sofia
... account of risk and uncertainty • Models do not provide precise forecasts • Assumptions on discounting, risk aversion and equity affect the results ...
... account of risk and uncertainty • Models do not provide precise forecasts • Assumptions on discounting, risk aversion and equity affect the results ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.