Coupled General Circulation Modeling
... • Time required varies with model type and depends on e-folding time of slowest component of climate system. – AGCMs: < 1 year – A-MLO models: ~5 years – AOGCMs: ~500-1,000 years ...
... • Time required varies with model type and depends on e-folding time of slowest component of climate system. – AGCMs: < 1 year – A-MLO models: ~5 years – AOGCMs: ~500-1,000 years ...
Nature Communications Review Integrating Pliocene Geological
... 2010; Bartoli et al., 2011; Badger et al., 2013). This is in contrast to the known preindustrial concentration of 280 ppmv and the seasonally adjusted 2013 annual concentration of 396.52 ppmv (http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/data/atmospheric_co2.html). With respect to the pre-industrial era, Pliocene su ...
... 2010; Bartoli et al., 2011; Badger et al., 2013). This is in contrast to the known preindustrial concentration of 280 ppmv and the seasonally adjusted 2013 annual concentration of 396.52 ppmv (http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/data/atmospheric_co2.html). With respect to the pre-industrial era, Pliocene su ...
Hydro-Québec`s Experience in Adapting to Climate Change
... ▪ Application to Hydro-Québec Network ▪ 94 watersheds ▪ 90 Climate change projections ▪ Projections of future inflows ▪ Multitude of analysis approaches ...
... ▪ Application to Hydro-Québec Network ▪ 94 watersheds ▪ 90 Climate change projections ▪ Projections of future inflows ▪ Multitude of analysis approaches ...
PDF
... (AR) and linear trend models to annual corn yields for a similar time period and sample of states. Break testing procedures point out that some states have multiple breaks, and the sample is accordingly partitioned to develop short run and long run forecasts to year 2030. Long run forecasts from lin ...
... (AR) and linear trend models to annual corn yields for a similar time period and sample of states. Break testing procedures point out that some states have multiple breaks, and the sample is accordingly partitioned to develop short run and long run forecasts to year 2030. Long run forecasts from lin ...
LCCARL231_en.pdf
... the absence of property rights over its ownership and use that leads to a problem of under provision. Alternatively, in the case of global public “bads” such as polluted air, the absence of property rights leads to a problem of over-provision. Clearly the absence of property rights over the earth’s ...
... the absence of property rights over its ownership and use that leads to a problem of under provision. Alternatively, in the case of global public “bads” such as polluted air, the absence of property rights leads to a problem of over-provision. Clearly the absence of property rights over the earth’s ...
The Anthropocene: From Global Change to Planetary Stewardship
... magnitude at which humanity can consume the planet’s geophysical resources. Furthermore, climate change and the appearance of the ozone hole owing to man-made chemicals are strong evidence that humanity can overwhelm important chemical, physical, and biological processes that modulate the functionin ...
... magnitude at which humanity can consume the planet’s geophysical resources. Furthermore, climate change and the appearance of the ozone hole owing to man-made chemicals are strong evidence that humanity can overwhelm important chemical, physical, and biological processes that modulate the functionin ...
The Anthropocene: From Global Change to Planetary Stewardship
... magnitude at which humanity can consume the planet’s geophysical resources. Furthermore, climate change and the appearance of the ozone hole owing to man-made chemicals are strong evidence that humanity can overwhelm important chemical, physical, and biological processes that modulate the functionin ...
... magnitude at which humanity can consume the planet’s geophysical resources. Furthermore, climate change and the appearance of the ozone hole owing to man-made chemicals are strong evidence that humanity can overwhelm important chemical, physical, and biological processes that modulate the functionin ...
Jenouvrier, S., H. Caswell, C. Barbraud, M. Holland, J. Stroeve, and
... dramatically by 2100. Our conclusions are robust for the following reasons. First, our projections of sea ice are based on 10 diverse IPCC climate models. Second, our 2-state environment model assumes that future warm events have no greater impact on penguins than did the warm events during the 1970 ...
... dramatically by 2100. Our conclusions are robust for the following reasons. First, our projections of sea ice are based on 10 diverse IPCC climate models. Second, our 2-state environment model assumes that future warm events have no greater impact on penguins than did the warm events during the 1970 ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES LIFE David Albouy
... so far have been slight, particularly relative to changes in technology—especially air conditioning (Barreca et al. 2013)—and local economic conditions. Third, Kuminoff and Pope (2012) have shown that temporal changes in the capitalization of amenities do not typically translate to measures of WTP. ...
... so far have been slight, particularly relative to changes in technology—especially air conditioning (Barreca et al. 2013)—and local economic conditions. Third, Kuminoff and Pope (2012) have shown that temporal changes in the capitalization of amenities do not typically translate to measures of WTP. ...
Equator-to-pole temperature differences and the extra
... content may be expected to influence the storm tracks. Changes in the atmospheric moisture content will also have an indirect effect via changes in the large-scale thermal structure of the atmosphere associated with altered latent heat fluxes; however, this effect would be captured by the temperatur ...
... content may be expected to influence the storm tracks. Changes in the atmospheric moisture content will also have an indirect effect via changes in the large-scale thermal structure of the atmosphere associated with altered latent heat fluxes; however, this effect would be captured by the temperatur ...
Climate Change as Threat Multiplier
... 2011). According to an article by Oxford University’s Dr. Troy Strernberg in Nature magazine, this event “reduced the wheat harvest by 32.7%,” while the 2010 drought in China had a marked impact on global food prices and food security in North Africa and the Middle East (Sternberg, 2011). Other rese ...
... 2011). According to an article by Oxford University’s Dr. Troy Strernberg in Nature magazine, this event “reduced the wheat harvest by 32.7%,” while the 2010 drought in China had a marked impact on global food prices and food security in North Africa and the Middle East (Sternberg, 2011). Other rese ...
Smith-SDC-Edinburgh-October-2008-final
... • Adaptation will be necessary to address impacts resulting from the warming which is already unavoidable due to past emissions. • A wide array of adaptation options is available, but more extensive adaptation than is currently occurring is required to reduce vulnerability to future climate change. ...
... • Adaptation will be necessary to address impacts resulting from the warming which is already unavoidable due to past emissions. • A wide array of adaptation options is available, but more extensive adaptation than is currently occurring is required to reduce vulnerability to future climate change. ...
PDF
... There is a growing consensus that the rising concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will lead to higher temperatures and increased precipitation over the next century. The changes in climate are predicted to have a significant impact on economic activity. One of the most significant way ...
... There is a growing consensus that the rising concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will lead to higher temperatures and increased precipitation over the next century. The changes in climate are predicted to have a significant impact on economic activity. One of the most significant way ...
Climate Change Impacts on China Environment
... and the changing pH value in seawaters increase the vulnerability of coral reefs. Thus climate change is considered serious threat to coral reefs. The rising sea surface temperatures and rising levels of carbon dioxide as a result of climate change are causing serious coral bleaching problems.44 Dur ...
... and the changing pH value in seawaters increase the vulnerability of coral reefs. Thus climate change is considered serious threat to coral reefs. The rising sea surface temperatures and rising levels of carbon dioxide as a result of climate change are causing serious coral bleaching problems.44 Dur ...
IS CLIMATE CHANGE HINDERING ECONOMIC GROWTH OF ASIAN ECONOMIES? *
... climate change. Notably, extreme weather is expected to boost investment as well. According to Lecocq and Shalizi (2007), GDP will be affected indirectly by variations in demand structure even though there is no direct effect of climate change on it. Climate change can result in resource scarcity, w ...
... climate change. Notably, extreme weather is expected to boost investment as well. According to Lecocq and Shalizi (2007), GDP will be affected indirectly by variations in demand structure even though there is no direct effect of climate change on it. Climate change can result in resource scarcity, w ...
PDF
... Precipitation is also very important. All the squared terms for seasonal precipitation are significant. The seasonal squared terms are generally negative except for spring which is positive. For most of the seasons, precipitation has a hill-shaped relationship. More rainfall is good up to a point bu ...
... Precipitation is also very important. All the squared terms for seasonal precipitation are significant. The seasonal squared terms are generally negative except for spring which is positive. For most of the seasons, precipitation has a hill-shaped relationship. More rainfall is good up to a point bu ...
NRDC: Boosting the Benefits - Improving Air Quality and Health by
... Reductions in Pollution Bring Health and Economic Co-Benefits Our analysis shows that the measures that reduce the greatest amounts of global warming pollution—cleaner cars and trucks, energy efficiency, renewable energy, and smart growth—also contribute to significant reductions in the NOx and PM e ...
... Reductions in Pollution Bring Health and Economic Co-Benefits Our analysis shows that the measures that reduce the greatest amounts of global warming pollution—cleaner cars and trucks, energy efficiency, renewable energy, and smart growth—also contribute to significant reductions in the NOx and PM e ...
Climate Change - Province of British Columbia
... British Columbia will need to adapt to the unavoidable impacts of climate change, as well as to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Because of the historical and continuing rise in global GHGs, the Earth will continue to warm for decades to come. We can expect more long-term warming, more extreme ...
... British Columbia will need to adapt to the unavoidable impacts of climate change, as well as to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Because of the historical and continuing rise in global GHGs, the Earth will continue to warm for decades to come. We can expect more long-term warming, more extreme ...
Quest - Academy of Science of South Africa
... and data from Antarctic research stations and 6 300 meteorological stations around the world. Earth's average surface temperature has increased by about 0.7°C since 1880. Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15 to 0.20°C per decade. Image: Data from NASA Goddard ...
... and data from Antarctic research stations and 6 300 meteorological stations around the world. Earth's average surface temperature has increased by about 0.7°C since 1880. Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15 to 0.20°C per decade. Image: Data from NASA Goddard ...
The role of HFCs in mitigating 21st century climate change
... and WMO (2011) as well as Shindell et al. (2012) calculated the avoided warming to be 0.5(± 0.05) ◦ C by 2070. This estimate is consistent with RX10, which would also yield 0.5 ◦ C avoided warming if only CH4 , O3 , and BC were mitigated. All three studies calculated that full implementation of miti ...
... and WMO (2011) as well as Shindell et al. (2012) calculated the avoided warming to be 0.5(± 0.05) ◦ C by 2070. This estimate is consistent with RX10, which would also yield 0.5 ◦ C avoided warming if only CH4 , O3 , and BC were mitigated. All three studies calculated that full implementation of miti ...
da nang, vietnam: climate change impacts on heat stress by 2050
... Figure 4: Models’ skill at replicating the four daily climate variables needed to calculate the heat index – minimum and maximum temperature, relative humidity and surface wind. ................. 16 Figure 5: ...
... Figure 4: Models’ skill at replicating the four daily climate variables needed to calculate the heat index – minimum and maximum temperature, relative humidity and surface wind. ................. 16 Figure 5: ...
Creation and Stewardship A unit for post-16 General RE
... common, the growing season is shorter, and higher temperatures are leading to a change in some crops. The glaciers that provide water to the capital, La Paz, are predicted to disappear by 2045. Felipa Charque Chambi (72) lives in a rural community called Villa Arbolitos: I was a little girl, there “ ...
... common, the growing season is shorter, and higher temperatures are leading to a change in some crops. The glaciers that provide water to the capital, La Paz, are predicted to disappear by 2045. Felipa Charque Chambi (72) lives in a rural community called Villa Arbolitos: I was a little girl, there “ ...
Standards and Suggestions
... Examples of qualitative observations could include descriptions of the weather (such as sunny, cloudy, rainy, and warm). Examples of quantitative observations could include numbers of sunny, windy, and rainy days in a month. Examples of patterns could include the fact that it is usually cooler in th ...
... Examples of qualitative observations could include descriptions of the weather (such as sunny, cloudy, rainy, and warm). Examples of quantitative observations could include numbers of sunny, windy, and rainy days in a month. Examples of patterns could include the fact that it is usually cooler in th ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.