CMIP5 Projections of Arctic Amplification, of the North American
... guess a priori, because increasing greenhouse gas concentrations over the twenty-first century are projected to cause significant changes in the global climate at all latitudes, altitudes, and scales (Stocker et al. 2013). For instance, while the lower-tropospheric temperature gradient is projected ...
... guess a priori, because increasing greenhouse gas concentrations over the twenty-first century are projected to cause significant changes in the global climate at all latitudes, altitudes, and scales (Stocker et al. 2013). For instance, while the lower-tropospheric temperature gradient is projected ...
Interacting Regional-Scale Regime Shifts for Biodiversity and
... for examples of underlying tipping point mechanisms). Socioeconomic regime shifts are related to the vulnerabilities, adaptive capacities, and transformative capabilities of societies in the face of local and global pressures (table 2; Scheffer 2009, Leadley et al. 2010). Biophysical regime shifts ...
... for examples of underlying tipping point mechanisms). Socioeconomic regime shifts are related to the vulnerabilities, adaptive capacities, and transformative capabilities of societies in the face of local and global pressures (table 2; Scheffer 2009, Leadley et al. 2010). Biophysical regime shifts ...
Climate - MSc Epidemiology
... The average state of the atmosphere and the underlying land or water in a specific region over a specific time-scale. Climate variability: Variability in the mean state or other statistical measures (such as standard deviations or the occurrence of extremes) of the climate on all temporal or spatial ...
... The average state of the atmosphere and the underlying land or water in a specific region over a specific time-scale. Climate variability: Variability in the mean state or other statistical measures (such as standard deviations or the occurrence of extremes) of the climate on all temporal or spatial ...
Cloud Feedbacks Found to Amplify Global Warming
... the size of the cloud droplets. There have been attempts to use empirical guidance to determine how these basic cloud properties, and hence albedo, may respond to changes in large-scale climate. The empirical relationship between cloud LWC and temperature obtained by Feigelson (1978) from aircraft m ...
... the size of the cloud droplets. There have been attempts to use empirical guidance to determine how these basic cloud properties, and hence albedo, may respond to changes in large-scale climate. The empirical relationship between cloud LWC and temperature obtained by Feigelson (1978) from aircraft m ...
KNOWLEDGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND CAUSES OF CLIMATE
... in the average weather that a given region experiences” to “Only if asked, by climate change we mean a change in the average weather in a region or place like”.
*Note: changes that were made to the dataset in Cycle 6 were not reflected in the CATI until Cycle 7
(January 2011)
QUESTI ...
... in the average weather that a given region experiences” to “Only if asked, by climate change we mean a change in the average weather in a region or place like
Target Atmospheric CO : Where Should Humanity Aim?
... energy balance. Increase of solar irradiance (So) by 2% and doubling of atmospheric CO2 are each forcings of about 4 W/m2 [12]. Charney [13] defined an idealized climate sensitivity problem, asking how much global surface temperature would increase if atmospheric CO2 were instantly doubled, assuming ...
... energy balance. Increase of solar irradiance (So) by 2% and doubling of atmospheric CO2 are each forcings of about 4 W/m2 [12]. Charney [13] defined an idealized climate sensitivity problem, asking how much global surface temperature would increase if atmospheric CO2 were instantly doubled, assuming ...
CV - Princeton University
... Interim Advisory Committee, Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council, Panel on the Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Contributing author, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Second Assessment Report, WGI Technical Summary and ...
... Interim Advisory Committee, Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council, Panel on the Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Contributing author, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Second Assessment Report, WGI Technical Summary and ...
Bringin Adaptation to Ground in British Columbia
... of a warmer-than-average winter and spring and decrease the likelihood of a wetter-than-averFigure 1: Coast, Northern, and Southern Regions, age winter. The opposite tendenas referenced in this article. Boundaries are based cies are true for cool phase largely on ecoprovinces (Demarchi 1996). ENSO ( ...
... of a warmer-than-average winter and spring and decrease the likelihood of a wetter-than-averFigure 1: Coast, Northern, and Southern Regions, age winter. The opposite tendenas referenced in this article. Boundaries are based cies are true for cool phase largely on ecoprovinces (Demarchi 1996). ENSO ( ...
Modeling Uncertainty in Climate Change
... A central issue in the economics of climate change is understanding and dealing with the vast array of uncertainties. These range from those regarding economic and population growth, emissions intensities and new technologies, to the carbon cycle, climate response, and damages, and cascade to the ...
... A central issue in the economics of climate change is understanding and dealing with the vast array of uncertainties. These range from those regarding economic and population growth, emissions intensities and new technologies, to the carbon cycle, climate response, and damages, and cascade to the ...
International Journal of Web Information Systems
... future), (fight,climate), (blind,spot), (solar,power), (challenging,political), (political, climate), (cloudy,picture), (extreme,heat), (climate,risks), (climate,justice), (conservation, measures), (global,forest), (forest,carbon), (carbon,balance), (flood,risk), (challenging, climate), (carbon,budg ...
... future), (fight,climate), (blind,spot), (solar,power), (challenging,political), (political, climate), (cloudy,picture), (extreme,heat), (climate,risks), (climate,justice), (conservation, measures), (global,forest), (forest,carbon), (carbon,balance), (flood,risk), (challenging, climate), (carbon,budg ...
Trends and variability in rain-on-snow events
... Greenland, Spitsbergen, and Solberg [Putkonen and Roe, 2003]. These high-latitude locations are one of the most sensitive regions of the climate system. The study of these events is complex because meteorological station data are sparse and uncertain, as many of them are not manned [Rennert et al., ...
... Greenland, Spitsbergen, and Solberg [Putkonen and Roe, 2003]. These high-latitude locations are one of the most sensitive regions of the climate system. The study of these events is complex because meteorological station data are sparse and uncertain, as many of them are not manned [Rennert et al., ...
Primer on Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
... • Second is the recognition that in addition to being climate forcers, three of the four SLCPs are also air pollutants that damage public health and ecosystems. Reducing them will prevent millions of premature deaths every year, protect tens of millions of tonnes of crops, and contribute to sustain ...
... • Second is the recognition that in addition to being climate forcers, three of the four SLCPs are also air pollutants that damage public health and ecosystems. Reducing them will prevent millions of premature deaths every year, protect tens of millions of tonnes of crops, and contribute to sustain ...
ENSEMBLES_DoW_vn.4_RT5_and_RT6_overview
... observational data with a time and space resolution high enough to capture extreme weather events. To be effective, the observational data need to have daily resolution, and be available in gridded format. To be accurate, these grids need to be based on a dense network of station observations. Altho ...
... observational data with a time and space resolution high enough to capture extreme weather events. To be effective, the observational data need to have daily resolution, and be available in gridded format. To be accurate, these grids need to be based on a dense network of station observations. Altho ...
On the persistent spread in snow-albedo feedback
... associated with the springtime warming. Their premise is that SAF would behave similarly in the contexts of seasonal cycle and climate change. Therefore, the magnitudes of Das =DT s in the two contexts may be comparable. Indeed, they found almost a one-to-one correspondence between Das =DT s in ...
... associated with the springtime warming. Their premise is that SAF would behave similarly in the contexts of seasonal cycle and climate change. Therefore, the magnitudes of Das =DT s in the two contexts may be comparable. Indeed, they found almost a one-to-one correspondence between Das =DT s in ...
Methane, the Gakkel Ridge and human survival.
... In July 2013 Nature reported that the release of 50 gigatons of methane “is possible at any time”. A massive exponential increase in temperature would follow, and this would trigger further releases of methane. On February 21 this year very high concentrations of methane were recorded at an altitude ...
... In July 2013 Nature reported that the release of 50 gigatons of methane “is possible at any time”. A massive exponential increase in temperature would follow, and this would trigger further releases of methane. On February 21 this year very high concentrations of methane were recorded at an altitude ...
CLIMATE CHANGE: Regional Climate Model Predictions for Ireland (2001-CD-C4-M2) Environmental RTDI Programme 2000–2006
... conditions for the period 2021–2060 based on the outputs ...
... conditions for the period 2021–2060 based on the outputs ...
Kyoto and Beyond - European Business Council for Sustainable
... As the name suggests, the Framework Convention is the foundation for the global response to climate change. The FCCC specified that developed countries should bear the primary responsibility for reducing greenhouse gases, and set out a system of voluntary reduction commitments for these countries al ...
... As the name suggests, the Framework Convention is the foundation for the global response to climate change. The FCCC specified that developed countries should bear the primary responsibility for reducing greenhouse gases, and set out a system of voluntary reduction commitments for these countries al ...
From: Pielke Sr., RA, G. Marland, RA Betts, TN Chase, JL Eastman
... anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing asymmetric uncertainty estimates from the component terms, and cannot be obtained by simple addition. Additional forcing factors not included here are considered to have a very low LOSU. Volcanic aerosols contribute ...
... anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing asymmetric uncertainty estimates from the component terms, and cannot be obtained by simple addition. Additional forcing factors not included here are considered to have a very low LOSU. Volcanic aerosols contribute ...
Physiology and Ecology to Inform Climate Adaptation Strategies for
... the Green Toad (Anaxyrus debilis; about 40° C); other species have lower thermal limits, such as the Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens; about 36° C) found in parts of the Chihuahuan Desert (Brattstrom 1968). There is also variation between populations (Ralin and Rogers 1972); for example, Pa ...
... the Green Toad (Anaxyrus debilis; about 40° C); other species have lower thermal limits, such as the Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens; about 36° C) found in parts of the Chihuahuan Desert (Brattstrom 1968). There is also variation between populations (Ralin and Rogers 1972); for example, Pa ...
R32 Rich Mixtures
... of 150 or less. This is to prevent such vehicles being placed on the market during the phase-out period with an empty air-conditioning system which could then be charged with R134a or any other fluorinated refrigerant gas with a GWP above 150. ...
... of 150 or less. This is to prevent such vehicles being placed on the market during the phase-out period with an empty air-conditioning system which could then be charged with R134a or any other fluorinated refrigerant gas with a GWP above 150. ...
detailed chapter
... and livestock wastes; growing resistance to and restrictions on the use of genetically-modified crops; new pests;and the development of pest resistance to existing pest-control strategies. Future changes in climate will interact with all of these factors. ...
... and livestock wastes; growing resistance to and restrictions on the use of genetically-modified crops; new pests;and the development of pest resistance to existing pest-control strategies. Future changes in climate will interact with all of these factors. ...
An Introduction to the Science of Climate Change
... extensive review document in 2001 that describes the most recent scientific data related to climate change from leading scientists around the world entitled, ‘Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis’. The most recent evidence on the effects of climate change demonstrating changes in global tempera ...
... extensive review document in 2001 that describes the most recent scientific data related to climate change from leading scientists around the world entitled, ‘Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis’. The most recent evidence on the effects of climate change demonstrating changes in global tempera ...
Curriculum Vitae: Lisa Goddard
... of MOS and perfect prognosis. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32: L15809, doi:10.1029/2005GL022910. Potgieter, A.B., G.L. Hammer, H. Meinke, R.C. Stone, and L. Goddard, 2005. Spatial variability in impact on Australian wheat yield reveals three types of El Niño. J. Climate, 18: 1566-1574. Tippett, M.K., L. God ...
... of MOS and perfect prognosis. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32: L15809, doi:10.1029/2005GL022910. Potgieter, A.B., G.L. Hammer, H. Meinke, R.C. Stone, and L. Goddard, 2005. Spatial variability in impact on Australian wheat yield reveals three types of El Niño. J. Climate, 18: 1566-1574. Tippett, M.K., L. God ...
Download: ACI2015 - Summary for Policy-makers
... on its altitude in the atmosphere, the locations of black carbon sources and the details of its transport pathways are important considerations. Black carbon at high altitudes in the Arctic leads to surface cooling. Black carbon found lower in the atmosphere, leading to surface warming and at times ...
... on its altitude in the atmosphere, the locations of black carbon sources and the details of its transport pathways are important considerations. Black carbon at high altitudes in the Arctic leads to surface cooling. Black carbon found lower in the atmosphere, leading to surface warming and at times ...
magnitude and frequency
... increased flood hazard for the UK linked to more extreme precipitation events and greater winter rainfall totals by the 2080s. One study claims that past greenhouse gas emissions (the ‘human fingerprint’) have already increased the risk of major flooding events like autumn 2000. Observed records sho ...
... increased flood hazard for the UK linked to more extreme precipitation events and greater winter rainfall totals by the 2080s. One study claims that past greenhouse gas emissions (the ‘human fingerprint’) have already increased the risk of major flooding events like autumn 2000. Observed records sho ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.