Regional breakdown for IPCC AR5 WGII
... African countries are experiencing some of the world’s highest urbanization rates and the urban populations in Africa are projected to triple by 2050, increasing by 0.8 billion. As a consequence, many of Africa’s evolving cities are growing without planning and therefore have inadequate housing, lac ...
... African countries are experiencing some of the world’s highest urbanization rates and the urban populations in Africa are projected to triple by 2050, increasing by 0.8 billion. As a consequence, many of Africa’s evolving cities are growing without planning and therefore have inadequate housing, lac ...
Potentials for Adaptation to Climate Change in Human
... settlements (e.g., AIACC: see www.aiaccproject.org). A relevant historical study of effects of an urban heat wave in the U.S. is Klinenberg, 2003. Vulnerabilities of settlements to impacts of climate change vary regionally (see Box and Vignettes below), but they generally include some or many of the ...
... settlements (e.g., AIACC: see www.aiaccproject.org). A relevant historical study of effects of an urban heat wave in the U.S. is Klinenberg, 2003. Vulnerabilities of settlements to impacts of climate change vary regionally (see Box and Vignettes below), but they generally include some or many of the ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
... with sufficient stratospheric sulfate aerosol loading, backscattered insolation will cool Earth. The amount of cooling depends on the amount of aerosols and how long the aerosol cloud is maintained in the stratosphere. Many negative impacts of global warming are strongly correlated with global avera ...
... with sufficient stratospheric sulfate aerosol loading, backscattered insolation will cool Earth. The amount of cooling depends on the amount of aerosols and how long the aerosol cloud is maintained in the stratosphere. Many negative impacts of global warming are strongly correlated with global avera ...
Arctic Climate and Water Change: Information Relevance for Assessment and Adaptation Arvid Bring
... e↵orts to understand transport and origin of key waterborne constituents. Further development of monitoring cannot rely only on a reconciliation of observations and projections on where climate change will be the most severe, as they diverge in this regard. Climate model simulations of drainage basi ...
... e↵orts to understand transport and origin of key waterborne constituents. Further development of monitoring cannot rely only on a reconciliation of observations and projections on where climate change will be the most severe, as they diverge in this regard. Climate model simulations of drainage basi ...
Print - Climate Change Knowledge Portal
... events. As the climate in Ghana is strongly influenced by ENSO, this contributes to uncertainty in climate projections. Projections of precipitation changes for the Sahelian and Guinea coast regions of Africa are strongly divergent and most models fail to reproduce realistic inter‐annual and inter‐d ...
... events. As the climate in Ghana is strongly influenced by ENSO, this contributes to uncertainty in climate projections. Projections of precipitation changes for the Sahelian and Guinea coast regions of Africa are strongly divergent and most models fail to reproduce realistic inter‐annual and inter‐d ...
Impact of two different types of El Niño events on runoff over the
... Figure 2 shows the composite of annual runoff anomaly during CP- and EP-El Niño years. In the CONUS, more gaging stations show negative anomalies during CP-El Niño years whereas more stations show positive anomalies during EP-El Niño years. Specifically, during CP-El Niño years (Fig. 2a), significan ...
... Figure 2 shows the composite of annual runoff anomaly during CP- and EP-El Niño years. In the CONUS, more gaging stations show negative anomalies during CP-El Niño years whereas more stations show positive anomalies during EP-El Niño years. Specifically, during CP-El Niño years (Fig. 2a), significan ...
to US agricultural resources A review of impacts
... of climate change on agriculture. If the rate or magnitude of climate change is much greater than anticipated, adaptation could be more difficult and impacts could be greater than currently expected. Overall, the consensus of economic assessments is that global climate change of the magnitudes curre ...
... of climate change on agriculture. If the rate or magnitude of climate change is much greater than anticipated, adaptation could be more difficult and impacts could be greater than currently expected. Overall, the consensus of economic assessments is that global climate change of the magnitudes curre ...
- Wiley Online Library
... capacity, or theoretically if it were at all possible to, by preventing extreme rain events from occurring. There is potentially varying degrees of climate or environmental engineering in such adaptation options. It should also be noted that modifying natural and human systems may feedback on the lo ...
... capacity, or theoretically if it were at all possible to, by preventing extreme rain events from occurring. There is potentially varying degrees of climate or environmental engineering in such adaptation options. It should also be noted that modifying natural and human systems may feedback on the lo ...
(Un)Natural Disasters: Communicating Linkages Between Extreme
... summer was made at least five times more likely – a 500% increase in the odds of it occurring – by humancaused warming. This conclusion, using the observed temperature record and climate models, was made with more than 90% confidence (Lewis and Karoly, 2013). The 2014 UK flooding and 2013 Australian ...
... summer was made at least five times more likely – a 500% increase in the odds of it occurring – by humancaused warming. This conclusion, using the observed temperature record and climate models, was made with more than 90% confidence (Lewis and Karoly, 2013). The 2014 UK flooding and 2013 Australian ...
Article - Cerfacs
... [Mearns et al., 1999]. Statistical downscaling (SD) consists of building an empirical relationship based on observations or pseudo-observations between large-scale atmospheric predictors and the local variables necessary as input to the impact model [Wilby et al., 1998]. Then the large-scale predict ...
... [Mearns et al., 1999]. Statistical downscaling (SD) consists of building an empirical relationship based on observations or pseudo-observations between large-scale atmospheric predictors and the local variables necessary as input to the impact model [Wilby et al., 1998]. Then the large-scale predict ...
Future Climate in the Yellowstone National Park Region and Its
... and today are delimited by sharp boundaries. These differences are a local manifestation of two climate regimes that characterize the seasonal pattern of precipitation in the western U.S. (Tang & Reiter 1984; Mock 1996). The contrast between these regimes was more intense at times in the past when t ...
... and today are delimited by sharp boundaries. These differences are a local manifestation of two climate regimes that characterize the seasonal pattern of precipitation in the western U.S. (Tang & Reiter 1984; Mock 1996). The contrast between these regimes was more intense at times in the past when t ...
Ecological consequences of global climate change for freshwater
... Freshwater ecosystems are considered to be among the ecosystems most vulnerable to global climate change.1 Observational records and climate projections provide abundant evidence that freshwater resources have the potential to be strongly impacted by climate change, with wide-ranging consequences fo ...
... Freshwater ecosystems are considered to be among the ecosystems most vulnerable to global climate change.1 Observational records and climate projections provide abundant evidence that freshwater resources have the potential to be strongly impacted by climate change, with wide-ranging consequences fo ...
An ecohydrological sketch of climate change impacts on water and
... coastal dunes. For those areas it is predicted that the fraction of bare soil and non-rooting species (lichens and mosses) in the vegetation will increase when summers become drier (Kamps et al., 2008; Wegehenkel, 2009; Witte et al., 2008a). This could increase future groundwater recharge, as actual ...
... coastal dunes. For those areas it is predicted that the fraction of bare soil and non-rooting species (lichens and mosses) in the vegetation will increase when summers become drier (Kamps et al., 2008; Wegehenkel, 2009; Witte et al., 2008a). This could increase future groundwater recharge, as actual ...
CCRIF’s Economics of Climate Adaptation (ECA) Initiative Study
... We are very happy to present to our partners and stakeholders the preliminary results of this economics of climate adaptation study which we hope provide policy makers in the region with the facts and tools to incorporate climate adaptation strategies into their national disaster management regimes. ...
... We are very happy to present to our partners and stakeholders the preliminary results of this economics of climate adaptation study which we hope provide policy makers in the region with the facts and tools to incorporate climate adaptation strategies into their national disaster management regimes. ...
oceaN acidiFicatioN iN deep time oceaN acidiFicatioN iN deep time
... higher. Moreover, because of continental drift and plate tectonics, the position of the continents; the elevation, orientation, and location of mountain belts; and thus the patterns of atmospheric and oceanic circulation were likely quite different from today. Add to that profound changes in global ...
... higher. Moreover, because of continental drift and plate tectonics, the position of the continents; the elevation, orientation, and location of mountain belts; and thus the patterns of atmospheric and oceanic circulation were likely quite different from today. Add to that profound changes in global ...
PDF
... contain information regarding geospatial differences. Yet, the statistical results may be biased if regionally specific characteristics are not taken into account, such as irrigation areas (Schlenker, Hanemann and Fisher, 2005). The advantage of time series study is that it captures the impacts of c ...
... contain information regarding geospatial differences. Yet, the statistical results may be biased if regionally specific characteristics are not taken into account, such as irrigation areas (Schlenker, Hanemann and Fisher, 2005). The advantage of time series study is that it captures the impacts of c ...
Responses of vegetation distribution to climate change in China
... Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The research group used the Providing Regional Climate for Impacts Studies (PRECIS) system (Jones et al. 2004) to create highresolution (50×50 km) climate data scenarios in China for the late twenty-first century on the basis of greenhouse gas emission scena ...
... Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The research group used the Providing Regional Climate for Impacts Studies (PRECIS) system (Jones et al. 2004) to create highresolution (50×50 km) climate data scenarios in China for the late twenty-first century on the basis of greenhouse gas emission scena ...
THE IMPORTANCE OF CLIMATE AND WEATHER FOR TOURISM
... systematic changes as projected under different climate change scenarios. For example, surface and sea temperatures are generally forecast to increase, rain patterns will change with some areas becoming wetter and others driers, and the occurrence of extreme events is likely to increase. For this re ...
... systematic changes as projected under different climate change scenarios. For example, surface and sea temperatures are generally forecast to increase, rain patterns will change with some areas becoming wetter and others driers, and the occurrence of extreme events is likely to increase. For this re ...
PDF
... in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer.” The IPCC definition refers to changes in climate over time due to both natural variability as well as anthropogenic activities, as opposed to the use of the United Nations Fra ...
... in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer.” The IPCC definition refers to changes in climate over time due to both natural variability as well as anthropogenic activities, as opposed to the use of the United Nations Fra ...
Climate Change Analysis
... Table 4.1 Loss of glacier cover by watershed (1986-2000)................................................................................. 36 Table A.1 Station locations.................................................................................................................................. 5 ...
... Table 4.1 Loss of glacier cover by watershed (1986-2000)................................................................................. 36 Table A.1 Station locations.................................................................................................................................. 5 ...
John M. Pandolfi , 418 (2011); DOI: 10.1126/science.1204794
... concern that coral reefs are under threat of imminent collapse from OA. Fig. 3. Calcification response to changes in Ωarag observed in However, a considerably expanded experiments and in nature. Experiments using Ca to manipulate data set (45–51) incorporating more Ωarag and those reporting >80% mor ...
... concern that coral reefs are under threat of imminent collapse from OA. Fig. 3. Calcification response to changes in Ωarag observed in However, a considerably expanded experiments and in nature. Experiments using Ca to manipulate data set (45–51) incorporating more Ωarag and those reporting >80% mor ...
Now You “Sea” Ice, Now You Don`t
... 1. Climatic changes--Study and teaching (Secondary) 2. Human ecology--Study and teaching (Secondary) 3. Climatic changes--Study and teaching (Secondary)--Activity programs. I. Sandro, Luke H. II. Lee, Richard E. III. Title. QC981.8.C5C697 2008 577.2’20712--dc22 ...
... 1. Climatic changes--Study and teaching (Secondary) 2. Human ecology--Study and teaching (Secondary) 3. Climatic changes--Study and teaching (Secondary)--Activity programs. I. Sandro, Luke H. II. Lee, Richard E. III. Title. QC981.8.C5C697 2008 577.2’20712--dc22 ...
Heat in the Heartland - Union of Concerned Scientists
... An air mass is a large volume of air—usually hundreds to thousands of miles across—with similar temperature and humidity levels throughout. Air masses tend to take on the characteristics of the areas where they form. However, their properties can change as they move across areas with different surfa ...
... An air mass is a large volume of air—usually hundreds to thousands of miles across—with similar temperature and humidity levels throughout. Air masses tend to take on the characteristics of the areas where they form. However, their properties can change as they move across areas with different surfa ...
Suitability of European climate for the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes
... members of the European Union, located in Europe or close to it). The observations used in this study are based on updated data from December 2011. A high-resolution (25 km2) gridded climate dataset has been developed for Europe based on station measurements [18] within the EC FP6 ENSEMBLES project ...
... members of the European Union, located in Europe or close to it). The observations used in this study are based on updated data from December 2011. A high-resolution (25 km2) gridded climate dataset has been developed for Europe based on station measurements [18] within the EC FP6 ENSEMBLES project ...
Analysis of perception and adaptation to climate change in the Nile
... which assist to adapt to climate change. Adaptation to climate change is costly (Mendelson, 2004), and this cost could be revealed through the need for intensive labour use. Thus, if farmers do not have sufficient family labour or the financial means to higher labour, they can not adapt. Shortage o ...
... which assist to adapt to climate change. Adaptation to climate change is costly (Mendelson, 2004), and this cost could be revealed through the need for intensive labour use. Thus, if farmers do not have sufficient family labour or the financial means to higher labour, they can not adapt. Shortage o ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.