matter
... • Chemical reactions occur to produce a more stable product than the existing reactants – Ex: 2Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2NaCl(s) *The sodium is highly unstable and the chlorine gas is somewhat unstable. The resulting Sodium Chloride is VERY stable. **It is important to understand that the products have tota ...
... • Chemical reactions occur to produce a more stable product than the existing reactants – Ex: 2Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2NaCl(s) *The sodium is highly unstable and the chlorine gas is somewhat unstable. The resulting Sodium Chloride is VERY stable. **It is important to understand that the products have tota ...
CLASS NOTES- Balancing Chemical Equations.pptx
... in the chemical composition of matter • Creates new materials with new properties • AMOUNT of matter does not change! • Chemical equations describe a chemical reaction • Written similar to a mathematical equation/is like a ‘RECIPE’ ...
... in the chemical composition of matter • Creates new materials with new properties • AMOUNT of matter does not change! • Chemical equations describe a chemical reaction • Written similar to a mathematical equation/is like a ‘RECIPE’ ...
hc1(8)notes
... • To complete the process of writing a correct equation, the law of conservation of mass must be taken into account. • The relative amounts of reactants and products represented in the equation must be adjusted so that the numbers and types of atoms are the same on both sides of the equation. • This ...
... • To complete the process of writing a correct equation, the law of conservation of mass must be taken into account. • The relative amounts of reactants and products represented in the equation must be adjusted so that the numbers and types of atoms are the same on both sides of the equation. • This ...
17.2.3 Interhalogen compounds(65-67)
... with the presence of 10 electrons in the valency shell of the central atom (Fig. 17.7a,b). A notable feature of both structures is the slight deviation from colinearity of the apical F-X-F bonds, the angle being 175.0" for ClF3 and 172.4' for BrF3; this reflects the greater electrostatic repulsion o ...
... with the presence of 10 electrons in the valency shell of the central atom (Fig. 17.7a,b). A notable feature of both structures is the slight deviation from colinearity of the apical F-X-F bonds, the angle being 175.0" for ClF3 and 172.4' for BrF3; this reflects the greater electrostatic repulsion o ...
Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions
... 1) Assemble the correct formulas for all the reactants and products, using “+” and “→” 2) Count the number of atoms of each type appearing on both sides 3) Balance the elements one at a time by adding coefficients (the numbers in front) where you need more - save balancing the H and O until LAST! ...
... 1) Assemble the correct formulas for all the reactants and products, using “+” and “→” 2) Count the number of atoms of each type appearing on both sides 3) Balance the elements one at a time by adding coefficients (the numbers in front) where you need more - save balancing the H and O until LAST! ...
Document
... CHEMICAL EQUATION IS AN EASIER AND SHORTER WAY TO WRITE A CHEMICAL REACTION USING CHEMICAL SYMBOLS AND FORMULAS AS A SHORTCUT TO DESCRIBE A CHEMICAL REACTION ...
... CHEMICAL EQUATION IS AN EASIER AND SHORTER WAY TO WRITE A CHEMICAL REACTION USING CHEMICAL SYMBOLS AND FORMULAS AS A SHORTCUT TO DESCRIBE A CHEMICAL REACTION ...
Bacteria and Virus Research Jigsaw
... CHEMICAL EQUATION IS AN EASIER AND SHORTER WAY TO WRITE A CHEMICAL REACTION USING CHEMICAL SYMBOLS AND FORMULAS AS A SHORTCUT TO DESCRIBE A CHEMICAL REACTION ...
... CHEMICAL EQUATION IS AN EASIER AND SHORTER WAY TO WRITE A CHEMICAL REACTION USING CHEMICAL SYMBOLS AND FORMULAS AS A SHORTCUT TO DESCRIBE A CHEMICAL REACTION ...
New substances are formed by chemical reactions. When elements
... Covalent bonds Compounds formed from non-metals consist of molecules. The atoms in a molecule are joined together by covalent bonds. These bonds form when atoms share pairs of electrons. Chemical formulas The chemical formula of a compound shows how many of each type of atom join together to make th ...
... Covalent bonds Compounds formed from non-metals consist of molecules. The atoms in a molecule are joined together by covalent bonds. These bonds form when atoms share pairs of electrons. Chemical formulas The chemical formula of a compound shows how many of each type of atom join together to make th ...
Chemistry Notes
... H2O (Remember this: A balanced equation MUST have EQUAL numbers of EACH type of atom on BOTH sides of the arrow.) An equation is balanced by changing coefficients in a somewhat trial-and-error fashion. It is important to note that only the coefficients can be changed, NEVER change a subscript. The c ...
... H2O (Remember this: A balanced equation MUST have EQUAL numbers of EACH type of atom on BOTH sides of the arrow.) An equation is balanced by changing coefficients in a somewhat trial-and-error fashion. It is important to note that only the coefficients can be changed, NEVER change a subscript. The c ...
Science 10 Chem - Holy Trinity Academy
... o *electrons gain energy (heated) they may jump into next level o *once electron emits this energy, falls back down o -electrons move b/w energy levels by losing or gaining energy (usually that is a specific amount of energy) o -Electrons can’t exist in-between levels -Atoms have nucleus and elect ...
... o *electrons gain energy (heated) they may jump into next level o *once electron emits this energy, falls back down o -electrons move b/w energy levels by losing or gaining energy (usually that is a specific amount of energy) o -Electrons can’t exist in-between levels -Atoms have nucleus and elect ...
CHAPTER 1, MATTER AND CHANGE Section 1, Chemistry Is a
... chemistry, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, and theoretical chemistry. A chemical is any substance that has a definite composition. Section 2, Matter and Its Properties Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. (Use a balance.) Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Basic building ...
... chemistry, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, and theoretical chemistry. A chemical is any substance that has a definite composition. Section 2, Matter and Its Properties Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. (Use a balance.) Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Basic building ...
Chapter 7 Chemical Formulas
... *subscript 2 refers to 2 Al ions *subscript 4 refers to 4 O atoms in the sulfate ion *subscript 3 refers to everything inside the ( ), giving us 3 sulfate ions, with a total of 3 sulfur atoms and 12 oxygen atoms ...
... *subscript 2 refers to 2 Al ions *subscript 4 refers to 4 O atoms in the sulfate ion *subscript 3 refers to everything inside the ( ), giving us 3 sulfate ions, with a total of 3 sulfur atoms and 12 oxygen atoms ...
Chapter 1: The Nature of Analytical Chemistry
... species (if unknown) and the amount of each substance in a sample. ...
... species (if unknown) and the amount of each substance in a sample. ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... is called a defined medium. A defined medium can contain just a minimal set of nutrients such that the microorganism can grow only if each and every one of those nutrients is present. It is then called a minimal growth medium. The culture media known for many microorganisms are not defined media, bu ...
... is called a defined medium. A defined medium can contain just a minimal set of nutrients such that the microorganism can grow only if each and every one of those nutrients is present. It is then called a minimal growth medium. The culture media known for many microorganisms are not defined media, bu ...
A.P. Chemistry
... M = mol/L Volume in liters (be sure to convert mL L) (p. 145-147) Problem: What volume of 16 M sulfuric acid must be used to prepare 1.5 L of a 0.10 M H2SO4 solution? ...
... M = mol/L Volume in liters (be sure to convert mL L) (p. 145-147) Problem: What volume of 16 M sulfuric acid must be used to prepare 1.5 L of a 0.10 M H2SO4 solution? ...
Alkanes Chapter 1.1
... • Note: commas between numbers • Note: if there are more than one of the same branch use the prefixes di, tri, tetra, etc. ...
... • Note: commas between numbers • Note: if there are more than one of the same branch use the prefixes di, tri, tetra, etc. ...
Chapter #2-Newest CPub
... • Cannizzaro analyzed many gaseous compounds and showed that their chemical formulas could be established with a consistent scheme that used Avogadro’s hypothesis but avoided any extra assumptions about molecular formulas. • Many gaseous elements (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, chlorine, etc. ...
... • Cannizzaro analyzed many gaseous compounds and showed that their chemical formulas could be established with a consistent scheme that used Avogadro’s hypothesis but avoided any extra assumptions about molecular formulas. • Many gaseous elements (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, chlorine, etc. ...
Description: This is an advanced placement course designed to
... With the introduction in 1999 of a required laboratory-based question on the free-response section of the AP Chemistry Exam, the inclusion of appropriate experiments into each AP Chemistry course is increasingly important….. It is unlikely that every student will complete all of the 22 laboratory ex ...
... With the introduction in 1999 of a required laboratory-based question on the free-response section of the AP Chemistry Exam, the inclusion of appropriate experiments into each AP Chemistry course is increasingly important….. It is unlikely that every student will complete all of the 22 laboratory ex ...
The Chemical Earth
... mixture of thousands of different substances, many of which are useful to us if we: have an understanding of the properties of the elements and compounds that make up the Earth’s materials develop efficient processes for separating useful materials ...
... mixture of thousands of different substances, many of which are useful to us if we: have an understanding of the properties of the elements and compounds that make up the Earth’s materials develop efficient processes for separating useful materials ...
semester i - Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University
... relation and classes. Point symmetry group. Schonflies symbols, representations of groups by matrices (representation for the Cn, Cnv, Cnh, Dnh etc. groups to be worked out explicitly). Character of a representation. The great orthogonality theorem (without proof) and its importance. Character table ...
... relation and classes. Point symmetry group. Schonflies symbols, representations of groups by matrices (representation for the Cn, Cnv, Cnh, Dnh etc. groups to be worked out explicitly). Character of a representation. The great orthogonality theorem (without proof) and its importance. Character table ...
Oxidation Number Rules
... 3. The oxidation numbers of some common atoms are: a. Fluorine, the most electronegative element, is -1 in all fluorine containing compounds. b. In most oxygen containing compounds oxygen is -2. In peroxides (i.e. H2O2) each oxygen has an oxidation number of -1. In the compound OF2, the oxygen atom ...
... 3. The oxidation numbers of some common atoms are: a. Fluorine, the most electronegative element, is -1 in all fluorine containing compounds. b. In most oxygen containing compounds oxygen is -2. In peroxides (i.e. H2O2) each oxygen has an oxidation number of -1. In the compound OF2, the oxygen atom ...
Balancing ANY chemical Equation
... • Electrolytes: Substances that form ions when dissolved in solution. Electrolytes can be weak or strong. • Strong Electrolytes: Substances that completely separate into their component ions when dissolved. (All soluble ionic compounds and strong acids are strong electrolytes.) • Weak Electrolytes: ...
... • Electrolytes: Substances that form ions when dissolved in solution. Electrolytes can be weak or strong. • Strong Electrolytes: Substances that completely separate into their component ions when dissolved. (All soluble ionic compounds and strong acids are strong electrolytes.) • Weak Electrolytes: ...
Lecture 20 The Redox Sequence
... Ox1 + Red2 = Red1 + Ox2 In this case Red2 is the electron donor, passing electrons to Ox1 which is the electron acceptor. Thus Red2 is oxidized to Ox2 and Ox1 is reduced to Red1. The equilibrium constant for an oxidation-reduction reaction can be determined by combining the constants from Table 1 as ...
... Ox1 + Red2 = Red1 + Ox2 In this case Red2 is the electron donor, passing electrons to Ox1 which is the electron acceptor. Thus Red2 is oxidized to Ox2 and Ox1 is reduced to Red1. The equilibrium constant for an oxidation-reduction reaction can be determined by combining the constants from Table 1 as ...
one
... • Equilibrium – when there is no change in the concentrations of reactants and products, and reactants and products are forming ...
... • Equilibrium – when there is no change in the concentrations of reactants and products, and reactants and products are forming ...
Department of Chemistry First Year Syllabus
... students with an appreciation of the quantum mechanical basis of the Periodic Table and in turn with the ability to explain trends in the chemical behaviour of the different elements. The course moves on to provide the students an insight into chemical bonding in simple molecules and also into spect ...
... students with an appreciation of the quantum mechanical basis of the Periodic Table and in turn with the ability to explain trends in the chemical behaviour of the different elements. The course moves on to provide the students an insight into chemical bonding in simple molecules and also into spect ...
Organic chemistry
Organic chemistry is a chemistry subdiscipline involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms. Study of structure includes many physical and chemical methods to determine the chemical composition and the chemical constitution of organic compounds and materials. Study of properties includes both physical properties and chemical properties, and uses similar methods as well as methods to evaluate chemical reactivity, with the aim to understand the behavior of the organic matter in its pure form (when possible), but also in solutions, mixtures, and fabricated forms. The study of organic reactions includes probing their scope through use in preparation of target compounds (e.g., natural products, drugs, polymers, etc.) by chemical synthesis, as well as the focused study of the reactivities of individual organic molecules, both in the laboratory and via theoretical (in silico) study.The range of chemicals studied in organic chemistry include hydrocarbons (compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen), as well as myriad compositions based always on carbon, but also containing other elements, especially oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus (these, included in many organic chemicals in biology) and the radiostable elements of the halogens.In the modern era, the range extends further into the periodic table, with main group elements, including:Group 1 and 2 organometallic compounds, i.e., involving alkali (e.g., lithium, sodium, and potassium) or alkaline earth metals (e.g., magnesium)Metalloids (e.g., boron and silicon) or other metals (e.g., aluminium and tin)In addition, much modern research focuses on organic chemistry involving further organometallics, including the lanthanides, but especially the transition metals; (e.g., zinc, copper, palladium, nickel, cobalt, titanium and chromium)Finally, organic compounds form the basis of all earthly life and constitute a significant part of human endeavors in chemistry. The bonding patterns open to carbon, with its valence of four—formal single, double, and triple bonds, as well as various structures with delocalized electrons—make the array of organic compounds structurally diverse, and their range of applications enormous. They either form the basis of, or are important constituents of, many commercial products including pharmaceuticals; petrochemicals and products made from them (including lubricants, solvents, etc.); plastics; fuels and explosives; etc. As indicated, the study of organic chemistry overlaps with organometallic chemistry and biochemistry, but also with medicinal chemistry, polymer chemistry, as well as many aspects of materials science.