1 • Venus – Thick, hot, CO 2 – dominated weakly oxidizing
... • H2O photolysis produces hydrogen atoms, part of which are lost to space ("drying" of Mars). • Atmosphere of Mars is simple enough that chemistry models incorporating about 100 reactions work very well. ...
... • H2O photolysis produces hydrogen atoms, part of which are lost to space ("drying" of Mars). • Atmosphere of Mars is simple enough that chemistry models incorporating about 100 reactions work very well. ...
chapt 1 - Cantt Academy, Tahli Mohri Chowk, Rawalpindi
... Examples:Inert gases consist of monoatomic molecule i.e Helium (He) Neon (Ne) and Argon (Ar) are monoatomic molecule. ...
... Examples:Inert gases consist of monoatomic molecule i.e Helium (He) Neon (Ne) and Argon (Ar) are monoatomic molecule. ...
Chemistry 1st Semester Practice Exam
... expect to be ionic? A. H2O B. CO2 51. Which group of elements is most likely to form ions by losing one electron? ...
... expect to be ionic? A. H2O B. CO2 51. Which group of elements is most likely to form ions by losing one electron? ...
chapter 7 - chemical formulas and chemical compounds
... polyatomic ions that contain oxygen most common ion is given the ending -ate ion with one less oxygen atom ending is ite an anion with one less oxygen than the -ite anion is given the prefix hypo- an anion with one more oxygen than the -ate anion is given the ...
... polyatomic ions that contain oxygen most common ion is given the ending -ate ion with one less oxygen atom ending is ite an anion with one less oxygen than the -ite anion is given the prefix hypo- an anion with one more oxygen than the -ate anion is given the ...
CH100: Fundamentals for Chemistry
... component substances by physical means only by a chemical process The breakdown of a pure substance results in formation of new substances (i.e. chemical change) For a pure substance there is nothing to separate (its only 1 substance to begin with) ...
... component substances by physical means only by a chemical process The breakdown of a pure substance results in formation of new substances (i.e. chemical change) For a pure substance there is nothing to separate (its only 1 substance to begin with) ...
Writing Chemical Formulas and Chemical Reactions
... All chemical equations must be balanced so that they are consistent with the Law of Conservation of Mass. Here are some suggestions for balancing equations: 1. When balancing equations, always start with the “ugliest” molecule first (polyatomics). 2. To balance, place the desired number (coefficient ...
... All chemical equations must be balanced so that they are consistent with the Law of Conservation of Mass. Here are some suggestions for balancing equations: 1. When balancing equations, always start with the “ugliest” molecule first (polyatomics). 2. To balance, place the desired number (coefficient ...
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment
... with chemical reactions. (Example: Rusting of Iron; 4Fe + 3O2 → 2Fe2O3) 68.Define Oxidation number. Find the Oxidation number of a.Carbon in CO2. b.Sulfur in H2SO4. c.Phosphorus in PO43d.Manganese in MnO4269.Which of the following statements are always true? Never true? Not always true? a.A compound ...
... with chemical reactions. (Example: Rusting of Iron; 4Fe + 3O2 → 2Fe2O3) 68.Define Oxidation number. Find the Oxidation number of a.Carbon in CO2. b.Sulfur in H2SO4. c.Phosphorus in PO43d.Manganese in MnO4269.Which of the following statements are always true? Never true? Not always true? a.A compound ...
Molecules and Ions
... and type of atoms) found inside any molecule: Molecular Formula: the actual number and type of atoms in a compound, e.g. hydrogen peroxide = H2O2 Empirical Formula: the lowest whole number ratio of each type of atom in a compound e.g. hydrogen peroxide = HO ...
... and type of atoms) found inside any molecule: Molecular Formula: the actual number and type of atoms in a compound, e.g. hydrogen peroxide = H2O2 Empirical Formula: the lowest whole number ratio of each type of atom in a compound e.g. hydrogen peroxide = HO ...
Molecules and Ions
... and type of atoms) found inside any molecule: Molecular Formula: the actual number and type of atoms in a compound, e.g. hydrogen peroxide = H2O2 Empirical Formula: the lowest whole number ratio of each type of atom in a compound e.g. hydrogen peroxide = HO ...
... and type of atoms) found inside any molecule: Molecular Formula: the actual number and type of atoms in a compound, e.g. hydrogen peroxide = H2O2 Empirical Formula: the lowest whole number ratio of each type of atom in a compound e.g. hydrogen peroxide = HO ...
Balancing Chemical Reactions
... Organic Questions - 300 • Any one of 20 different organic molecules that contain a carboxyl and an amino group and that combine to form proteins ...
... Organic Questions - 300 • Any one of 20 different organic molecules that contain a carboxyl and an amino group and that combine to form proteins ...
physical change
... because it conducts electricity. Antifreeze is used in car radiators because it remains a liquid at temperatures that would freeze or boil water. Aluminum is used in foil because it is light weight yet durable and flexible. ...
... because it conducts electricity. Antifreeze is used in car radiators because it remains a liquid at temperatures that would freeze or boil water. Aluminum is used in foil because it is light weight yet durable and flexible. ...
No Slide Title - McMaster Chemistry
... conjugate BASE are both present at the same time WEAK ACID: (acetic acid a.k.a. vinegar) CH3CO2H + H2O CH3CO2- (aq) + H3O+ (aq) WEAK BASE: NH3 (g) + H2O NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) 1A03/1E03 Types of Reactions (2) ...
... conjugate BASE are both present at the same time WEAK ACID: (acetic acid a.k.a. vinegar) CH3CO2H + H2O CH3CO2- (aq) + H3O+ (aq) WEAK BASE: NH3 (g) + H2O NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) 1A03/1E03 Types of Reactions (2) ...
Chapter 2
... Let’s consider a compound containing Mg and N. • The common charge on Mg is +2 (or Mg2+). • The common charge on N is –3 (or N3-). • Since we want to make a neutral (uncharged) compound, the total charges from the cations and anions must cancel-out (or sum to zero). • Therefore, Mg needs to lose 6 e ...
... Let’s consider a compound containing Mg and N. • The common charge on Mg is +2 (or Mg2+). • The common charge on N is –3 (or N3-). • Since we want to make a neutral (uncharged) compound, the total charges from the cations and anions must cancel-out (or sum to zero). • Therefore, Mg needs to lose 6 e ...
Word - chemmybear.com
... 8. (Trick #2) When CuSO4(aq) is electrolyzed, you know that Cu° metal is going to form because copper's potential is higher than water. So, positive electrode will attract SO42- ions but SO42- can not further oxidize (full of oxygen and no more unshared pair of electrons possible for further oxidati ...
... 8. (Trick #2) When CuSO4(aq) is electrolyzed, you know that Cu° metal is going to form because copper's potential is higher than water. So, positive electrode will attract SO42- ions but SO42- can not further oxidize (full of oxygen and no more unshared pair of electrons possible for further oxidati ...
Qualitative analysis of an organic compound
... Experiment no. 3 Qualitative analysis of an organic compound Planning Research problem: Which elements build organic compound? Hypothesis: Carbon and hydrogen are present in organic compound. We will also prove if there is any nitrogen, sulphur or halogen elements in our compound. Independent variab ...
... Experiment no. 3 Qualitative analysis of an organic compound Planning Research problem: Which elements build organic compound? Hypothesis: Carbon and hydrogen are present in organic compound. We will also prove if there is any nitrogen, sulphur or halogen elements in our compound. Independent variab ...
Lecture 5 – Chemical Reactions
... Reduction reaction originally described reactions in which ionic forms of metals were converted to elemental forms by supplying them with electrons: 2Fe2O3(s) + 3C(s) → 4Fe(s) a. ...
... Reduction reaction originally described reactions in which ionic forms of metals were converted to elemental forms by supplying them with electrons: 2Fe2O3(s) + 3C(s) → 4Fe(s) a. ...
Chapter 2 power point
... 2) Oxoacid names are similar to those of the oxoanions, except for two suffix changes: -ate in the anion becomes –ic in the acid -ite in the anion becomes –ous in the acid The oxoanion prefixes hypo- and per- are retained. Thus, BrO4– is perbromate, and HBrO4 is perbromic acid; IO2– is iodite, and H ...
... 2) Oxoacid names are similar to those of the oxoanions, except for two suffix changes: -ate in the anion becomes –ic in the acid -ite in the anion becomes –ous in the acid The oxoanion prefixes hypo- and per- are retained. Thus, BrO4– is perbromate, and HBrO4 is perbromic acid; IO2– is iodite, and H ...
Grade 10 NSC Chemistry Curriculum
... sharing of electrons in the formation of a covalent bond, single, double and triple bonds electron diagrams of simple covalent molecules, names and formulae of covalent compounds. • Ionic bonding: transfer of electrons in the formation of ionic bonding, cations and anions, electron diagrams of simpl ...
... sharing of electrons in the formation of a covalent bond, single, double and triple bonds electron diagrams of simple covalent molecules, names and formulae of covalent compounds. • Ionic bonding: transfer of electrons in the formation of ionic bonding, cations and anions, electron diagrams of simpl ...
Science 1206 Unit 3 Part 1
... formula H2O and the empirical formula H2O since the atoms are already in the simplest form. Whereas hydrogen peroxide has the molecular formula H2O2 and the empirical formula HO. Polyatomic ion – an ion that consists of two or more different non-metal atoms that are joined by covalent bonds ...
... formula H2O and the empirical formula H2O since the atoms are already in the simplest form. Whereas hydrogen peroxide has the molecular formula H2O2 and the empirical formula HO. Polyatomic ion – an ion that consists of two or more different non-metal atoms that are joined by covalent bonds ...
Masterton and Hurley Chapter 4
... • When an ionic solid is dissolved in a solvent, the ions separate from each other • MgCl2 (s) → Mg2+ (aq) + 2 Cl-1 (aq) • The concentrations of ions are related to each other by the formula of the compound: • Molarity of MgCl2 = Molarity of Mg2+ • Molarity of Cl-1 = 2 X Molarity of MgCl2 • Total nu ...
... • When an ionic solid is dissolved in a solvent, the ions separate from each other • MgCl2 (s) → Mg2+ (aq) + 2 Cl-1 (aq) • The concentrations of ions are related to each other by the formula of the compound: • Molarity of MgCl2 = Molarity of Mg2+ • Molarity of Cl-1 = 2 X Molarity of MgCl2 • Total nu ...
Document
... 1. Predict the products of the double-replacement reaction and indicate the solubility of both of the products by placing the symbol "(aq)" after the soluble product and the symbol "(s)" after the insoluble product. Use the “Solubility Rules” handout (at end of notes) to determine the solubility. I ...
... 1. Predict the products of the double-replacement reaction and indicate the solubility of both of the products by placing the symbol "(aq)" after the soluble product and the symbol "(s)" after the insoluble product. Use the “Solubility Rules” handout (at end of notes) to determine the solubility. I ...
Chemistry English
... for berkelium.(锫, belongs to the Actinium(锕) series.) Exceptions: For some of 106 elements it is not possible to guess the symbol by examining the English name. For instance, the symbol for the element iron is Fe (not I or Ir). Iron, along with copper, silver, gold, sodium, potassium, lead, tin, ant ...
... for berkelium.(锫, belongs to the Actinium(锕) series.) Exceptions: For some of 106 elements it is not possible to guess the symbol by examining the English name. For instance, the symbol for the element iron is Fe (not I or Ir). Iron, along with copper, silver, gold, sodium, potassium, lead, tin, ant ...
Sample Paper Chemistry - Educomp Solutions Ltd.
... (c) The bond dissociation enthalpy of F-F bond is lower than that of Cl-Cl bond and hydration enthalpy of F− ion is much higher than that of Cl− ion. These two factors more than compensate the less negative electron gain enthalpy of F2. Thus, F2 is a stronger oxidizing agent than Cl2. ...
... (c) The bond dissociation enthalpy of F-F bond is lower than that of Cl-Cl bond and hydration enthalpy of F− ion is much higher than that of Cl− ion. These two factors more than compensate the less negative electron gain enthalpy of F2. Thus, F2 is a stronger oxidizing agent than Cl2. ...
AP Chemistry - Shoreline Public Schools
... “too easy”, and therefore not stimulated you do your very best. This will not be the case in AP Chemistry. 2. AP Chemistry should allow you to earn college credit while still enrolled in high school. This will save time and money. Some students who passed the AP Chemistry exam elect to take first ye ...
... “too easy”, and therefore not stimulated you do your very best. This will not be the case in AP Chemistry. 2. AP Chemistry should allow you to earn college credit while still enrolled in high school. This will save time and money. Some students who passed the AP Chemistry exam elect to take first ye ...
Organic chemistry
Organic chemistry is a chemistry subdiscipline involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms. Study of structure includes many physical and chemical methods to determine the chemical composition and the chemical constitution of organic compounds and materials. Study of properties includes both physical properties and chemical properties, and uses similar methods as well as methods to evaluate chemical reactivity, with the aim to understand the behavior of the organic matter in its pure form (when possible), but also in solutions, mixtures, and fabricated forms. The study of organic reactions includes probing their scope through use in preparation of target compounds (e.g., natural products, drugs, polymers, etc.) by chemical synthesis, as well as the focused study of the reactivities of individual organic molecules, both in the laboratory and via theoretical (in silico) study.The range of chemicals studied in organic chemistry include hydrocarbons (compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen), as well as myriad compositions based always on carbon, but also containing other elements, especially oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus (these, included in many organic chemicals in biology) and the radiostable elements of the halogens.In the modern era, the range extends further into the periodic table, with main group elements, including:Group 1 and 2 organometallic compounds, i.e., involving alkali (e.g., lithium, sodium, and potassium) or alkaline earth metals (e.g., magnesium)Metalloids (e.g., boron and silicon) or other metals (e.g., aluminium and tin)In addition, much modern research focuses on organic chemistry involving further organometallics, including the lanthanides, but especially the transition metals; (e.g., zinc, copper, palladium, nickel, cobalt, titanium and chromium)Finally, organic compounds form the basis of all earthly life and constitute a significant part of human endeavors in chemistry. The bonding patterns open to carbon, with its valence of four—formal single, double, and triple bonds, as well as various structures with delocalized electrons—make the array of organic compounds structurally diverse, and their range of applications enormous. They either form the basis of, or are important constituents of, many commercial products including pharmaceuticals; petrochemicals and products made from them (including lubricants, solvents, etc.); plastics; fuels and explosives; etc. As indicated, the study of organic chemistry overlaps with organometallic chemistry and biochemistry, but also with medicinal chemistry, polymer chemistry, as well as many aspects of materials science.