Global Warming and Science
... Since the base of the Pleistocene (1.8 M ya) there have been at least 30 glacial - interglacial cycles of 40,000 years to 100,000 years duration with interglacial periods warmer than now between them ...
... Since the base of the Pleistocene (1.8 M ya) there have been at least 30 glacial - interglacial cycles of 40,000 years to 100,000 years duration with interglacial periods warmer than now between them ...
Global Change and Air Quality, In: Technical challenges of multipollutant air quality management,
... In addition to ozone and PM, recent air quality policy has focused on a large number of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that can be harmful to human health. The U.S. EPA lists 187 HAPs with atmospheric lifetimes ranging from minutes to years, which determine their potential for intercontinental tran ...
... In addition to ozone and PM, recent air quality policy has focused on a large number of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that can be harmful to human health. The U.S. EPA lists 187 HAPs with atmospheric lifetimes ranging from minutes to years, which determine their potential for intercontinental tran ...
ProClim– Flash - Naturwissenschaften Schweiz
... confirms previous findings from AR4. • Risks result from a combination of hazard, exposure and vulnerability. • Generally: The warmer it gets the more nega tive impacts dominate and the higher the risks become. • Risks differ among social groups, regions, and sectors. • Adaptation can reduce ri ...
... confirms previous findings from AR4. • Risks result from a combination of hazard, exposure and vulnerability. • Generally: The warmer it gets the more nega tive impacts dominate and the higher the risks become. • Risks differ among social groups, regions, and sectors. • Adaptation can reduce ri ...
Abstracts of research articles focusing on the climate change and
... coastal rainfall can be erroneously interpreted as pollution suppression of orographic rainfall. When seashore stations are selected as required by a proper definition of the orographic ratio, increasing R0 is obtained over central Israel and an insignificant trend over the north is found. Furthermo ...
... coastal rainfall can be erroneously interpreted as pollution suppression of orographic rainfall. When seashore stations are selected as required by a proper definition of the orographic ratio, increasing R0 is obtained over central Israel and an insignificant trend over the north is found. Furthermo ...
CMIP5 Projections of Arctic Amplification, of the North American
... guess a priori, because increasing greenhouse gas concentrations over the twenty-first century are projected to cause significant changes in the global climate at all latitudes, altitudes, and scales (Stocker et al. 2013). For instance, while the lower-tropospheric temperature gradient is projected ...
... guess a priori, because increasing greenhouse gas concentrations over the twenty-first century are projected to cause significant changes in the global climate at all latitudes, altitudes, and scales (Stocker et al. 2013). For instance, while the lower-tropospheric temperature gradient is projected ...
Global response of the terrestrial biosphere to CO2 and climate
... carbon dioxide has increased by about 30% since 1860 (Figure 1). The induced positive radiative forcing tends to warm the surface. Indeed, the global temperature has risen up by 0.6C over the same period. This increase of temperature is modulated by other greenhouse gases and aerosols changes, but ...
... carbon dioxide has increased by about 30% since 1860 (Figure 1). The induced positive radiative forcing tends to warm the surface. Indeed, the global temperature has risen up by 0.6C over the same period. This increase of temperature is modulated by other greenhouse gases and aerosols changes, but ...
- Energy
... change are highly uncertain. The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, WGI, 2007) has pointed once again to myriad gaps in our understanding of the contingent and nonlinear interactions between global climate change, regional land changes, and human v ...
... change are highly uncertain. The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, WGI, 2007) has pointed once again to myriad gaps in our understanding of the contingent and nonlinear interactions between global climate change, regional land changes, and human v ...
How will climate change affect mycotoxins in food?
... in plant samples may be possible (if the relevant herbarium samples exist). For example, Fusarium graminearum DNA and deoxnivalenol could be measured in the wheat samples mentioned by Shaw et al. (2008) as the fungus is a well known pathogen and mycotoxin producer in wheat. Temperature and rainfall ...
... in plant samples may be possible (if the relevant herbarium samples exist). For example, Fusarium graminearum DNA and deoxnivalenol could be measured in the wheat samples mentioned by Shaw et al. (2008) as the fungus is a well known pathogen and mycotoxin producer in wheat. Temperature and rainfall ...
Print - Science Advances
... historical nighttime temperature data. Our individual response data come from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) pooled over the period 2002– 2011. Randomly selected respondents answered the question: “During the past 30 days, for about ...
... historical nighttime temperature data. Our individual response data come from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) pooled over the period 2002– 2011. Randomly selected respondents answered the question: “During the past 30 days, for about ...
THAILAND`S NEWSPAPERS COVERAGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE
... is rising, some parts of the world may in fact become colder. A study by Boykoffs (2007, 1191) about climate change and journalistic norms also noted that “climate change” and “global warming” are scientifically distinct; however, it can be used interchangeably1. In Thai language, “global warming”, ...
... is rising, some parts of the world may in fact become colder. A study by Boykoffs (2007, 1191) about climate change and journalistic norms also noted that “climate change” and “global warming” are scientifically distinct; however, it can be used interchangeably1. In Thai language, “global warming”, ...
SENSITIVITY OF TUNDRA CARBON BALANCE TO AMBIENT
... acrilic chamber (42 × 42 × 50 cm). Carbon dioxide fluxes at natural sun light were assumed to be an estimate of net C flux (NF). The carbon dioxide flux measured in a darkened chamber was an estimate of gross ecosystem respiration (GR). The difference between GR and NF is the gross primary productio ...
... acrilic chamber (42 × 42 × 50 cm). Carbon dioxide fluxes at natural sun light were assumed to be an estimate of net C flux (NF). The carbon dioxide flux measured in a darkened chamber was an estimate of gross ecosystem respiration (GR). The difference between GR and NF is the gross primary productio ...
i4332e09
... implications for food security and income for millions of households worldwide. The increase in average temperature that characterizes climate change is likely to generate an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme and moderate weather events resulting in additional episodic losses. This c ...
... implications for food security and income for millions of households worldwide. The increase in average temperature that characterizes climate change is likely to generate an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme and moderate weather events resulting in additional episodic losses. This c ...
Can terrestrial ectotherms escape the heat of climate change by
... Do these effects result in a latitudinal gradient in the potential to use movement to escape the fitness impacts of climate change? Temperate areas with highly seasonal temperatures will experience the greatest warming, but climate change is expected to increase the fitness of populations in these a ...
... Do these effects result in a latitudinal gradient in the potential to use movement to escape the fitness impacts of climate change? Temperate areas with highly seasonal temperatures will experience the greatest warming, but climate change is expected to increase the fitness of populations in these a ...
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration
... Few subjects have been more polarizing over the past decade than global warming. A large body of evidence CO2 concentration and temperature. An example of one demonstrates that global temperatures are rising. Eleven such correlation is shown in Figure 1. A strong connection exists between temperatur ...
... Few subjects have been more polarizing over the past decade than global warming. A large body of evidence CO2 concentration and temperature. An example of one demonstrates that global temperatures are rising. Eleven such correlation is shown in Figure 1. A strong connection exists between temperatur ...
Quantitative summer temperature reconstruction derived from a
... Received 6 October 2009 Received in revised form 2 June 2010 Accepted 14 June 2010 ...
... Received 6 October 2009 Received in revised form 2 June 2010 Accepted 14 June 2010 ...
Slow science: the value of long ocean biogeochemistry records
... cool years). If the response to a decadal climate oscillation, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) or Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), is of interest, then 20–40 years of data may be necessary to characterize the conditions of a positive and a negative phase [19,20]. For detecting climate ...
... cool years). If the response to a decadal climate oscillation, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) or Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), is of interest, then 20–40 years of data may be necessary to characterize the conditions of a positive and a negative phase [19,20]. For detecting climate ...
How will Climate Change Affect the Water Cycle?
... amount of river flows. Changes in reservoir operations can have substantial effects on streamflow, and represent potential adaptation opportunities. Although some studies have recently begun assessing the combined ...
... amount of river flows. Changes in reservoir operations can have substantial effects on streamflow, and represent potential adaptation opportunities. Although some studies have recently begun assessing the combined ...
crTanzania - University of York File Library
... temperature trend. The analysis of total annual rainfall in selected regions of Tanzania indicated that there is a decreasing trend with a greater variability in cycles. Projections in temperature and rainfall changes are well documented in a study commissioned by the Government of Tanzania (Tanzani ...
... temperature trend. The analysis of total annual rainfall in selected regions of Tanzania indicated that there is a decreasing trend with a greater variability in cycles. Projections in temperature and rainfall changes are well documented in a study commissioned by the Government of Tanzania (Tanzani ...
Land - Use/Land Cover Change as a
... U.S. Geological Survey land-cover classes for pre-1900’s natural conditions (left) and 1993 land-use patterns (right). From Marshall, C.H., Pielke Sr. R.A., Steyaert, L.T., 2003. Crop freezes and land-use change in Florida. Nature, 426, 29-30. http://blue.atmos.colostate.edu/publications/pdf/R-277. ...
... U.S. Geological Survey land-cover classes for pre-1900’s natural conditions (left) and 1993 land-use patterns (right). From Marshall, C.H., Pielke Sr. R.A., Steyaert, L.T., 2003. Crop freezes and land-use change in Florida. Nature, 426, 29-30. http://blue.atmos.colostate.edu/publications/pdf/R-277. ...
Submitted to a confernce in Forli
... Europe and the Americas more or less regularly for the last fifteen years, practising the profession for nearly thirty, and “watching over” it for the last ten as Chief Interpreter with the United Nations Office at Vienna, and I have noticed what to me is an underrating of the pragmatic aspect of co ...
... Europe and the Americas more or less regularly for the last fifteen years, practising the profession for nearly thirty, and “watching over” it for the last ten as Chief Interpreter with the United Nations Office at Vienna, and I have noticed what to me is an underrating of the pragmatic aspect of co ...
Osman-Elasha_IPCC_5AR_Adaptation needs
... Africa Specific Findings (3) Despite implementation limitations, Africa’s adaptation experiences nonetheless highlight valuable lessons for enhancing and scaling up the adaptation response, including principles for good practice and integrated approaches to adaptation (high confidence). Strengthe ...
... Africa Specific Findings (3) Despite implementation limitations, Africa’s adaptation experiences nonetheless highlight valuable lessons for enhancing and scaling up the adaptation response, including principles for good practice and integrated approaches to adaptation (high confidence). Strengthe ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.