Chapter 3
... • Wang & Liang (2009) found that daily downwelling LW increased at an average rate of 2.2 W/m2 per decade from 1973 to 2008. The rising trend results from increases in air temperature, atmospheric water vapor, and CO2 concentration. • Evans & Puckrin (2006) - an energy flux imbalance of 3.5 W/m2 has ...
... • Wang & Liang (2009) found that daily downwelling LW increased at an average rate of 2.2 W/m2 per decade from 1973 to 2008. The rising trend results from increases in air temperature, atmospheric water vapor, and CO2 concentration. • Evans & Puckrin (2006) - an energy flux imbalance of 3.5 W/m2 has ...
Atmospheric fronts in current and future climates
... New Zealand of up to 9%. The large negative biases around regions of high orography, for example, around Antarctica and Greenland, are associated with the different handling of data around regions of orography above the 850 hPa level in the models and the reanalysis, and are an artifact of the front ...
... New Zealand of up to 9%. The large negative biases around regions of high orography, for example, around Antarctica and Greenland, are associated with the different handling of data around regions of orography above the 850 hPa level in the models and the reanalysis, and are an artifact of the front ...
Introduction. Pliocene climate, processes and problems
... Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AB, UK ...
... Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AB, UK ...
Earth System interactions
... encompass the key climate processes pertaining to the Nordic and Arctic regions; (iii) include an improved description of processes that are presently considered to be highly uncertain; (iv) are computationally efficient; (v) possess advanced diagnostic tools for a detailed evaluation of model compo ...
... encompass the key climate processes pertaining to the Nordic and Arctic regions; (iii) include an improved description of processes that are presently considered to be highly uncertain; (iv) are computationally efficient; (v) possess advanced diagnostic tools for a detailed evaluation of model compo ...
Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and trophic levels
... and climatic datasets rather than the use of regionally-averaged climate data (e.g. Central ...
... and climatic datasets rather than the use of regionally-averaged climate data (e.g. Central ...
Klimatologie & Hydrologie II
... in a Changing Climate Christoph Schär and Erich Fischer Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich http://www.iac.ethz.ch/people/schaer Thanks to: Peter Brockhaus, Christoph Buser, Cathy Hohenegger, ...
... in a Changing Climate Christoph Schär and Erich Fischer Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich http://www.iac.ethz.ch/people/schaer Thanks to: Peter Brockhaus, Christoph Buser, Cathy Hohenegger, ...
DELAWARE AND THE SURGING SEA - Climate
... For its main projections, this analysis uses locally adapted scenarios from NOAA’s report to the National Climate Assessment (Parris et al 2012). For estimates based on global projections from other studies, this analysis employs the same method as Tebaldi et al (2012) to develop projections for eac ...
... For its main projections, this analysis uses locally adapted scenarios from NOAA’s report to the National Climate Assessment (Parris et al 2012). For estimates based on global projections from other studies, this analysis employs the same method as Tebaldi et al (2012) to develop projections for eac ...
Public Perception of Climate Change Adaptation
... well across wide segments of the American public [14]. Thus, health could be a strong motivating factor for individuals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to adopt adaptation measures to reduce health risks. However, it is not clear if the health frame would suffice to engage the pubic in adapta ...
... well across wide segments of the American public [14]. Thus, health could be a strong motivating factor for individuals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to adopt adaptation measures to reduce health risks. However, it is not clear if the health frame would suffice to engage the pubic in adapta ...
Mechanisms of the African monsoon: new insights from
... Eastern Atlantic Ocean plays an important role for the onset and intensity of the West African Monsoon. The Gulf of Guinea is the region of the tropical Atlantic Ocean where the variability of sea surface temperature (SST) is highest, displaying seasonal amplitudes of up to 7°C. This variability is ...
... Eastern Atlantic Ocean plays an important role for the onset and intensity of the West African Monsoon. The Gulf of Guinea is the region of the tropical Atlantic Ocean where the variability of sea surface temperature (SST) is highest, displaying seasonal amplitudes of up to 7°C. This variability is ...
Chapter 17.
... Climate change may also be affecting the polar bears in Hudson Bay and James Bay. As the top carnivores at the southern limits of their distribution, they are the “canaries in the coal mine” for regional climate change (Stirling and Derocher 1993). They require ice as a platform from which to hunt s ...
... Climate change may also be affecting the polar bears in Hudson Bay and James Bay. As the top carnivores at the southern limits of their distribution, they are the “canaries in the coal mine” for regional climate change (Stirling and Derocher 1993). They require ice as a platform from which to hunt s ...
Draft Note to the meeting of the Programme Committee on 28
... which included provisions for further “accelerated” financing for both mitigation and adaptation to climate change. The Copenhagen Accord states that “Scaled up, new and additional, predictable and adequate funding as well as improved access shall be provided to developing countries, in accordance w ...
... which included provisions for further “accelerated” financing for both mitigation and adaptation to climate change. The Copenhagen Accord states that “Scaled up, new and additional, predictable and adequate funding as well as improved access shall be provided to developing countries, in accordance w ...
Potential impacts of global climate change on freshwater fisheries
... increased likelihood of a 1–78C increase in mean global temperature within the next hundred years. The magnitude of the regional temperature increase appears to be correlated with latitude; higher latitudes are predicted to experience a larger temperature change than tropical and subtropical latitud ...
... increased likelihood of a 1–78C increase in mean global temperature within the next hundred years. The magnitude of the regional temperature increase appears to be correlated with latitude; higher latitudes are predicted to experience a larger temperature change than tropical and subtropical latitud ...
Chapter 6 _4_ - Mater Academy of International Studies
... Recognizing a Problem: Global Warming The IPCC report confirms earlier observations that global temperatures are rising. This increase in average temperature is called global warming. Winds and ocean currents, which are driven by differences in temperature across the biosphere, shape climate. The IP ...
... Recognizing a Problem: Global Warming The IPCC report confirms earlier observations that global temperatures are rising. This increase in average temperature is called global warming. Winds and ocean currents, which are driven by differences in temperature across the biosphere, shape climate. The IP ...
6.4 Meeting Ecological Challenges
... Recognizing a Problem: Global Warming The IPCC report confirms earlier observations that global temperatures are rising. This increase in average temperature is called global warming. Winds and ocean currents, which are driven by differences in temperature across the biosphere, shape climate. The IP ...
... Recognizing a Problem: Global Warming The IPCC report confirms earlier observations that global temperatures are rising. This increase in average temperature is called global warming. Winds and ocean currents, which are driven by differences in temperature across the biosphere, shape climate. The IP ...
... services that could be used to assist in the development of appropriate mitigation and preventative plans and measures. 2. Materials and Methods Six high-resolution regional climate model simulations over Africa were obtained using the Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM), for the period 1961–21 ...
The Economic Effects of Climate Change
... least-hurt by climate change—and in most cases would even benefit from a warmer climate—and the final column identifies those regions. A first area of agreement between these studies is that the welfare effect of a doubling of the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gas emissions on the current ...
... least-hurt by climate change—and in most cases would even benefit from a warmer climate—and the final column identifies those regions. A first area of agreement between these studies is that the welfare effect of a doubling of the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gas emissions on the current ...
Forced Sahel rainfall trends in the CMIP5 archive.
... background gray bars in the bottom panel. The number of available simulations di↵ers for the historical and scenario cases. The solid and dashed lines are the mean and median of the ensemble runs. agreement across the ensemble is indicated by stippling. As did CMIP3, the CMIP5 ensemble captures the ...
... background gray bars in the bottom panel. The number of available simulations di↵ers for the historical and scenario cases. The solid and dashed lines are the mean and median of the ensemble runs. agreement across the ensemble is indicated by stippling. As did CMIP3, the CMIP5 ensemble captures the ...
This is climaTe change in europe
... conservative institutions, such as the World Bank, to become outspoken on the dangers of climate change. The World Bank’s Turn Down the Heat report concludes that if the world warms by 2°C, a warming which may be reached in 20 to 30 years, there will be widespread food shortages, unprecedented heatw ...
... conservative institutions, such as the World Bank, to become outspoken on the dangers of climate change. The World Bank’s Turn Down the Heat report concludes that if the world warms by 2°C, a warming which may be reached in 20 to 30 years, there will be widespread food shortages, unprecedented heatw ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.