Treeline dynamics with climate change at the central Nepal Himalaya
... monthly mean minimum temperature was decreasing while monthly mean maximum temperature was increasing significantly (Supplementary Fig. S1). Similarly, mean annual rainfall at Larke, Gorkha, was 1252 mm (SD = 535). In Larke, during the past 30 years (1980–2009) there was a significant (n = 30, R 2 = ...
... monthly mean minimum temperature was decreasing while monthly mean maximum temperature was increasing significantly (Supplementary Fig. S1). Similarly, mean annual rainfall at Larke, Gorkha, was 1252 mm (SD = 535). In Larke, during the past 30 years (1980–2009) there was a significant (n = 30, R 2 = ...
The Economics of Climate Change Impacts: A Case Study on
... regional and state governments have begun taking more ambitious action on climate change by setting their own goals above and beyond the Kyoto Protocol and enacting a variety of GHG emissions reduction policies. Indeed, many nations and sub‐national governments have adopted the 2°C target. While ...
... regional and state governments have begun taking more ambitious action on climate change by setting their own goals above and beyond the Kyoto Protocol and enacting a variety of GHG emissions reduction policies. Indeed, many nations and sub‐national governments have adopted the 2°C target. While ...
CHAPTER 13
... barley, sugar beets, and citrus fruits. Pastures also showed increased productivity. For other crops including wheat, rice, oats, hay, sugar cane, potatoes, and tomatoes, yields are projected to increase under some conditions and decline under others. Not all agricultural regions of the United State ...
... barley, sugar beets, and citrus fruits. Pastures also showed increased productivity. For other crops including wheat, rice, oats, hay, sugar cane, potatoes, and tomatoes, yields are projected to increase under some conditions and decline under others. Not all agricultural regions of the United State ...
Hydroclimatic Variability and Predictability: A Survey of Recent
... formulate some of the first scientifically-based theories of hydrological variability (Pfister et al. 2005). Humans have long struggled, in fact, to control hydrological variations and thereby mitigate their negative impacts. Over the centuries, reservoirs have been built specifically to provide wat ...
... formulate some of the first scientifically-based theories of hydrological variability (Pfister et al. 2005). Humans have long struggled, in fact, to control hydrological variations and thereby mitigate their negative impacts. Over the centuries, reservoirs have been built specifically to provide wat ...
Global Warming & Sea Level rise
... Source: Stronger Evidence but New Challenges: Climate Change Science 2001-2005;Will Steffen; Executive Director of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) from 1998 through mid-2004 and, since then, as IGBP Chief Scientist and as Director of the Centre for Resource and Environmental S ...
... Source: Stronger Evidence but New Challenges: Climate Change Science 2001-2005;Will Steffen; Executive Director of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) from 1998 through mid-2004 and, since then, as IGBP Chief Scientist and as Director of the Centre for Resource and Environmental S ...
Conceptual framework: Definitions for key concepts
... 3.4.3 Communication of uncertainty and risk Effective risk-management strategies can results from a participatory approach in which experts explain risks and uncertainties and stakeholders explain their decision-making criteria (e.g., Jacobs, 2002). Visual tools can aid the communication of impacts, ...
... 3.4.3 Communication of uncertainty and risk Effective risk-management strategies can results from a participatory approach in which experts explain risks and uncertainties and stakeholders explain their decision-making criteria (e.g., Jacobs, 2002). Visual tools can aid the communication of impacts, ...
Science Communication - Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship Program
... different approaches, remaining flexible and surprising. With a long tradition in elite and popular culture, satire has provided an important means of offering social and political commentary while entertaining audiences. This article focuses on the role of satire in climate change debates, examinin ...
... different approaches, remaining flexible and surprising. With a long tradition in elite and popular culture, satire has provided an important means of offering social and political commentary while entertaining audiences. This article focuses on the role of satire in climate change debates, examinin ...
Climate Change and College Students
... thinking astray on the issue of global climate change, such as the distinction between weather and climate (Lombardi and Sinatra 2010). As an example, when students are asked about their views on climate change, they often recall from their personal experience very cold periods and use their recolle ...
... thinking astray on the issue of global climate change, such as the distinction between weather and climate (Lombardi and Sinatra 2010). As an example, when students are asked about their views on climate change, they often recall from their personal experience very cold periods and use their recolle ...
Cooperation Studies of Catastrophe Avoidance: Implications for
... have to reach a threshold by the end of the game to avoid catastrophe. Investments in the climate account were instead used to finance an advertisement in a large German newspaper encouraging people to reduce their fossil fuel usage to mitigate climate change. In one condition, groups were given exp ...
... have to reach a threshold by the end of the game to avoid catastrophe. Investments in the climate account were instead used to finance an advertisement in a large German newspaper encouraging people to reduce their fossil fuel usage to mitigate climate change. In one condition, groups were given exp ...
- White Rose Research Online
... ranges: one study of southeast Africa, for example, projects annual rainfall changes of ...
... ranges: one study of southeast Africa, for example, projects annual rainfall changes of ...
a case study in the Italian Alp
... relating large-scale atmospheric circulation represented by sea level pressure (SLP) fields and precipitation at Cortina. In this analog technique simultaneous observed SLP and precipitation for the fitting period are stored in a catalog. In the next step an independent set of SLP fields, e.g. anoth ...
... relating large-scale atmospheric circulation represented by sea level pressure (SLP) fields and precipitation at Cortina. In this analog technique simultaneous observed SLP and precipitation for the fitting period are stored in a catalog. In the next step an independent set of SLP fields, e.g. anoth ...
Long-Term Climate Change Commitment and Reversibility: An EMIC Intercomparison Please share
... simulation—was set to zero starting in 2300, while the radiative forcing from non-CO2 greenhouse gases was held fixed at year-2300 levels. Other forcings were held fixed at the level specified for the RCP simulations. For the GENIE model, CO2 emissions were set to zero after 2300. It should be noted ...
... simulation—was set to zero starting in 2300, while the radiative forcing from non-CO2 greenhouse gases was held fixed at year-2300 levels. Other forcings were held fixed at the level specified for the RCP simulations. For the GENIE model, CO2 emissions were set to zero after 2300. It should be noted ...
Climate Change Affirmative - St. Louis Urban Debate League
... land, and greater still in the Arctic and parts of Antarctica. The number may sound low, but as an average over the surface of an entire planet, it is actually high, which explains why much of the world’s land ice is starting to melt and the oceans are rising at an accelerating pace. The heat accumu ...
... land, and greater still in the Arctic and parts of Antarctica. The number may sound low, but as an average over the surface of an entire planet, it is actually high, which explains why much of the world’s land ice is starting to melt and the oceans are rising at an accelerating pace. The heat accumu ...
climate change and the mediterranean region
... of the Mediterranean region south of 40 or 45° N, with increases to the north of this. Even areas receiving more precipitation may get drier than today due to increased evaporation and changes in the seasonal distribution of rainfall and its intensity. As a consequence, the frequency and severity of ...
... of the Mediterranean region south of 40 or 45° N, with increases to the north of this. Even areas receiving more precipitation may get drier than today due to increased evaporation and changes in the seasonal distribution of rainfall and its intensity. As a consequence, the frequency and severity of ...
Chapter 30: The Ocean
... Global average sea surface temperatures have increased since both the beginning of the 20th Century and the 1950s (virtually certain). The average sea surface temperature (SST) of the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans has increased by 0.65, 0.41 and 0.31°C respectively over the period 1950–2009 (v ...
... Global average sea surface temperatures have increased since both the beginning of the 20th Century and the 1950s (virtually certain). The average sea surface temperature (SST) of the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans has increased by 0.65, 0.41 and 0.31°C respectively over the period 1950–2009 (v ...
The Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project
... in the observed climate record and assessing the roles of various possible contributors to those observed changes (Hegerl et al., 2010). This research is key for our understanding of anthropogenic climate change, as evidenced by a dedicated chapter in every assessment report of the Intergovernmental ...
... in the observed climate record and assessing the roles of various possible contributors to those observed changes (Hegerl et al., 2010). This research is key for our understanding of anthropogenic climate change, as evidenced by a dedicated chapter in every assessment report of the Intergovernmental ...
The Northern Edge Study Guide: Climate Change
... Sara: I had a good meeting with Bob Bromley at Ecology North. He said some very interesting things. Jim: What did he say? Sara: He said that in the past the weather was very predictable. Our Elders and hunters knew where to go to harvest what they needed and they knew how to get there safely. This i ...
... Sara: I had a good meeting with Bob Bromley at Ecology North. He said some very interesting things. Jim: What did he say? Sara: He said that in the past the weather was very predictable. Our Elders and hunters knew where to go to harvest what they needed and they knew how to get there safely. This i ...
Precipitation response of monsoon low
... 1994; Sikka, 2006; Boos et al., 2015]. In this paper we decided to examine the conditional instability of second kind (CISK) mechanism to explain the cooperative feedback between cumulus convection and the large-scale flow, as this has been proposed to play an important role for the strengthening of ...
... 1994; Sikka, 2006; Boos et al., 2015]. In this paper we decided to examine the conditional instability of second kind (CISK) mechanism to explain the cooperative feedback between cumulus convection and the large-scale flow, as this has been proposed to play an important role for the strengthening of ...
Enhancing the relevance of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways for
... 3 Global scenarios of the past decade and their use and shortcomings for IAV analyses Over the past decade, several global scenario sets for global environmental assessments were developed (van Vuuren et al. 2012a) such as the IPCC SRES (Nakicenovic et al. 2000), the Global Environmental Outlook sce ...
... 3 Global scenarios of the past decade and their use and shortcomings for IAV analyses Over the past decade, several global scenario sets for global environmental assessments were developed (van Vuuren et al. 2012a) such as the IPCC SRES (Nakicenovic et al. 2000), the Global Environmental Outlook sce ...
CCSM_Feb2006 - UCLA: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
... simulations of snow albedo feedback. Focusing on the surface component, we compared snow albedo feedback's strength in the real seasonal cycle to simulated values. They mostly fall well outside the range of the observed estimate, suggesting many models have an unrealistic snow albedo feedback. Thoug ...
... simulations of snow albedo feedback. Focusing on the surface component, we compared snow albedo feedback's strength in the real seasonal cycle to simulated values. They mostly fall well outside the range of the observed estimate, suggesting many models have an unrealistic snow albedo feedback. Thoug ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.