Cusk (Brosme brosme) and climate change: assessing the threat to
... The “delta” method was used to develop future bottom temperature projections. This approach has been widely used for climate projections in both terrestrial and marine systems (e.g. Akhtar et al., 2008; Fogarty et al., 2008; Anandhi et al., 2011). The method uses the difference between a climate var ...
... The “delta” method was used to develop future bottom temperature projections. This approach has been widely used for climate projections in both terrestrial and marine systems (e.g. Akhtar et al., 2008; Fogarty et al., 2008; Anandhi et al., 2011). The method uses the difference between a climate var ...
The climate of the UK and recent trends
... The changes in global temperature seen in Figure 1.1 could be due to a number of causes, both natural and man-made. Under the heading of natural we include the internal (chaotic) variability of the earth’s climate system and also naturallyforced changes such as cooling due to aerosol from energetic ...
... The changes in global temperature seen in Figure 1.1 could be due to a number of causes, both natural and man-made. Under the heading of natural we include the internal (chaotic) variability of the earth’s climate system and also naturallyforced changes such as cooling due to aerosol from energetic ...
Submission from the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS)
... The Concept of the GCOS Programme As an outcome of the Second World Climate Conference, the GCOS was established in 1992 to ensure that the observation and information needed to address climate‐related issues are obtained and made available to all potential users. ...
... The Concept of the GCOS Programme As an outcome of the Second World Climate Conference, the GCOS was established in 1992 to ensure that the observation and information needed to address climate‐related issues are obtained and made available to all potential users. ...
2 20 Century Portuguese Climate and Climate Scenarios
... followed by cooling in 1946-1975 and by faster warming in 1976-2000. • In the last decades, because minimum temperatures have increased at a faster rate than maximum temperatures, most stations also show a significant reduction in the diurnal temperature range. • Precipitation changes have been irre ...
... followed by cooling in 1946-1975 and by faster warming in 1976-2000. • In the last decades, because minimum temperatures have increased at a faster rate than maximum temperatures, most stations also show a significant reduction in the diurnal temperature range. • Precipitation changes have been irre ...
Archive - Ross School Senior Projects
... I had a lot of trouble deciding on a topic for my senior project. At first I wanted to do something in business because I figured that I wanted to pursue a career in business and it would help me if I could learn a little bit more about the different aspects of business while I was still in high sch ...
... I had a lot of trouble deciding on a topic for my senior project. At first I wanted to do something in business because I figured that I wanted to pursue a career in business and it would help me if I could learn a little bit more about the different aspects of business while I was still in high sch ...
Greenhouse gas emissions and the role of the Kyoto Protocol
... Hausman tests show that the FE estimation is appropriate. The coefficient of population is significant and approximately unity, implying that CO2 emissions are proportional to population. This result is consistent with that of previous studies such as York et al. (2003), Cole and Neumayer (2004) and G ...
... Hausman tests show that the FE estimation is appropriate. The coefficient of population is significant and approximately unity, implying that CO2 emissions are proportional to population. This result is consistent with that of previous studies such as York et al. (2003), Cole and Neumayer (2004) and G ...
Full-Text PDF
... to cool temperatures in the high and temperate latitudes of North America, while warming is noted for the tropical latitudes [18,19]. This can be directly and/or indirectly attributed to increases in albedo, reduction in roughness length and leaf area index due to the change of forest to crops in hi ...
... to cool temperatures in the high and temperate latitudes of North America, while warming is noted for the tropical latitudes [18,19]. This can be directly and/or indirectly attributed to increases in albedo, reduction in roughness length and leaf area index due to the change of forest to crops in hi ...
NOAA: The Heat is ON! Climate Change and Coral Reef Ecosystems
... • Anomaly animation shows ENSO status, etc. http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/index.html http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/anom_anim.html ...
... • Anomaly animation shows ENSO status, etc. http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/index.html http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/anom_anim.html ...
Coral Bleaching 101 - NSTA Learning Center
... • Anomaly animation shows ENSO status, etc. http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/index.html http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/anom_anim.html ...
... • Anomaly animation shows ENSO status, etc. http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/index.html http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/anom_anim.html ...
A 10-Year Multidisciplinary Program on the Mediterranean Water
... Mediterranean societies to increase their resilience addition to long-term trends (Mariotti 2010; Mariotti to such extreme and frequent events. Droughts can and Dell’Aquila 2012). In this context, the exposure also have very serious consequences for society with of the Mediterranean population may i ...
... Mediterranean societies to increase their resilience addition to long-term trends (Mariotti 2010; Mariotti to such extreme and frequent events. Droughts can and Dell’Aquila 2012). In this context, the exposure also have very serious consequences for society with of the Mediterranean population may i ...
Climate trends in the Arctic as observed from space
... Although the trends are spatially variable, they are mainly positive. Unusually high positive values are shown over sea ice but these are mainly in areas where the summer ice edges have been retreating in recent years. There are also some negative trends, predominantly located in parts of Siberia an ...
... Although the trends are spatially variable, they are mainly positive. Unusually high positive values are shown over sea ice but these are mainly in areas where the summer ice edges have been retreating in recent years. There are also some negative trends, predominantly located in parts of Siberia an ...
Risk of ruin paper - Institute and Faculty of Actuaries
... IPCC (2007) is a survey of existing literature – it deals with what is known and considered to be most likely to happen. For example sea level rises are projected to rise between 0.18 and 0.58m by 2099. IPCC (2007a) then goes on to say “Models used to date do not include uncertainties in climate-ca ...
... IPCC (2007) is a survey of existing literature – it deals with what is known and considered to be most likely to happen. For example sea level rises are projected to rise between 0.18 and 0.58m by 2099. IPCC (2007a) then goes on to say “Models used to date do not include uncertainties in climate-ca ...
pdf proof
... however, it remains unclear whether this is associated with higher turnover rates in those studies or with genuine declines in MGEI . Studies that have used short-term assays (<6 h) reported no change in MGE of soil microbial communities with warming14,17 , consistent with results we report here (Fi ...
... however, it remains unclear whether this is associated with higher turnover rates in those studies or with genuine declines in MGEI . Studies that have used short-term assays (<6 h) reported no change in MGE of soil microbial communities with warming14,17 , consistent with results we report here (Fi ...
Climate –carbon cycle feedback analysis, results from the C MIP
... assimilation via the Rubisco enzyme as a function of internal leaf CO2 concentration. CASA consists of up to three live vegetation pools and nine soil pools, with the rates of carbon transfer among them being climate dependent (Dickinson et al. 1998; Friedlingstein et al. 1998). Organic matter decom ...
... assimilation via the Rubisco enzyme as a function of internal leaf CO2 concentration. CASA consists of up to three live vegetation pools and nine soil pools, with the rates of carbon transfer among them being climate dependent (Dickinson et al. 1998; Friedlingstein et al. 1998). Organic matter decom ...
changing patterns of rain or power? how an idea of
... It can thus be said that this idea is currently ‘travelling’ to the Global South with pronounced force. The assumption that Africa is very likely to be at the dawn of facing an intense reshaping of how people (should) relate and adapt to a rapidly changing climate forms one of the most salient eleme ...
... It can thus be said that this idea is currently ‘travelling’ to the Global South with pronounced force. The assumption that Africa is very likely to be at the dawn of facing an intense reshaping of how people (should) relate and adapt to a rapidly changing climate forms one of the most salient eleme ...
Interaction of Land Use and Land Cover Change
... Figure 2.1 Location of the study area in China (above) and locations of 36 meteorological stations in Jiangxi and its contiguous 6 provinces used in this study (below) are shown. (Overlaid on a 90m DEM, station numbers see Table 1 in Appendix) ..............................................67 Figure ...
... Figure 2.1 Location of the study area in China (above) and locations of 36 meteorological stations in Jiangxi and its contiguous 6 provinces used in this study (below) are shown. (Overlaid on a 90m DEM, station numbers see Table 1 in Appendix) ..............................................67 Figure ...
Climate change in the UKOTs an overview of the science
... acidity of oceans changed. • The 1990s were the hottest decade on record and 1998 the hottest year on record since temperature recording began some 150 years ago. Climate change is happening at a much faster rate than originally expected. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), an asse ...
... acidity of oceans changed. • The 1990s were the hottest decade on record and 1998 the hottest year on record since temperature recording began some 150 years ago. Climate change is happening at a much faster rate than originally expected. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), an asse ...
09268001
... levels of most of these naturally occurring gases. Since the middle of the 19th century, human agriculture and industrialization have dispensed an enormous quantity of these green house gases into the atmosphere, where these have trapped enough heat to begin climate change. There are many evidences ...
... levels of most of these naturally occurring gases. Since the middle of the 19th century, human agriculture and industrialization have dispensed an enormous quantity of these green house gases into the atmosphere, where these have trapped enough heat to begin climate change. There are many evidences ...
The global land shortwave cryosphere radiative effect during the
... Hemisphere contributes about 60 % of the global LCrRE. However, non-glaciated regions in the Northern Hemisphere contribute about 32 % of the global LCrRE. Because the areal extent of seasonal snow has little “memory” beyond a year, non-glaciated component of the LCrRE can respond rapidly to climate ...
... Hemisphere contributes about 60 % of the global LCrRE. However, non-glaciated regions in the Northern Hemisphere contribute about 32 % of the global LCrRE. Because the areal extent of seasonal snow has little “memory” beyond a year, non-glaciated component of the LCrRE can respond rapidly to climate ...
A Framework for Elucidating the Temperature Dependence of Fitness.
... abstract: Climate warming is predicted to cause large-scale extinctions, particularly of ectothermic species. A striking difference between tropical and temperate ectotherms is that tropical species experience a mean habitat temperature that is closer to the temperature at which fitness is maximized ...
... abstract: Climate warming is predicted to cause large-scale extinctions, particularly of ectothermic species. A striking difference between tropical and temperate ectotherms is that tropical species experience a mean habitat temperature that is closer to the temperature at which fitness is maximized ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.