10 Cenozoic Climatic Record for Monsoonal Rainfall over the Indian
... Atmospheric carbon dioxide level is one of the major drivers responsible for the global temperature change (Lacis et al., 2010). The role of carbon dioxide as an important greenhouse gas, and its contribution towards regulation of global surface temperature has been recognized for over a century (Ar ...
... Atmospheric carbon dioxide level is one of the major drivers responsible for the global temperature change (Lacis et al., 2010). The role of carbon dioxide as an important greenhouse gas, and its contribution towards regulation of global surface temperature has been recognized for over a century (Ar ...
Recent worldwide CO2 emissions - Digging in the Clay
... own self-immolating actions on the basis that it is their duty to set an example for the world. However their actions alone can only ever give virtually undetectable reductions of World temperature, and the rest of the world is not listening. So the hysteria about catastrophic global warming is the ...
... own self-immolating actions on the basis that it is their duty to set an example for the world. However their actions alone can only ever give virtually undetectable reductions of World temperature, and the rest of the world is not listening. So the hysteria about catastrophic global warming is the ...
Case study: Guatemala - CIAT-DAPA
... 2.1 Introduction of the research area .................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Introduction of "the case"................................................................................................................ 9 2.3 General pr ...
... 2.1 Introduction of the research area .................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Introduction of "the case"................................................................................................................ 9 2.3 General pr ...
Climate Change and Security in Africa
... new conflicts. The security threat posed by climate change has caught the world’s political imagination, generating a perceptible shift in the way that a growing number of decision-makers in the North and the South are talking about the subject. The imperative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and ...
... new conflicts. The security threat posed by climate change has caught the world’s political imagination, generating a perceptible shift in the way that a growing number of decision-makers in the North and the South are talking about the subject. The imperative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and ...
A Climate Change Exposure Summary for Species and
... Climate plays a major role in determining plant and animal communities (Jacobson et al. 2009). Hence, climate change will greatly affect Maine’s ecosystems and biodiversity in many ways, possibly including (but not limited to): shifting species distributions, increasing drought stress for plant comm ...
... Climate plays a major role in determining plant and animal communities (Jacobson et al. 2009). Hence, climate change will greatly affect Maine’s ecosystems and biodiversity in many ways, possibly including (but not limited to): shifting species distributions, increasing drought stress for plant comm ...
Communicating climate change: conduits, content
... climate science and their detractors,7 – 9 and repercussions from a global recession that shifted ordinary people’s attention and priorities from saving the planet to saving money. Around 2009, there still was hope that ‘better’ climate change communication would increasingly and relatively straight ...
... climate science and their detractors,7 – 9 and repercussions from a global recession that shifted ordinary people’s attention and priorities from saving the planet to saving money. Around 2009, there still was hope that ‘better’ climate change communication would increasingly and relatively straight ...
A vulnerability driven approach to identify adverse climate and land
... greater than uncertainty from GCMs during some winter months. These recent findings also challenge the conclusions from earlier studies that the uncertainty arising from GCMs or downscaling methods often overshadows those originating from the choice of hydrologic model structure or hydrologic model p ...
... greater than uncertainty from GCMs during some winter months. These recent findings also challenge the conclusions from earlier studies that the uncertainty arising from GCMs or downscaling methods often overshadows those originating from the choice of hydrologic model structure or hydrologic model p ...
Understanding Farmers` Perceptions and Adaptations to
... options have been suggested in the literature. They encompass a wide range of scales (local, regional, global), actors (farmers, firms, government), and types: (a) micro-level options, such as crop diversification and altering the timing of operations; (b) market responses, such as income diversific ...
... options have been suggested in the literature. They encompass a wide range of scales (local, regional, global), actors (farmers, firms, government), and types: (a) micro-level options, such as crop diversification and altering the timing of operations; (b) market responses, such as income diversific ...
Climate Change Associated Sediment Yield Changes on the Rio
... spring melting of the snowpack. These changes may not only impact surface water flows, but the interaction between surface water and ground water as well. Warmer temperatures are anticipated to both drive up evaporation rates and increase the length of the growing season, contributing to lower overa ...
... spring melting of the snowpack. These changes may not only impact surface water flows, but the interaction between surface water and ground water as well. Warmer temperatures are anticipated to both drive up evaporation rates and increase the length of the growing season, contributing to lower overa ...
Adapting to Climate Change in Ottawa
... Pearson began by stating that Canada has already experienced climate change with significant warming in the west and northwest up to 2°C and cooling in the east due to the warming of the Arctic and subsequent flow of cold Arctic water along the eastern shore of Canada. Ontario lies in the boundary o ...
... Pearson began by stating that Canada has already experienced climate change with significant warming in the west and northwest up to 2°C and cooling in the east due to the warming of the Arctic and subsequent flow of cold Arctic water along the eastern shore of Canada. Ontario lies in the boundary o ...
Chapter 14 Environmental Hazards and Human Health
... Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. 2004. Impacts of a Warming Arctic— Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. New York: Cambridge University Press. http://www.acia.uaf.edu/pages/overview.html Associated Press. 2007. “California Placed Under Climate Microscope.”” MSNBC News, Dec. 30. http://www.msnbc.msn.co ...
... Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. 2004. Impacts of a Warming Arctic— Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. New York: Cambridge University Press. http://www.acia.uaf.edu/pages/overview.html Associated Press. 2007. “California Placed Under Climate Microscope.”” MSNBC News, Dec. 30. http://www.msnbc.msn.co ...
Studying Climate Change: Proxy Indicators
... • Weather: conditions at localized sites over hours or days ...
... • Weather: conditions at localized sites over hours or days ...
Climate Change and Agrarian Societies in Drylands
... rainfall to be lost in evaporation, and the intensity of tropical storms ensures that much of it runs off in floods. Water supply is not only meagre in absolute terms but also of very limited availability for human and natural uses. The other dominant characteristic of dryland climates is substantia ...
... rainfall to be lost in evaporation, and the intensity of tropical storms ensures that much of it runs off in floods. Water supply is not only meagre in absolute terms but also of very limited availability for human and natural uses. The other dominant characteristic of dryland climates is substantia ...
On the Importance of Strengthening Moderate Beliefs in Climate
... denial to conviction [1]. The extent of beliefs, in turn, is related to behavioral intentions. Two studies have shown that the extent to which an individual believes in climate change is positively correlated to the amount of adaptive measures undertaken by farmers [21] and forest owners [22]. Also ...
... denial to conviction [1]. The extent of beliefs, in turn, is related to behavioral intentions. Two studies have shown that the extent to which an individual believes in climate change is positively correlated to the amount of adaptive measures undertaken by farmers [21] and forest owners [22]. Also ...
Top-down vs bottom-up - working paper version
... for calculating countries’ fair shares of the global effort to mitigate climate change. The practical relevance of top-down proposals has become increasingly uncertain as climate change negotiations since the 2009 Copenhagen Accord have adopted a ‘bottom-up’ or ‘pledge-andreview’ approach that allow ...
... for calculating countries’ fair shares of the global effort to mitigate climate change. The practical relevance of top-down proposals has become increasingly uncertain as climate change negotiations since the 2009 Copenhagen Accord have adopted a ‘bottom-up’ or ‘pledge-andreview’ approach that allow ...
Can actuaries really afford to ignore climate
... We have predicted a wide range of increases in mean claim costs from bushfire, cyclones and riverine floods. This wide range reflects the uncertainty in the level of future emissions, the lack of certainty on the impact of climate change on natural perils in Australia, and calls for further climat ...
... We have predicted a wide range of increases in mean claim costs from bushfire, cyclones and riverine floods. This wide range reflects the uncertainty in the level of future emissions, the lack of certainty on the impact of climate change on natural perils in Australia, and calls for further climat ...
The Promises and Perils of Geoengineering
... scientists are betting on the genetic engineering of crop varieties with more-reflective leaves. If deployed on large enough a scale, such an innovation could reflect some measurable amount of solar radiation directly back into space. Other ideas include the creation of oceanic foams or the addition ...
... scientists are betting on the genetic engineering of crop varieties with more-reflective leaves. If deployed on large enough a scale, such an innovation could reflect some measurable amount of solar radiation directly back into space. Other ideas include the creation of oceanic foams or the addition ...
Carbon and climate system coupling on timescales from the
... the wavelength spectrum, and the climate potency of CO2, CH4 and other radiative gases (N2O, chlorofluorocarbons) arises because they can absorb radiation in those windows. As atmospheric CO2 levels grow, CO2 absorption begins to saturate specific bands, increasing the mean elevation at which infrar ...
... the wavelength spectrum, and the climate potency of CO2, CH4 and other radiative gases (N2O, chlorofluorocarbons) arises because they can absorb radiation in those windows. As atmospheric CO2 levels grow, CO2 absorption begins to saturate specific bands, increasing the mean elevation at which infrar ...
Scenario
... The FTA employed emission scenarios developed by the IPCC’s Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES 2000) to project future climate change from 1990 (the base year for each scenario) through 2100. The dominant characteristics of the “storylines” used in the SRES are shown in Table 1. These chara ...
... The FTA employed emission scenarios developed by the IPCC’s Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES 2000) to project future climate change from 1990 (the base year for each scenario) through 2100. The dominant characteristics of the “storylines” used in the SRES are shown in Table 1. These chara ...
Community Adaptation Plan Port Antonio, Jamaica
... The earth is getting warmer. Over the past hundred years, the earth’s average temperature has gone up by approximately 0.8°C or 1.5°F. The earth has got warmer in the past, but what is different this time is that it is warming much faster now, and the changes we are seeing are bigger than before. Th ...
... The earth is getting warmer. Over the past hundred years, the earth’s average temperature has gone up by approximately 0.8°C or 1.5°F. The earth has got warmer in the past, but what is different this time is that it is warming much faster now, and the changes we are seeing are bigger than before. Th ...
Nitrogen deposition: how important is it for global
... emissions alone are between 25 and 40 TgN yr−1 for the year 2000 and 60–100 TgN yr−1 by 2100 (Lamarque et al., 2005). Global carbon budget studies suggest that the global terrestrial ecosystem has remained a large sink of carbon in recent decades, despite a widespread deforestation-related flux of c ...
... emissions alone are between 25 and 40 TgN yr−1 for the year 2000 and 60–100 TgN yr−1 by 2100 (Lamarque et al., 2005). Global carbon budget studies suggest that the global terrestrial ecosystem has remained a large sink of carbon in recent decades, despite a widespread deforestation-related flux of c ...
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... A newly identified robust feature in model simulations of tropical precipitation over oceans gives medium confidence that annual precipitation change follows a ‘warmer-get-wetter’ pattern, increasing where warming of sea surface temperature exceeds the tropical mean and vice versa. There is medium c ...
... A newly identified robust feature in model simulations of tropical precipitation over oceans gives medium confidence that annual precipitation change follows a ‘warmer-get-wetter’ pattern, increasing where warming of sea surface temperature exceeds the tropical mean and vice versa. There is medium c ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.