Information communication technologies for sustainable development
... Climate Change “The observed increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) since the preindustrial era has most likely committed the world to a warming of 2.4°C (1.4°C to 4.3°C) above the preindustrial surface temperatures. The committed warming is inferred from the most recent Intergove ...
... Climate Change “The observed increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) since the preindustrial era has most likely committed the world to a warming of 2.4°C (1.4°C to 4.3°C) above the preindustrial surface temperatures. The committed warming is inferred from the most recent Intergove ...
The Long-Run Effects of Climate Change on Conflict
... technology can mitigate the reduction, then for two regions with the same temperature today, the one that was warmer in the past will have technology that is more suitable for higher temperatures and thus experience a smaller reduction from the contemporaneously high temperatures. The underlying eco ...
... technology can mitigate the reduction, then for two regions with the same temperature today, the one that was warmer in the past will have technology that is more suitable for higher temperatures and thus experience a smaller reduction from the contemporaneously high temperatures. The underlying eco ...
Discourse analysis of media coverage of climate change
... Though the issue of climate change became prominent in the 1980s, the previous article, printed in the New York Times on December 18, 1938, suggests the issue is not new at all. The same article notes scientists had observed increasing temperatures in the United States starting from the year 1929. R ...
... Though the issue of climate change became prominent in the 1980s, the previous article, printed in the New York Times on December 18, 1938, suggests the issue is not new at all. The same article notes scientists had observed increasing temperatures in the United States starting from the year 1929. R ...
The Socio-Economic Impact of Sea Level Rise in the Galveston Bay
... variability of relevant quantities over several decades or the "average weather", due to natural inconsistencies or human activities. The quantities are usually surface variables including temperature, precipitation, and wind (IPCC 1995, IPCC AR-4, 2007). Climate change is a change in climate quanti ...
... variability of relevant quantities over several decades or the "average weather", due to natural inconsistencies or human activities. The quantities are usually surface variables including temperature, precipitation, and wind (IPCC 1995, IPCC AR-4, 2007). Climate change is a change in climate quanti ...
The non-synchronous response of Rabots Glacia¨r and Storglacia
... glaciers. Instead it implies that these regions of the glaciers respond instantaneously to mass-balance perturbations, whereas in reality changes in geometry upstream of the boundary would result in changes in volume flux that would propagate more slowly through each glacier. Consequently, to minimi ...
... glaciers. Instead it implies that these regions of the glaciers respond instantaneously to mass-balance perturbations, whereas in reality changes in geometry upstream of the boundary would result in changes in volume flux that would propagate more slowly through each glacier. Consequently, to minimi ...
Adapting to climate change
... our complex climate. There are assumptions and uncertainties in any work of this kind, but these Projections represent strong and credible climate science. They begin to quantify the uncertainties we face and so will help us to understand the risks that lie ahead. The Projections show – through thre ...
... our complex climate. There are assumptions and uncertainties in any work of this kind, but these Projections represent strong and credible climate science. They begin to quantify the uncertainties we face and so will help us to understand the risks that lie ahead. The Projections show – through thre ...
Climate Change and the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary
... abundant. Upper trophic-level species, like cetaceans (Section 4.11) and seabirds (Section 4.9), may have some capacity to adapt to these changes by altering their feeding behavior and targeting new or more abundant species. Even in instances in which conditions during El Nino-Southern Oscillation ( ...
... abundant. Upper trophic-level species, like cetaceans (Section 4.11) and seabirds (Section 4.9), may have some capacity to adapt to these changes by altering their feeding behavior and targeting new or more abundant species. Even in instances in which conditions during El Nino-Southern Oscillation ( ...
Assessment of Climate Variability Impact on Water Resources within
... influence the spatial distribution and availability of natural resources, ecosystems, and human economy (American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2007). The IPCC described climate change as a significant long-term shift or change in weather conditions identified by changes in temp ...
... influence the spatial distribution and availability of natural resources, ecosystems, and human economy (American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2007). The IPCC described climate change as a significant long-term shift or change in weather conditions identified by changes in temp ...
Tipping elements and climate-economic shocks: Pathways toward
... 2014], or ‘abrupt impacts’ [National Research Council, 2002, 2013], large-scale, non-linear shifts in the Earth system are often identified as a reason for concern about climate change [Oppenheimer et al., 2014] and a potential trigger of major economic losses, often described as ‘economic catastrop ...
... 2014], or ‘abrupt impacts’ [National Research Council, 2002, 2013], large-scale, non-linear shifts in the Earth system are often identified as a reason for concern about climate change [Oppenheimer et al., 2014] and a potential trigger of major economic losses, often described as ‘economic catastrop ...
Climate change implications for New Zealand
... cannot be, although we generally know the direction of the change. For example, we know that sea level will continue to rise for centuries and that heavy rainfall will become more frequent7, but that the amount of change is still uncertain. In a nutshell, the challenge for decision makers is that th ...
... cannot be, although we generally know the direction of the change. For example, we know that sea level will continue to rise for centuries and that heavy rainfall will become more frequent7, but that the amount of change is still uncertain. In a nutshell, the challenge for decision makers is that th ...
IPCC WGI AR5 Chapter Template
... trends. As one example, the rate of warming over the past 15 years (1998–2012; 0.05 [–0.05 to 0.15] °C per decade), which begins with a strong El Niño, is smaller than the rate calculated since 1951 (1951–2012; 0.12 [0.08 to 0.14] °C per decade). {1.1.1, Box 1.1} Ocean warming dominates the increase ...
... trends. As one example, the rate of warming over the past 15 years (1998–2012; 0.05 [–0.05 to 0.15] °C per decade), which begins with a strong El Niño, is smaller than the rate calculated since 1951 (1951–2012; 0.12 [0.08 to 0.14] °C per decade). {1.1.1, Box 1.1} Ocean warming dominates the increase ...
Australia - Met Office
... climate has changed and will continue to change in future in response to human activities. Across the world, this is already being felt as changes to the local weather that people experience every day. Our ability to provide useful information to help everyone understand how their environment has ch ...
... climate has changed and will continue to change in future in response to human activities. Across the world, this is already being felt as changes to the local weather that people experience every day. Our ability to provide useful information to help everyone understand how their environment has ch ...
Special Interests and the Media
... available facts. In a model with a general discrete signal and message space, reputational concerns lead to an endogenous limit on the amount of information that the journalist can communicate in equilibrium. The reason is that a captured journalist wants to make a very informative report, which mea ...
... available facts. In a model with a general discrete signal and message space, reputational concerns lead to an endogenous limit on the amount of information that the journalist can communicate in equilibrium. The reason is that a captured journalist wants to make a very informative report, which mea ...
Special Interests and the Media: Theory and an Application to Climate Change Seminar is joint with Political Economy.
... available facts. In a model with a general discrete signal and message space, reputational concerns lead to an endogenous limit on the amount of information that the journalist can communicate in equilibrium. The reason is that a captured journalist wants to make a very informative report, which mea ...
... available facts. In a model with a general discrete signal and message space, reputational concerns lead to an endogenous limit on the amount of information that the journalist can communicate in equilibrium. The reason is that a captured journalist wants to make a very informative report, which mea ...
Trends and variability in rain-on-snow events
... Greenland, Spitsbergen, and Solberg [Putkonen and Roe, 2003]. These high-latitude locations are one of the most sensitive regions of the climate system. The study of these events is complex because meteorological station data are sparse and uncertain, as many of them are not manned [Rennert et al., ...
... Greenland, Spitsbergen, and Solberg [Putkonen and Roe, 2003]. These high-latitude locations are one of the most sensitive regions of the climate system. The study of these events is complex because meteorological station data are sparse and uncertain, as many of them are not manned [Rennert et al., ...
Flowering time of butterfly nectar food plants is more
... systematic tendency to sample early/late flying/flowering individuals in warm or cold years). While this certainly represents a source of variance that might influence our power to detect differences, we have no reason to suspect any systematic bias in our estimates of phenology or temperature sensi ...
... systematic tendency to sample early/late flying/flowering individuals in warm or cold years). While this certainly represents a source of variance that might influence our power to detect differences, we have no reason to suspect any systematic bias in our estimates of phenology or temperature sensi ...
Accessing and Using Climate Data and Information in Fragile, Data
... humidity, precipitation (a general term that includes rain, snow, sleet and hail), and wind. Weather conditions tend to be organized into distinct features known as weather systems. Weather systems are patterns of weather that can vary in duration and spatial extent. They can be very localized and s ...
... humidity, precipitation (a general term that includes rain, snow, sleet and hail), and wind. Weather conditions tend to be organized into distinct features known as weather systems. Weather systems are patterns of weather that can vary in duration and spatial extent. They can be very localized and s ...
Climate Change Impacts On Rainfed Corn Production In
... and 2090s. Probability assessment of bounded range with known distributions is used to deal with the uncertainties of GCMs’ outputs. These GCMs outputs are weighted by considering the ability of each model to simulate historical records. AquaCrop, a new model developed by FAO that simulates the crop ...
... and 2090s. Probability assessment of bounded range with known distributions is used to deal with the uncertainties of GCMs’ outputs. These GCMs outputs are weighted by considering the ability of each model to simulate historical records. AquaCrop, a new model developed by FAO that simulates the crop ...
AdApting to climAte chAnge: A Business ApproAch
... in Western Montana—near Glacier National Park where the area covered by glaciers has dropped by nearly three quarters since 1850—have in recent years suffered from lack of snow. The Washington Post in 2006 reported that the owner of a ski resort in Montana was trying to persuade the United States Fo ...
... in Western Montana—near Glacier National Park where the area covered by glaciers has dropped by nearly three quarters since 1850—have in recent years suffered from lack of snow. The Washington Post in 2006 reported that the owner of a ski resort in Montana was trying to persuade the United States Fo ...
Major Tipping Points in the Earth`s Climate System
... impacts with increasing temperature. The reality, however, is that climate change is unlikely to be a smooth transition into the future and that there are a number of thresholds along the way that are likely to result in significant step changes in the level of impacts once triggered. The existence ...
... impacts with increasing temperature. The reality, however, is that climate change is unlikely to be a smooth transition into the future and that there are a number of thresholds along the way that are likely to result in significant step changes in the level of impacts once triggered. The existence ...
The Third Oregon Climate Assessment Report
... square miles of wildfire burned area in the western United States during 1984–2015, contributed to the 2014–2015 snow drought in Oregon through warmer temperatures, and made Oregon’s coastal waters more acidic in 2013. The 2015 snow drought foreshadows mid-century normal conditions Oregon’s warmest ...
... square miles of wildfire burned area in the western United States during 1984–2015, contributed to the 2014–2015 snow drought in Oregon through warmer temperatures, and made Oregon’s coastal waters more acidic in 2013. The 2015 snow drought foreshadows mid-century normal conditions Oregon’s warmest ...
Report
... impacts with increasing temperature. The reality, however, is that climate change is unlikely to be a smooth transition into the future and that there are a number of thresholds along the way that are likely to result in significant step changes in the level of impacts once triggered. The existence ...
... impacts with increasing temperature. The reality, however, is that climate change is unlikely to be a smooth transition into the future and that there are a number of thresholds along the way that are likely to result in significant step changes in the level of impacts once triggered. The existence ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.