Document
... some already arid regions, wetting some humid regions, enhancing seasonality in many areas, and concentrating rainfall into shorter but more intense spells. As a result, projections of future changes in climate and the hydrological cycle indicate that the population exposed to hydrological risks wil ...
... some already arid regions, wetting some humid regions, enhancing seasonality in many areas, and concentrating rainfall into shorter but more intense spells. As a result, projections of future changes in climate and the hydrological cycle indicate that the population exposed to hydrological risks wil ...
2017 Resolution #2 - Rotary Model UN Program
... Noting further that the U.S. Defense Department’s (Pentagon) Quadrennial Defense Review in 2014 highlights climate change as a national security issue - Climate change may exacerbate water scarcity and lead to sharp increases in food costs. The pressures caused by climate change will influence resou ...
... Noting further that the U.S. Defense Department’s (Pentagon) Quadrennial Defense Review in 2014 highlights climate change as a national security issue - Climate change may exacerbate water scarcity and lead to sharp increases in food costs. The pressures caused by climate change will influence resou ...
Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change
... al., 1997, 1999, 2001). Subsequently, Reduced-Space Optimal Interpolation (RSOI) has been used to infill incomplete and noisy fields and to provide local error estimates (Kaplan et al., 1997; Rayner et al., 2003). Optimal averaging (OA) yields large-area averages with error-bars (Folland et al., 200 ...
... al., 1997, 1999, 2001). Subsequently, Reduced-Space Optimal Interpolation (RSOI) has been used to infill incomplete and noisy fields and to provide local error estimates (Kaplan et al., 1997; Rayner et al., 2003). Optimal averaging (OA) yields large-area averages with error-bars (Folland et al., 200 ...
Tropical vs. extratropical terrestrial CO2 uptake and implications for
... 2) Available estimates suggest a strong CO2 effect and negative feedback to climate change, but with significant caveats 3) There is a strong need to resolve discrepancies between atmospheric inverse model estimates 4) Ongoing work to apply HIPPO Global Campaign CO2 measurements to validate state-of ...
... 2) Available estimates suggest a strong CO2 effect and negative feedback to climate change, but with significant caveats 3) There is a strong need to resolve discrepancies between atmospheric inverse model estimates 4) Ongoing work to apply HIPPO Global Campaign CO2 measurements to validate state-of ...
Community Climate Adaptation Planning
... Remember our motto: “Imitation is the highest form of flattery.” ...
... Remember our motto: “Imitation is the highest form of flattery.” ...
ClimateBC: Your Access to Interpolated Climate Data for BC
... the wet cool Sub-Boreal Spruce unit (SBSwk1) in the Central Interior of BC on the west side of the Quesnel Highlands and on the MacGregor Plateau. Conditions vary within a unit for any one variable, with precipitation showing the greatest range. Most of this variability is to be expected, but some m ...
... the wet cool Sub-Boreal Spruce unit (SBSwk1) in the Central Interior of BC on the west side of the Quesnel Highlands and on the MacGregor Plateau. Conditions vary within a unit for any one variable, with precipitation showing the greatest range. Most of this variability is to be expected, but some m ...
The climate debate in the USA - The Global Warming Policy
... The key concern of the UNFCCC is the extent to which President Obama’s climate commitment is enforceable. In the absence of state and Congressional support, the plan is being enforced through the Executive Branch via the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). There are ongoing legal challenges, but ...
... The key concern of the UNFCCC is the extent to which President Obama’s climate commitment is enforceable. In the absence of state and Congressional support, the plan is being enforced through the Executive Branch via the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). There are ongoing legal challenges, but ...
Role of Ocean in Global Warming - J
... the downward penetration of heat below the mixed layer was expressed as vertical diffusion. In the actual ocean, however, heat is transported downward not only by small scale eddies and convection but also by three-dimensional, large-scale circulation. This is why it is not appropriate to express oc ...
... the downward penetration of heat below the mixed layer was expressed as vertical diffusion. In the actual ocean, however, heat is transported downward not only by small scale eddies and convection but also by three-dimensional, large-scale circulation. This is why it is not appropriate to express oc ...
FPL104
... • Significant climate change impacts are projected, and the impacts expected within the next few decades are largely unavoidable. • Decisions with long-term impacts are being made every day. Today’s choices will shape tomorrow’s vulnerabilities. • Significant time is required to motivate and develop ...
... • Significant climate change impacts are projected, and the impacts expected within the next few decades are largely unavoidable. • Decisions with long-term impacts are being made every day. Today’s choices will shape tomorrow’s vulnerabilities. • Significant time is required to motivate and develop ...
Global climate evolution during the last deglaciation
... ice cores shown in (A) (placed on the GICC05 timescale; ref. 57) document millennial-scale events that correspond to those first identified in northern European floral and pollen records. LGM, Last Glacial Maximum; OD, Oldest Dryas; BA, Bølling–Allerød; ACR, Antarctic Cold Reversal; YD, Younger Drya ...
... ice cores shown in (A) (placed on the GICC05 timescale; ref. 57) document millennial-scale events that correspond to those first identified in northern European floral and pollen records. LGM, Last Glacial Maximum; OD, Oldest Dryas; BA, Bølling–Allerød; ACR, Antarctic Cold Reversal; YD, Younger Drya ...
2016/03/PR PRESS RELEASE 14 April 2016 IPCC agrees special
... models; it assesses the thousands of scientific papers published each year to tell policymakers what we know and don’t know about the risks related to climate change. The IPCC identifies where there is agreement in the scientific community, where there are differences of opinion, and where further r ...
... models; it assesses the thousands of scientific papers published each year to tell policymakers what we know and don’t know about the risks related to climate change. The IPCC identifies where there is agreement in the scientific community, where there are differences of opinion, and where further r ...
full-book-review - Institute for Environmental Entrepreneurship
... discussing a one-off issue unless it is very clearly part of a longer term global climatic pattern that can be explained by sound scientific theory and research. Thus, the authors talk about climate change and its effects on similar time scales with few exceptions. In Eaarth, Bill McKibben focuses o ...
... discussing a one-off issue unless it is very clearly part of a longer term global climatic pattern that can be explained by sound scientific theory and research. Thus, the authors talk about climate change and its effects on similar time scales with few exceptions. In Eaarth, Bill McKibben focuses o ...
Hayden,Katy_Coal Impacts on Global Climate
... consumption levels at a constant rate for the next 5 years and then decline by merely 1% per year, the current coal reserves could hold out until 2075. There is an alternative scenario to the world reducing its coal use, one that holds a negative result for the goal of staying below 1˚ of global war ...
... consumption levels at a constant rate for the next 5 years and then decline by merely 1% per year, the current coal reserves could hold out until 2075. There is an alternative scenario to the world reducing its coal use, one that holds a negative result for the goal of staying below 1˚ of global war ...
A safe climate scenario
... we are experiencing now (2013) are the result of full warming from about 1980. This is because it takes a number of decades for any particular quantity of greenhouse gases to fully heat the upper layers of the oceans that dominate the temperature of the atmosphere. So unless a lot of CO2 is taken ou ...
... we are experiencing now (2013) are the result of full warming from about 1980. This is because it takes a number of decades for any particular quantity of greenhouse gases to fully heat the upper layers of the oceans that dominate the temperature of the atmosphere. So unless a lot of CO2 is taken ou ...
Thermal Physiology, Disease, and Amphibian Declines on the
... and the strength of Central Pacific El Niño episodes may exacerbate amphibian declines caused by disease. This hypothesis assumes that increased temperature variability driven by climate warming can depress immunity in amphibians, making them more susceptible to Bd or other infections (Raffel et al ...
... and the strength of Central Pacific El Niño episodes may exacerbate amphibian declines caused by disease. This hypothesis assumes that increased temperature variability driven by climate warming can depress immunity in amphibians, making them more susceptible to Bd or other infections (Raffel et al ...
The Development Perspective of the ECE Region
... as an important foundation for climate change action. Strategy for Education for Sustainable Development integrates key themes of sustainable development, including climate change, into all education systems. ESD offers an essential way to shape knowledge and attitudes. Environment Performance Revie ...
... as an important foundation for climate change action. Strategy for Education for Sustainable Development integrates key themes of sustainable development, including climate change, into all education systems. ESD offers an essential way to shape knowledge and attitudes. Environment Performance Revie ...
Mountain weather and climate: A general overview and a focus on
... (NO2), hydrocarbons and sunlight. Whereas nitrogen dioxide (NO2) participates in the formation of ozone, nitrogen oxide (NO) destroys ozone to form oxygen (O2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). For this reason, ozone levels are not as high in urban zones (where high levels of NO are emitted from vehicles) ...
... (NO2), hydrocarbons and sunlight. Whereas nitrogen dioxide (NO2) participates in the formation of ozone, nitrogen oxide (NO) destroys ozone to form oxygen (O2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). For this reason, ozone levels are not as high in urban zones (where high levels of NO are emitted from vehicles) ...
By Chris Maloney Mentors: Tom Woods, Odele Coddington, Peter Pilewskie, Andrew Kren
... • Regions have specific dynamics that can be included into the regression model • Appears to be a quasi two year cycle which dominates temperature variations. a) North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) or Quasi Biannual Oscillations (QBO) in the stratosphere are two possibilities • Slower oscillating compo ...
... • Regions have specific dynamics that can be included into the regression model • Appears to be a quasi two year cycle which dominates temperature variations. a) North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) or Quasi Biannual Oscillations (QBO) in the stratosphere are two possibilities • Slower oscillating compo ...
Document
... ‘discourses’ surrounding climate change that emerge in this debate within the community. Amongst the scientific community there is strong consensus that global temperatures have increased and attributable to human induced emissions of greenhouse gases. This viewpoint has been dominated by the Interg ...
... ‘discourses’ surrounding climate change that emerge in this debate within the community. Amongst the scientific community there is strong consensus that global temperatures have increased and attributable to human induced emissions of greenhouse gases. This viewpoint has been dominated by the Interg ...
On the Catallactics of Global Warming and Environmental Futurism
... adapt to climate change with one whose “alternative” energy supply experiences an initial price shock before adopting an equally unprecedented configuration. Whether mitigation is worth undertaking is therefore not at all an environmental question but rather an entirely economic one. The mitigation- ...
... adapt to climate change with one whose “alternative” energy supply experiences an initial price shock before adopting an equally unprecedented configuration. Whether mitigation is worth undertaking is therefore not at all an environmental question but rather an entirely economic one. The mitigation- ...
global temperature trends
... The GMST has risen in the past fifteen years at a rate that is only onethird to one-half of the average over the second half of the twentieth century (see, for example, refs 1–5). This hiatus is not reproduced in most simulations with present-generation climate models, which instead over the period ...
... The GMST has risen in the past fifteen years at a rate that is only onethird to one-half of the average over the second half of the twentieth century (see, for example, refs 1–5). This hiatus is not reproduced in most simulations with present-generation climate models, which instead over the period ...
Climate Change and the Cryosphere
... Southern Hemisphere: Antarctic sea ice extent was much above average during all of 2014. When averaged for the entire year, it was the largest Antarctic sea ice extent on record.6 Why are changes in the cryosphere important? (1) Loss of glaciers and ice sheets, through either melting or calving int ...
... Southern Hemisphere: Antarctic sea ice extent was much above average during all of 2014. When averaged for the entire year, it was the largest Antarctic sea ice extent on record.6 Why are changes in the cryosphere important? (1) Loss of glaciers and ice sheets, through either melting or calving int ...
Three views of two degrees - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact
... W.D. Nordhaus, in a graph published in a Cowles foundation discussion paper (Fig. 1). There he claimed: ‘‘As a first approximation, it seems reasonable to argue that the climatic effects of carbon dioxide should be kept within the normal range of long-term climatic variation. According to most sourc ...
... W.D. Nordhaus, in a graph published in a Cowles foundation discussion paper (Fig. 1). There he claimed: ‘‘As a first approximation, it seems reasonable to argue that the climatic effects of carbon dioxide should be kept within the normal range of long-term climatic variation. According to most sourc ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.