Paleoclimate Implications for Human
... crust. India was the only land area located far from its current location at the beginning of the Cenozoic. The Indian plate was still south of the Equator, but moving northward at a rate of about 20 cm per year (Kumar et al., 2007), a rapid continental drift rate. The Indian plate moved toward and ...
... crust. India was the only land area located far from its current location at the beginning of the Cenozoic. The Indian plate was still south of the Equator, but moving northward at a rate of about 20 cm per year (Kumar et al., 2007), a rapid continental drift rate. The Indian plate moved toward and ...
Experimental warming causes rapid loss of plant
... (Fig. 2b), indicating that this diverse assemblage responds to temperature change as a zone, rather than according to species-specific climate preferences. Climate models predict increases in New England summer air temperatures of 3.3–7.8 C by the end of the century (Frumhoff et al. 2007). The expe ...
... (Fig. 2b), indicating that this diverse assemblage responds to temperature change as a zone, rather than according to species-specific climate preferences. Climate models predict increases in New England summer air temperatures of 3.3–7.8 C by the end of the century (Frumhoff et al. 2007). The expe ...
Disaster Risk Reduction as Adaptation Strategy for
... The 4th report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) clearly and unmistakably warned about the expected impacts of climate change. There is a consensus that climate change is already taking place, is causing global warming and that even if there was an immediate curtailing of all C ...
... The 4th report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) clearly and unmistakably warned about the expected impacts of climate change. There is a consensus that climate change is already taking place, is causing global warming and that even if there was an immediate curtailing of all C ...
slides - Medical and Public Health Law Site
... stripped of their forests and its inhabitants shall breathe ...
... stripped of their forests and its inhabitants shall breathe ...
Centro de Ciencia del Sistema Terrestre: Conocimiento interdisciplinar para el desempeño nacional. Lincoln Muñiz, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Brasil
... and in vulnerable sectors and communities, to manage the risks of climate change impacts. The mission of this center is: 1) To generate interdisciplinary knowledge for the national development with equity and for the reduction of environmental impacts in Brazil and in the world; 2) To provide top qu ...
... and in vulnerable sectors and communities, to manage the risks of climate change impacts. The mission of this center is: 1) To generate interdisciplinary knowledge for the national development with equity and for the reduction of environmental impacts in Brazil and in the world; 2) To provide top qu ...
Unit 12 : Earth`s Changing Climate
... researchers use past records to tune climate models and see whether they are accurately estimating dynamics like temperature increase and climate feedbacks. The more closely a model can replicate past climate conditions, the more accurate its future predictions are likely to be. ...
... researchers use past records to tune climate models and see whether they are accurately estimating dynamics like temperature increase and climate feedbacks. The more closely a model can replicate past climate conditions, the more accurate its future predictions are likely to be. ...
F A R M E R S ` V U L N E R A B IL IT Y T O C L IM A T E C H A N G E
... Climatic variables were collected for the period from 1970 to 2010 to observe the frequency of extreme climate events and interannual variability over the past 40 years ...
... Climatic variables were collected for the period from 1970 to 2010 to observe the frequency of extreme climate events and interannual variability over the past 40 years ...
The African contribution to the global climate
... gain of 6%, where the C4MIP models show an average amplification of 85 ppm, that is, an average gain is 15%. This low gain cannot be explained by the climate sensitivity of the climate model as it is on the higher end of the C4MIP models. It is rather a direct result of the low sensitivity of the la ...
... gain of 6%, where the C4MIP models show an average amplification of 85 ppm, that is, an average gain is 15%. This low gain cannot be explained by the climate sensitivity of the climate model as it is on the higher end of the C4MIP models. It is rather a direct result of the low sensitivity of the la ...
Cryptic impacts of temperature variability on amphibian immune
... Ectothermic species living in temperate regions can experience rapid and potentially stressful changes in body temperature driven by abrupt weather changes. Yet, among amphibians, the physiological impacts of short-term temperature variation are largely unknown. Using an ex situ population of Crypto ...
... Ectothermic species living in temperate regions can experience rapid and potentially stressful changes in body temperature driven by abrupt weather changes. Yet, among amphibians, the physiological impacts of short-term temperature variation are largely unknown. Using an ex situ population of Crypto ...
Climate Economics: The Literature and its Utility
... they interact, hence to determine the extent to which the larger-scale motions can be predicted by numerical models.” Houghton, J., 1984, page 3). The three decades preceding 1984 had not appeared to provide much evidence of near surface global warming but, in retrospect, in a period when global coo ...
... they interact, hence to determine the extent to which the larger-scale motions can be predicted by numerical models.” Houghton, J., 1984, page 3). The three decades preceding 1984 had not appeared to provide much evidence of near surface global warming but, in retrospect, in a period when global coo ...
The ocean`s role in polar climate change: asymmetric Arctic and
... phenomenon known as Arctic amplification). Since 1979, the beginning of the reliable satellite record, Arctic summer sea-ice extent has decreased by order 12% per decade, with smaller reductions in winter. Coupled models suggest that under greenhouse gas (GHG)-induced warming, the Arctic will warm t ...
... phenomenon known as Arctic amplification). Since 1979, the beginning of the reliable satellite record, Arctic summer sea-ice extent has decreased by order 12% per decade, with smaller reductions in winter. Coupled models suggest that under greenhouse gas (GHG)-induced warming, the Arctic will warm t ...
Growth and Phenology of Three Dwarf Shrub Species in a Six
... ramet fractions. For all six years of soil warming we measured annual shoot growth of the three species and analyzed ramet age and xylem ring width of V. myrtillus. Our results show that phenology of the three species was more influenced by snowmelt timing, and also by plot tree species (Larix or Pi ...
... ramet fractions. For all six years of soil warming we measured annual shoot growth of the three species and analyzed ramet age and xylem ring width of V. myrtillus. Our results show that phenology of the three species was more influenced by snowmelt timing, and also by plot tree species (Larix or Pi ...
Climate Change. A Global Threat to Cardiopulmonary Health
... Recent changes in the global climate system have resulted in excess mortality and morbidity, particularly among susceptible individuals with preexisting cardiopulmonary disease. These weather patterns are projected to continue and intensify as a result of rising CO2 levels, according to the most rec ...
... Recent changes in the global climate system have resulted in excess mortality and morbidity, particularly among susceptible individuals with preexisting cardiopulmonary disease. These weather patterns are projected to continue and intensify as a result of rising CO2 levels, according to the most rec ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Research Volume Title: The Economics of Climate Change: Adaptations Past and...
... events at the geographic level of countries, where most decisions are made. Even if average global forecasts are reliable, those at the regional level are much less so, making coordinated international responses more difficult when national experiences may vary so much. National political leaders and ...
... events at the geographic level of countries, where most decisions are made. Even if average global forecasts are reliable, those at the regional level are much less so, making coordinated international responses more difficult when national experiences may vary so much. National political leaders and ...
Chapter 3 Gateway 2 - GE-sec3-Weather-and
... - Pedestrian infrastructure improve in Hyderabad. - Bus Rapid Transport System (BRTS) expanded from 20 in 2006 to 68 by 2010. - Carbon credits given to Delhi’s metro rail, whose 186 km of rail kept 91,000 vehicles off road and reduced 6.3 million tonnes of greenhouse gas annually. ...
... - Pedestrian infrastructure improve in Hyderabad. - Bus Rapid Transport System (BRTS) expanded from 20 in 2006 to 68 by 2010. - Carbon credits given to Delhi’s metro rail, whose 186 km of rail kept 91,000 vehicles off road and reduced 6.3 million tonnes of greenhouse gas annually. ...
New Coupled Climate-carbon Simulations from the
... Sitch, and I. C. Prentice (2005), A dynamic global vegetation model for studies of the coupled atmosphere-biosphere system, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 19, GB1015, doi:10.1029/2003/GB002199 LE QUÉRÉ, C., AUMONT, O., BOPP, L., BOUSQUET, P., CIAIS, P., FRANCEY, R., HEIMANN, M., KEELING, C. D., KEELING, ...
... Sitch, and I. C. Prentice (2005), A dynamic global vegetation model for studies of the coupled atmosphere-biosphere system, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 19, GB1015, doi:10.1029/2003/GB002199 LE QUÉRÉ, C., AUMONT, O., BOPP, L., BOUSQUET, P., CIAIS, P., FRANCEY, R., HEIMANN, M., KEELING, C. D., KEELING, ...
US Army Corps of Engineers CP2a Sustainability Activities
... from 1980-1999 to 2080-2099, averaged over 21 models; (bottom row) number of models out of 21 that project increases in precipitation (after IPCC, 2007d, Figure 11.12), superimposed over map of navigation from DOT freight analysis ...
... from 1980-1999 to 2080-2099, averaged over 21 models; (bottom row) number of models out of 21 that project increases in precipitation (after IPCC, 2007d, Figure 11.12), superimposed over map of navigation from DOT freight analysis ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.