Role of greenhouse gases in climate change
... The radiation emitted from the warmer surface absorbed by the colder atmosphere is readily detected by orbiting satellites. However, back radiation from the colder atmosphere to the warmer surface heating the surface further violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Shown in Figure 1 is a sketch of ...
... The radiation emitted from the warmer surface absorbed by the colder atmosphere is readily detected by orbiting satellites. However, back radiation from the colder atmosphere to the warmer surface heating the surface further violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Shown in Figure 1 is a sketch of ...
Control + 1 – Block Headings
... partnership between Russian and American firms in the nuclear power industry. American car manufacturers have found Russia to be a booming export market, while the U.S. space program is now dependent on Russia to ferry astronauts and cargo to maintain America’s manned presence in space. In short, th ...
... partnership between Russian and American firms in the nuclear power industry. American car manufacturers have found Russia to be a booming export market, while the U.S. space program is now dependent on Russia to ferry astronauts and cargo to maintain America’s manned presence in space. In short, th ...
Chapter 3 - akugakbutuheksis
... •Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) certified the scientific basis of the greenhouse effect. •Kyoto Protocol established goals to stabilize and reduce atmospheric greenhouse gases. •Emission targets set to reduce emissions of six greenhouse gases from 1990 levels. (CO2, CH4, NO, HFC’s, ...
... •Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) certified the scientific basis of the greenhouse effect. •Kyoto Protocol established goals to stabilize and reduce atmospheric greenhouse gases. •Emission targets set to reduce emissions of six greenhouse gases from 1990 levels. (CO2, CH4, NO, HFC’s, ...
Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to
... Source: Mamauag, SS et al.,(2013). A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate change—Tool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF). Fisheries Research 147; 381-393. ...
... Source: Mamauag, SS et al.,(2013). A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate change—Tool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF). Fisheries Research 147; 381-393. ...
gcc_press re collapse_all_1_001
... Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, December 23, 1999, “Chrysler gives an update.” Mount Pleasant Sun (Gratiot County edition), December 23, 1999, “DaimlerChrysler looks ahead.” Washington Post, December 21, 1999, “GM, Honda Team Up To Lower Emissions,” by Frank Swoboda and Warren Brown. Detroit Free Press, ...
... Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, December 23, 1999, “Chrysler gives an update.” Mount Pleasant Sun (Gratiot County edition), December 23, 1999, “DaimlerChrysler looks ahead.” Washington Post, December 21, 1999, “GM, Honda Team Up To Lower Emissions,” by Frank Swoboda and Warren Brown. Detroit Free Press, ...
On development, demography and climate change: The end of the
... Study of Population, Tours, 18-23 July, 2005 ...
... Study of Population, Tours, 18-23 July, 2005 ...
CMIP5 based climate change projections for India: its
... Based on Chaturvedi, RK., Kulkarni, A., Karyakarte, Y., Joshi, J., Bala, G (Under consideration with climatic change) ...
... Based on Chaturvedi, RK., Kulkarni, A., Karyakarte, Y., Joshi, J., Bala, G (Under consideration with climatic change) ...
Climate Change and the Economic Recession: Should
... the globe is over 600 million which contributes to around 18% of the world’s energy related greenhouse gas emissions consisting mainly of carbon dioxide.2 Whilst the majority of these cars are located in westernised countries (nearly 250 million in the U.S.), the petroleum they run on is not produce ...
... the globe is over 600 million which contributes to around 18% of the world’s energy related greenhouse gas emissions consisting mainly of carbon dioxide.2 Whilst the majority of these cars are located in westernised countries (nearly 250 million in the U.S.), the petroleum they run on is not produce ...
Sea Level Changes and the Texas Coastal Environment
... water, soil and other materials. These materials then re-radiate longer wavelength infrared energy (heat) back out towards space. However, not all the heat escapes. Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap and re-radiate heat, thus warming the earth. Scientists have determine ...
... water, soil and other materials. These materials then re-radiate longer wavelength infrared energy (heat) back out towards space. However, not all the heat escapes. Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap and re-radiate heat, thus warming the earth. Scientists have determine ...
Determining Climate Change Scenarios And Projections
... revealing as much of the quantified uncertainty as possible; that way, the conclusions about climate effects and impacts to water resources will be robust to a range of possible futures ...
... revealing as much of the quantified uncertainty as possible; that way, the conclusions about climate effects and impacts to water resources will be robust to a range of possible futures ...
crop and water resource modelling - START
... rainfall for active (left) and inactive (right) 30 year ENSO periods. The 30 year periods are obtained from all the climate change runs of HadCM3 used in the study, and the correlation coefficients for active and inactive periods are averaged at each gridbox. There are six active and nine inactive p ...
... rainfall for active (left) and inactive (right) 30 year ENSO periods. The 30 year periods are obtained from all the climate change runs of HadCM3 used in the study, and the correlation coefficients for active and inactive periods are averaged at each gridbox. There are six active and nine inactive p ...
Cooling of US Midwest summer temperature extremes from cropland
... of a smaller diurnal temperature range over US croplands as compared with forested landscapes42 . The cooling influence of elevated evapotranspiration on temperatures is expected to be most pronounced for high-temperature days when evaporative demand is the greatest43 , consistent with observed temp ...
... of a smaller diurnal temperature range over US croplands as compared with forested landscapes42 . The cooling influence of elevated evapotranspiration on temperatures is expected to be most pronounced for high-temperature days when evaporative demand is the greatest43 , consistent with observed temp ...
Climate Change - Science, Society & Us
... But this demands an holistic consideration • Including assessment of: – The bio-physical constraints – Rate at which change can take place – Potential for other environmental impacts (e.g. net carbon loss from land clearing, nitrogen emissions, biodiversity impacts, improved agricultural soils) – C ...
... But this demands an holistic consideration • Including assessment of: – The bio-physical constraints – Rate at which change can take place – Potential for other environmental impacts (e.g. net carbon loss from land clearing, nitrogen emissions, biodiversity impacts, improved agricultural soils) – C ...
- University of Bath Opus
... http://opus.bath.ac.uk/ This version is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. See http://opus.bath.ac.uk/ for usage policies. Please scroll down to view the document. ...
... http://opus.bath.ac.uk/ This version is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. See http://opus.bath.ac.uk/ for usage policies. Please scroll down to view the document. ...
Introduction
... Poverty Year, Eighteen Hundred and Froze to Death, and the Year There Was No Summer) was 1816, in which severe summer climate abnormalities destroyed crops in Northern Europe, the Northeastern United States and eastern Canada. Historian John D. Post has called this "the last great subsistence crisis ...
... Poverty Year, Eighteen Hundred and Froze to Death, and the Year There Was No Summer) was 1816, in which severe summer climate abnormalities destroyed crops in Northern Europe, the Northeastern United States and eastern Canada. Historian John D. Post has called this "the last great subsistence crisis ...
The status of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool and adjacent land at the
... Fig. 2) by counting the pixels representing the two types of surfaces (land and ocean). Results for different water depths—going from today’s sea level down to 125 m which are presented in Table 1—indicate that, at the LGM, exposed land almost doubled in area, to be 94% larger compared to today. A c ...
... Fig. 2) by counting the pixels representing the two types of surfaces (land and ocean). Results for different water depths—going from today’s sea level down to 125 m which are presented in Table 1—indicate that, at the LGM, exposed land almost doubled in area, to be 94% larger compared to today. A c ...
international public opinion, perception, and understanding of global
... Despite the scientific warnings of earlier decades, global warming did not become a significant public issue until 1988 - at that time the hottest year since the middle of the nineteenth century and the year in which Dr. James Hansen, director of the NASA Goddard Institute of Space Studies and a lea ...
... Despite the scientific warnings of earlier decades, global warming did not become a significant public issue until 1988 - at that time the hottest year since the middle of the nineteenth century and the year in which Dr. James Hansen, director of the NASA Goddard Institute of Space Studies and a lea ...
misconceptions: barriers to improved climate literacy
... feedbacks. Improved climate literacy requires knowledge of the nature of science as a way of knowing and the scientific foundations that drive important processes within the climate system (Rebich and Gautier, 2005; Gautier et al., 2006; Parker et al., 2008). Ongoing rapid warming in high latitudes ...
... feedbacks. Improved climate literacy requires knowledge of the nature of science as a way of knowing and the scientific foundations that drive important processes within the climate system (Rebich and Gautier, 2005; Gautier et al., 2006; Parker et al., 2008). Ongoing rapid warming in high latitudes ...
International Tundra Experiment ITEX
... tundra plant community composition shifts in response to spatial gradients in ambient summer temperature, inter-annual variability in summer temperature using long-term observations, and experimental warming treatments, using long-term data from observational studies, as well as experimental data fr ...
... tundra plant community composition shifts in response to spatial gradients in ambient summer temperature, inter-annual variability in summer temperature using long-term observations, and experimental warming treatments, using long-term data from observational studies, as well as experimental data fr ...
What Factors Determine Earth`s Climate?
... clears aerosols out of the atmosphere in a week or two, but when material from a violent volcanic eruption is projected far above the highest cloud, these aerosols typically influence the climate for about a year or two before falling into the troposphere and being carried to the surface by precipit ...
... clears aerosols out of the atmosphere in a week or two, but when material from a violent volcanic eruption is projected far above the highest cloud, these aerosols typically influence the climate for about a year or two before falling into the troposphere and being carried to the surface by precipit ...
Implications of Global Climatic Change on Water and Food Security
... tropics and subtropics during the last century, particularly during the last few decades. Negative trends in annual precipitation are largest over western Africa and the Sahel. In India an analysis of data on monsoon rainfall over the long term does not show any significant trend (Ministry of Enviro ...
... tropics and subtropics during the last century, particularly during the last few decades. Negative trends in annual precipitation are largest over western Africa and the Sahel. In India an analysis of data on monsoon rainfall over the long term does not show any significant trend (Ministry of Enviro ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.