Long-term interactions between vegetation and climate
... to elevated CO2 concentrations. Only a few of these large-scale experiments that were performed up to now have reported effects of increased atmospheric CO2 concentration on production of the ecosystem or crop (Ainsworth and Long, 2005). The effect of temperature on photosynthesis and respiration Bo ...
... to elevated CO2 concentrations. Only a few of these large-scale experiments that were performed up to now have reported effects of increased atmospheric CO2 concentration on production of the ecosystem or crop (Ainsworth and Long, 2005). The effect of temperature on photosynthesis and respiration Bo ...
Integrated Risk and Uncertainty Assessment of Climate Change
... risks and uncertainties are often influenced by past experience, as well as by emotional processes that characterize intuitive thinking. This may lead them to overestimate or underestimate the risk. Experts engage in more deliberative thinking than laypersons by utilizing scientific data to estima ...
... risks and uncertainties are often influenced by past experience, as well as by emotional processes that characterize intuitive thinking. This may lead them to overestimate or underestimate the risk. Experts engage in more deliberative thinking than laypersons by utilizing scientific data to estima ...
Climate Scenario Development
... to the science of impact, adaptation and vulnerability assessment, considered by Working Group II. It also has a close dependence on emissions scenarios, which are discussed by Working Group III. Methods for Constructing Scenarios Useful information about possible future climates and their impacts h ...
... to the science of impact, adaptation and vulnerability assessment, considered by Working Group II. It also has a close dependence on emissions scenarios, which are discussed by Working Group III. Methods for Constructing Scenarios Useful information about possible future climates and their impacts h ...
Future Changes in Drought Characteristics over Southern South
... Precipitation is the primary factor controlling the formation and persistence of drought conditions, but evapotranspiration is also an important variable [20]. Given the difficulties in obtaining reliable observed and modeled evapotranspiration measures over SSA, a drought estimator based solely on ...
... Precipitation is the primary factor controlling the formation and persistence of drought conditions, but evapotranspiration is also an important variable [20]. Given the difficulties in obtaining reliable observed and modeled evapotranspiration measures over SSA, a drought estimator based solely on ...
Coral reef ecosystems and anthropogenic climate change
... from commercial fishing and tourism, and coastal protection against the power of oceanic waves. Coral reefs also play central roles in the history and culture of island populations. Taken together, the social, economic, and cultural benefits of coral reefs are crucially important to island societies ...
... from commercial fishing and tourism, and coastal protection against the power of oceanic waves. Coral reefs also play central roles in the history and culture of island populations. Taken together, the social, economic, and cultural benefits of coral reefs are crucially important to island societies ...
Climate Change in Colorado: A Synthesis to Support Water Resources Management and Adaptation.
... Colorado is in step with regional and global warming that has been linked to increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. Annual precipitation, which has high natural variability, has not seen a statewide trend over that period. However, some drought indicators have worsened due to the ...
... Colorado is in step with regional and global warming that has been linked to increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. Annual precipitation, which has high natural variability, has not seen a statewide trend over that period. However, some drought indicators have worsened due to the ...
Climate change and Pacific islands: Indicators and impacts: Report
... and the US-Affiliated Pacific Islands, the region comprises almost 2,000 islands spread across an expanse of ocean more than four times the size of the contiguous United States. These islands support about 1.9 million people, representing numerous languages and cultures. The islands attract millions ...
... and the US-Affiliated Pacific Islands, the region comprises almost 2,000 islands spread across an expanse of ocean more than four times the size of the contiguous United States. These islands support about 1.9 million people, representing numerous languages and cultures. The islands attract millions ...
Climate change data and risk assessment methodologies for the
... Figure 3-8. Active sea level gauges in the Caribbean, as reported by the PSMSL. The colors of the symbols indicate the length of record, and most are 30 years or less. ............................26 Figure 3-9. Sea level (monthly and annual mean) for a gauge in Cristobal (Panama). This is one of the ...
... Figure 3-8. Active sea level gauges in the Caribbean, as reported by the PSMSL. The colors of the symbols indicate the length of record, and most are 30 years or less. ............................26 Figure 3-9. Sea level (monthly and annual mean) for a gauge in Cristobal (Panama). This is one of the ...
Impactsof climate variability and change inthe Pacific Northwest University of Washington
... offset by losses due to increases in evaporation. Loss of moderate-elevation snowpack in response to warmer winter temperatures would have enormous and mostly negative impacts on the region’s water resources, forests, and salmon. Among these impacts are a diminished ability to store water in reservo ...
... offset by losses due to increases in evaporation. Loss of moderate-elevation snowpack in response to warmer winter temperatures would have enormous and mostly negative impacts on the region’s water resources, forests, and salmon. Among these impacts are a diminished ability to store water in reservo ...
The social impacts of heat waves Science Report – SC20061/SR6 SCHO0807BNCW-E-P
... The effects of the 2003 European heat wave have highlighted the need for society to prepare itself for and cope more effectively with heat waves. This is particularly important in the context of predicted climate change and the likelihood of more frequent extreme climate events; to date, heat as a n ...
... The effects of the 2003 European heat wave have highlighted the need for society to prepare itself for and cope more effectively with heat waves. This is particularly important in the context of predicted climate change and the likelihood of more frequent extreme climate events; to date, heat as a n ...
Danish strategy for adaptation to a changing climate
... society. By autonomous adaptation we mean that authorities, businesses and private citizens react to the consequences of climate change in a timely manner within the legislative, economic and technological framework. The strategy focuses mainly on the general activities to be undertaken to ensure th ...
... society. By autonomous adaptation we mean that authorities, businesses and private citizens react to the consequences of climate change in a timely manner within the legislative, economic and technological framework. The strategy focuses mainly on the general activities to be undertaken to ensure th ...
Kenya Talks Climate
... The overall objective of Africa Talks Climate is to assess public understanding of climate change and identify how communication and media could best support Africans’ response to climate change. The research asked four main questions: 1. what changes have African citizens experienced in their clima ...
... The overall objective of Africa Talks Climate is to assess public understanding of climate change and identify how communication and media could best support Africans’ response to climate change. The research asked four main questions: 1. what changes have African citizens experienced in their clima ...
The ocean carbon sink – impacts, vulnerabilities and challenges
... Revised: 30 April 2015 – Accepted: 14 May 2015 – Published: 9 June 2015 ...
... Revised: 30 April 2015 – Accepted: 14 May 2015 – Published: 9 June 2015 ...
Guidance for making the case for climate change adaptation in the
... one of the ‘killer’ variables for productivity in the workplace, with productivity losses of up to 20% associated with declining levels of comfort. Keeping cool within buildings is likely to be a major challenge as the frequency of very high summer temperatures increases and energy costs increase. A ...
... one of the ‘killer’ variables for productivity in the workplace, with productivity losses of up to 20% associated with declining levels of comfort. Keeping cool within buildings is likely to be a major challenge as the frequency of very high summer temperatures increases and energy costs increase. A ...
SECOND-ORDER DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 24 Do Not Cite
... drivers (high confidence) [24.4.3]. It is very likely that mean sea level rise will contribute to upward trends in extreme coastal high water levels and in the Asian Arctic there is high agreement and medium evidence that rising sea-levels will interact with projected changes in permafrost and the l ...
... drivers (high confidence) [24.4.3]. It is very likely that mean sea level rise will contribute to upward trends in extreme coastal high water levels and in the Asian Arctic there is high agreement and medium evidence that rising sea-levels will interact with projected changes in permafrost and the l ...
THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND TRANSNATIONAL
... contributors to climate change as well as at risk of some of its most adverse effects. Undoubtedly, certain demographic realities have heavily contributed to making local governments important actors. Quite simply, the world is becoming more urbanized. Already 50 percent of the world's population no ...
... contributors to climate change as well as at risk of some of its most adverse effects. Undoubtedly, certain demographic realities have heavily contributed to making local governments important actors. Quite simply, the world is becoming more urbanized. Already 50 percent of the world's population no ...
Climate System Response to Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and
... GHG forcing, which is significant globally. As will become clear in the discussion that follows, although the ozone hole itself is geographically localized its associated climate impacts are not, because they extend over the entire SH. Stratospheric ozone and GHG forcings also have very different ti ...
... GHG forcing, which is significant globally. As will become clear in the discussion that follows, although the ozone hole itself is geographically localized its associated climate impacts are not, because they extend over the entire SH. Stratospheric ozone and GHG forcings also have very different ti ...
SJmaintext
... processes, along with improved long-term data, are merged into coherent projections of future population responses to climate change. This approach can be applied to any species, but this review illustrates its benefit using birds as examples. Birds are one of the best-studied groups and a large num ...
... processes, along with improved long-term data, are merged into coherent projections of future population responses to climate change. This approach can be applied to any species, but this review illustrates its benefit using birds as examples. Birds are one of the best-studied groups and a large num ...
The Global Climate Observing System Programme The Global
... ... in perspective and communication between development and climate community ... in evidence of impact of climate variability (cv) and climate change (cc) on MDG-related outcomes ... in evidence of utility of climate information to reduce impact of negative (and enhance positive) impact of cv and ...
... ... in perspective and communication between development and climate community ... in evidence of impact of climate variability (cv) and climate change (cc) on MDG-related outcomes ... in evidence of utility of climate information to reduce impact of negative (and enhance positive) impact of cv and ...
Climate Projections for Metro Vancouver
... average of 22 days per year to 55 days per year. The 1-in-20 hottest temperature (i.e., a temperature that has a 5% chance of occurring in any year) is projected to increase from 34°C to 38°C by the 2050s. This projected warming has implications for future energy supply, as heating demand for buildi ...
... average of 22 days per year to 55 days per year. The 1-in-20 hottest temperature (i.e., a temperature that has a 5% chance of occurring in any year) is projected to increase from 34°C to 38°C by the 2050s. This projected warming has implications for future energy supply, as heating demand for buildi ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.