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... Wetland is one of the most important ecosystems in the world. It has prominent significance not only in maintaining the regional and global ecological balances, but also providing a living environment for wild animals and plants [1]. Climate change is considered as one of the most important natural ...
... Wetland is one of the most important ecosystems in the world. It has prominent significance not only in maintaining the regional and global ecological balances, but also providing a living environment for wild animals and plants [1]. Climate change is considered as one of the most important natural ...
climate change and water quality in the great lakes region
... Figure 2.1: Departures from the long-term mean for area-average mean temperature in oC, 1900-1994 for the United States........................................................................5 Figure 2-2: Departures from the 1961-1990 mean of area-average mean temperature (oC), 1900-1999 for souther ...
... Figure 2.1: Departures from the long-term mean for area-average mean temperature in oC, 1900-1994 for the United States........................................................................5 Figure 2-2: Departures from the 1961-1990 mean of area-average mean temperature (oC), 1900-1999 for souther ...
Swinomish Indian Tribal Community
... first milestone of the project. It represents the work of a multidisciplinary team led by staff of the Swinomish Office of Planning & Community Development, in partnership with the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group (CIG), and with further scientific assistance from Skagit River System C ...
... first milestone of the project. It represents the work of a multidisciplinary team led by staff of the Swinomish Office of Planning & Community Development, in partnership with the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group (CIG), and with further scientific assistance from Skagit River System C ...
Estimating Future Costs for Alaska Public Infrastructure - ISER
... 2000, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued a Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, which laid out a range of climate scenarios, each with specific assumptions about future levels of greenhouse gas emissions, population growth, and much more. One of those scenarios is known as ...
... 2000, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued a Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, which laid out a range of climate scenarios, each with specific assumptions about future levels of greenhouse gas emissions, population growth, and much more. One of those scenarios is known as ...
climate change - Centre for Science and Policy
... • The climate responds to cumulative emissions, so any pathway that does not bring emissions close to zero will result in risk continually increasing over time. ...
... • The climate responds to cumulative emissions, so any pathway that does not bring emissions close to zero will result in risk continually increasing over time. ...
climate change - Centre for Science and Policy
... • The climate responds to cumulative emissions, so any pathway that does not bring emissions close to zero will result in risk continually increasing over time. ...
... • The climate responds to cumulative emissions, so any pathway that does not bring emissions close to zero will result in risk continually increasing over time. ...
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... Informational and cognitive barriers also can prevent decision makers from beginning or advancing the adaptation process [18]. A study on flood risk management in two Swedish municipalities [19] indicated that, although the stakeholders are aware of climate change, uncertainties remain about “what t ...
... Informational and cognitive barriers also can prevent decision makers from beginning or advancing the adaptation process [18]. A study on flood risk management in two Swedish municipalities [19] indicated that, although the stakeholders are aware of climate change, uncertainties remain about “what t ...
Antarctic Krill, Euphausia superba, a Model Organism - ePIC
... Ecosystems is the focus on “keystone” species whose biology is so pervasive as to dictate ecosystem functioning. A critical aspect in the understanding of the effect of climate change on pelagic systems is the need to progress beyond correlative studies towards a mechanistic understanding. How exact ...
... Ecosystems is the focus on “keystone” species whose biology is so pervasive as to dictate ecosystem functioning. A critical aspect in the understanding of the effect of climate change on pelagic systems is the need to progress beyond correlative studies towards a mechanistic understanding. How exact ...
Understanding future risks to ports in Australia
... There has been increasing emphasis placed on ensuring the resilience of Australia’s critical infrastructure in the face of multiple stressors over the coming years and decades. This includes concern that climate change will pose increasing challenges to the continuing successful operation of Austral ...
... There has been increasing emphasis placed on ensuring the resilience of Australia’s critical infrastructure in the face of multiple stressors over the coming years and decades. This includes concern that climate change will pose increasing challenges to the continuing successful operation of Austral ...
Omitted Damages What`s Missing from the Social Cost of Carbon.indd
... disease and respiratory illness from increased ozone pollution, pollen, and wildfire smoke); inter-regional damages (including migration of human and economic capital); inter-sector damages (including the combined surge effects of stronger storms and rising sea levels), exacerbation of existing non-cl ...
... disease and respiratory illness from increased ozone pollution, pollen, and wildfire smoke); inter-regional damages (including migration of human and economic capital); inter-sector damages (including the combined surge effects of stronger storms and rising sea levels), exacerbation of existing non-cl ...
IPCC Robert M. Margolis 1992 MIT-CEEPR 92-011WP
... stated in the Expert Group report, "These scenarios were not intended to be forecasts of possible development outcomes or of likely policy options, but would serve as a first step in the analysis of a plausible range of global climate change scenarios" (IPCC 1990a, 1). Controversy Over Labeling the ...
... stated in the Expert Group report, "These scenarios were not intended to be forecasts of possible development outcomes or of likely policy options, but would serve as a first step in the analysis of a plausible range of global climate change scenarios" (IPCC 1990a, 1). Controversy Over Labeling the ...
Children and Climate Change
... The opening article, “The Science of Climate Change,” by Michael Oppenheimer and Jesse Anttila-Hughes, offers a primer emphasizing the features of climate change that are likely to have the greatest impact on children. Oppenheimer and Anttila-Hughes consider four broad sources of knowledge about cli ...
... The opening article, “The Science of Climate Change,” by Michael Oppenheimer and Jesse Anttila-Hughes, offers a primer emphasizing the features of climate change that are likely to have the greatest impact on children. Oppenheimer and Anttila-Hughes consider four broad sources of knowledge about cli ...
Future wet grasslands: ecological implications of climate change
... 2009). Wet grasslands, in common with other wetlands, are located across numerous biomes and there is no single climatic template. Regional predictions of the consequences of climate change are complicated by the distribution of wet grasslands on land masses in different climatic zones and constrain ...
... 2009). Wet grasslands, in common with other wetlands, are located across numerous biomes and there is no single climatic template. Regional predictions of the consequences of climate change are complicated by the distribution of wet grasslands on land masses in different climatic zones and constrain ...
White Paper on the contribution of the GFCS to Agenda 2030
... namely: Agriculture and Food Security, Disaster Risk Reduction, Health, Water and Energy; but also covering the multitude of SDGs that could benefits from enhanced availability and access to climate services. Climate Services develop and provide science-based and user-specific information relating t ...
... namely: Agriculture and Food Security, Disaster Risk Reduction, Health, Water and Energy; but also covering the multitude of SDGs that could benefits from enhanced availability and access to climate services. Climate Services develop and provide science-based and user-specific information relating t ...
Climate Variability and Sub
... biodiversity. Recently changes in species abundance or distribution have been observed within several Sub-Arctic marine ecosystems. A symposium on climate effects on the Sub-Arctic marine ecosystems is timely because these recent changes appear to correlate with fluctuations in the physical environm ...
... biodiversity. Recently changes in species abundance or distribution have been observed within several Sub-Arctic marine ecosystems. A symposium on climate effects on the Sub-Arctic marine ecosystems is timely because these recent changes appear to correlate with fluctuations in the physical environm ...
Likely ecological impacts of global warming and climate change on
... Evidence of rapid changes in these variables is now overwhelming. The role of humans in these changes is equally undeniable scientifically. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2001a) “There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 y ...
... Evidence of rapid changes in these variables is now overwhelming. The role of humans in these changes is equally undeniable scientifically. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2001a) “There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 y ...
Transformational Adaptation: Concepts, Examples, and their
... underwent a transition from relatively humid conditions to desert. During this period, human populations in the northern hemisphere sub-tropics adapted to increased aridity and a decline in resource availability through a combination of increased mobility based on extensive grazing (where this enab ...
... underwent a transition from relatively humid conditions to desert. During this period, human populations in the northern hemisphere sub-tropics adapted to increased aridity and a decline in resource availability through a combination of increased mobility based on extensive grazing (where this enab ...
American Climate Prospectus - Goldman School of Public Policy
... from fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, along with other greenhouse gases (GHGs), are raising average temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and increasing global sea levels. Weather is inherently variable, and no single hot day, drought, winter storm or hurricane can be exclusively a ...
... from fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, along with other greenhouse gases (GHGs), are raising average temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and increasing global sea levels. Weather is inherently variable, and no single hot day, drought, winter storm or hurricane can be exclusively a ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.