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... which may have opposing effects on precipitation through heating the atmosphere (causing stabilization and reduction in precipitation) and warming the surface (causing an enhancement of precipitation) (Ming et al., 2010). However, the net effect of increasing aerosol concentrations tends to be suppr ...
... which may have opposing effects on precipitation through heating the atmosphere (causing stabilization and reduction in precipitation) and warming the surface (causing an enhancement of precipitation) (Ming et al., 2010). However, the net effect of increasing aerosol concentrations tends to be suppr ...
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) - e-Learning
... The analysis of pressure fields shows that their variability always exhibit certain patterns, which are called variability patterns or modi (Brönnimann, 2005). The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is one of the most prominent patterns of atmospheric circulation variability and is the only atmospheri ...
... The analysis of pressure fields shows that their variability always exhibit certain patterns, which are called variability patterns or modi (Brönnimann, 2005). The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is one of the most prominent patterns of atmospheric circulation variability and is the only atmospheri ...
The Precautionary Principle: Relevance in International Law
... influence are beginning to be manifested. As much as we are a part of the natural system, uncertainty is a reality in the climatic system. The complexity of the climate system and prediction on the impact of climate change stretches science and policy to the limit (Kelly, 2000: 2). In this regard, t ...
... influence are beginning to be manifested. As much as we are a part of the natural system, uncertainty is a reality in the climatic system. The complexity of the climate system and prediction on the impact of climate change stretches science and policy to the limit (Kelly, 2000: 2). In this regard, t ...
Draft Discussion Paper Ilaria Carrozza ESCAP/FfD/04/2015
... are under direct threat of total inundation rendering them uninhabitable. Further, each degree of warming is projected to decrease renewable water resources by at least 20 percent for an additional 7 percent of the global population, adding to the risk faced by millions of vulnerable people. 8 It is ...
... are under direct threat of total inundation rendering them uninhabitable. Further, each degree of warming is projected to decrease renewable water resources by at least 20 percent for an additional 7 percent of the global population, adding to the risk faced by millions of vulnerable people. 8 It is ...
a guidebook on climate scenarios
... climate science has now reached a certain level of maturity that renders it more valuable and useful for decisionmakers. At the same time, however, the potential impacts of climate change raise an increasing number of issues that decision-makers have to deal with. Consequently, making decisions base ...
... climate science has now reached a certain level of maturity that renders it more valuable and useful for decisionmakers. At the same time, however, the potential impacts of climate change raise an increasing number of issues that decision-makers have to deal with. Consequently, making decisions base ...
Assessment Report
... There is growing concern about the increasing anthropogenic effect on the earth’s climate system and its impact on nature and human beings. The world community must take action to both investigate the problem and try to solve it. In recent years fundamental international (IPCC, 2007) and Russian (As ...
... There is growing concern about the increasing anthropogenic effect on the earth’s climate system and its impact on nature and human beings. The world community must take action to both investigate the problem and try to solve it. In recent years fundamental international (IPCC, 2007) and Russian (As ...
State of Climate Change Science in the Great Lakes Basin
... ater levels in the Great Lakes naturally fluctuate surface hydrology by up to 1.5m. • Long-term ...
... ater levels in the Great Lakes naturally fluctuate surface hydrology by up to 1.5m. • Long-term ...
In The Greenhouse
... greenhouse home page a spirited collection for the home - greenhouse is a brick and mortar home store in bellingham washington, the greenhouse effect a student s guide to global - the greenhouse effect a greenhouse is a building made of glass that allows sunlight to enter but traps heat inside so th ...
... greenhouse home page a spirited collection for the home - greenhouse is a brick and mortar home store in bellingham washington, the greenhouse effect a student s guide to global - the greenhouse effect a greenhouse is a building made of glass that allows sunlight to enter but traps heat inside so th ...
The First Decade of Long-Lead U.S. Seasonal Forecasts
... 3-month forecasts, each overlapping the previous one by 1 month so that lead times successively increased by 1 month out to 12.5 months. The scientific basis for these innovations is described at length in Barnston et al. (1994), Reeves and Gemmill (2004), and Van den Dool (2007). In brief, there wa ...
... 3-month forecasts, each overlapping the previous one by 1 month so that lead times successively increased by 1 month out to 12.5 months. The scientific basis for these innovations is described at length in Barnston et al. (1994), Reeves and Gemmill (2004), and Van den Dool (2007). In brief, there wa ...
Assessing the Costs of Climate Change and Adaptation in South Asia
... domestic product (GDP) and, hence, in economic growth and poverty reduction. The study illustrates that South Asia on average could lose nearly 2% of its GDP by 2050, rising to a loss of nearly 9% by 2100 under business-as-usual (BAU) scenario—higher still if losses due to extreme weather events are ...
... domestic product (GDP) and, hence, in economic growth and poverty reduction. The study illustrates that South Asia on average could lose nearly 2% of its GDP by 2050, rising to a loss of nearly 9% by 2100 under business-as-usual (BAU) scenario—higher still if losses due to extreme weather events are ...
Changing
... The climate is changing, and impacts on the environment, society and economy are already being felt. Projections of future climate change indicate that these impacts will accelerate during this century, with the trends over the next few decades now unavoidable due to past emissions, whatever success ...
... The climate is changing, and impacts on the environment, society and economy are already being felt. Projections of future climate change indicate that these impacts will accelerate during this century, with the trends over the next few decades now unavoidable due to past emissions, whatever success ...
Come Rain or Shine - Integrating Climate Risk Management into
... • Attention paid to climate risks in the face of climate change can help to reduce the impacts of climate variability and extremes that Africa is already facing today. • New and improved technologies, and innovations in climate science, are becoming available that could help Africa adapt to climate ...
... • Attention paid to climate risks in the face of climate change can help to reduce the impacts of climate variability and extremes that Africa is already facing today. • New and improved technologies, and innovations in climate science, are becoming available that could help Africa adapt to climate ...
Sceptical Climate Part 2: Climate Science in Australian Newspapers
... links to the relevant sections and data from which the findings are drawn. Although this report covers a different time period, the key findings for this study of ten Australian newspapers from February to April in both 2011 and 2012 can be considered in light of the key findings of Sceptical Climat ...
... links to the relevant sections and data from which the findings are drawn. Although this report covers a different time period, the key findings for this study of ten Australian newspapers from February to April in both 2011 and 2012 can be considered in light of the key findings of Sceptical Climat ...
A Review of Downscaling Methods for Climate
... Convective precipitation: Intense precipitation of short duration that characterizes most of the rainfall in the tropics. Direct and indirect effect of aerosols: Atmospheric aerosols are solid and liquid particles suspended in air that influence the amount of solar radiation that reaches the surface ...
... Convective precipitation: Intense precipitation of short duration that characterizes most of the rainfall in the tropics. Direct and indirect effect of aerosols: Atmospheric aerosols are solid and liquid particles suspended in air that influence the amount of solar radiation that reaches the surface ...
IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 18 FIRST-‐ORDER DRAFT Expert Review
... (Seung-‐Ki Min, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research) This chapter is the result of an admirable attempt to extract relevant information from all WGII chapters while these were in the Thanks, all efforts ...
... (Seung-‐Ki Min, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research) This chapter is the result of an admirable attempt to extract relevant information from all WGII chapters while these were in the Thanks, all efforts ...
The Emissions Gap Report 2015
... The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Environment Programme. We regret any errors or omissions that may have been unwittingly made. © Images and illustrations as specified. Citation This document may be cited a ...
... The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Environment Programme. We regret any errors or omissions that may have been unwittingly made. © Images and illustrations as specified. Citation This document may be cited a ...
Lightning Applications in Weather and Climate Research
... temperatures, but also the temperature profile (lapse rate) in the atmosphere as greenhouse gases increase. There are three possibilities regarding the mean vertical temperature profile in the troposphere as greenhouse gases increase and surface temperatures warm (Fig. 2). If the surface warms more ...
... temperatures, but also the temperature profile (lapse rate) in the atmosphere as greenhouse gases increase. There are three possibilities regarding the mean vertical temperature profile in the troposphere as greenhouse gases increase and surface temperatures warm (Fig. 2). If the surface warms more ...
standing tall - National Wildlife Federation
... even dependent on frequent surface fire, and is better able to withstand storms. While longleaf pine should be able to withstand some climate change, too much warming would also ultimately stress these ecosystems. In fact, studies of lakebed sediments have provided insight into how climate and fores ...
... even dependent on frequent surface fire, and is better able to withstand storms. While longleaf pine should be able to withstand some climate change, too much warming would also ultimately stress these ecosystems. In fact, studies of lakebed sediments have provided insight into how climate and fores ...
Climate Threatens TI - northwesterndebateinstitute2012
... temperature may not be as important to the transportation community as the changes in extreme temperature, which also are expected to increase. Over the last 50 years, the frequency of cold days and nights has declined, while hot days, hot nights, and heat waves have become more frequent. The number ...
... temperature may not be as important to the transportation community as the changes in extreme temperature, which also are expected to increase. Over the last 50 years, the frequency of cold days and nights has declined, while hot days, hot nights, and heat waves have become more frequent. The number ...
Seasonality of climate-human mortality relationships in US cities and
... general, winter-mortality rates are significantly higher than summer rates. The observed winterdominant warming pattern, which has been linked to increasing greenhouse-gas concentrations, has led some researchers to propose future mortality decreases, while others contend that increasing heat-relate ...
... general, winter-mortality rates are significantly higher than summer rates. The observed winterdominant warming pattern, which has been linked to increasing greenhouse-gas concentrations, has led some researchers to propose future mortality decreases, while others contend that increasing heat-relate ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.