world climate programme
... 3.1.1 The Team recalled the information presented during the Symposium on the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS). The GFCS has evolved over recent years as a Framework through which all stakeholders (including UN agencies, research and academic organizations, e ...
... 3.1.1 The Team recalled the information presented during the Symposium on the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS). The GFCS has evolved over recent years as a Framework through which all stakeholders (including UN agencies, research and academic organizations, e ...
References and Index - UN
... Project, Earth System Governance Report 1, International Human Dimensions Programme, The Earth System Governance Project, Bonn, Germany Bigio, A. (2009) ‘Adapting to climate change and preparing for natural disasters in the coastal cities of North Africa’, Paper presented at the Urban Research Sympo ...
... Project, Earth System Governance Report 1, International Human Dimensions Programme, The Earth System Governance Project, Bonn, Germany Bigio, A. (2009) ‘Adapting to climate change and preparing for natural disasters in the coastal cities of North Africa’, Paper presented at the Urban Research Sympo ...
The Steady-State Atmospheric Circulation
... poleward shifts in the extratropical tropospheric storm tracks and a weakened stratospheric Brewer–Dobson circulation. The former result suggests heating in the tropical troposphere plays a fundamental role in the poleward contraction of the storm tracks found in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate C ...
... poleward shifts in the extratropical tropospheric storm tracks and a weakened stratospheric Brewer–Dobson circulation. The former result suggests heating in the tropical troposphere plays a fundamental role in the poleward contraction of the storm tracks found in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate C ...
Drivers and uncertainties of future global marine primary production
... of the ocean’s biogeochemical cycles, particularly that of carbon. The net formation rate of organic carbon by phytoplankton, i.e., net primary production (NPP), is a key determinant for the export of organic carbon from the surface ocean, thereby governing how ocean biology impacts the ocean–atmosp ...
... of the ocean’s biogeochemical cycles, particularly that of carbon. The net formation rate of organic carbon by phytoplankton, i.e., net primary production (NPP), is a key determinant for the export of organic carbon from the surface ocean, thereby governing how ocean biology impacts the ocean–atmosp ...
Nota di lavoro 2000.038 - Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei
... Global climate change and the threat of accelerated sea-level rise exacerbate the already existing high risks of storm surges, severe waves and tsunamis. Climate change may not only enhance the most threatening extreme events (e.g., through increasing storminess) but also aggravate long-term biogeop ...
... Global climate change and the threat of accelerated sea-level rise exacerbate the already existing high risks of storm surges, severe waves and tsunamis. Climate change may not only enhance the most threatening extreme events (e.g., through increasing storminess) but also aggravate long-term biogeop ...
Climate Trends, Hazards and Extremes – Taranaki Synthesis Report
... the correlation between frequencies and the IPO. ............................................. 46 Figure 25. Accumulated July-June PED (mm) calculated from 0.05° gridded data set: average over 31-year period 1972/73 to 2002/03 (left), and PED levels in extreme drought year of 1997/98 El Niño (right) ...
... the correlation between frequencies and the IPO. ............................................. 46 Figure 25. Accumulated July-June PED (mm) calculated from 0.05° gridded data set: average over 31-year period 1972/73 to 2002/03 (left), and PED levels in extreme drought year of 1997/98 El Niño (right) ...
ACIA Ch01 Final - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
... the most comprehensive and best-known assessment of climate change on a global basis (e.g., IPCC, 2001a,b), and has provided many valuable lessons for the ACIA. In addition, regional studies have examined, among other areas, Canada (Maxwell, 1997), the Mackenzie Basin (Cohen 1997a,b), the Barents Se ...
... the most comprehensive and best-known assessment of climate change on a global basis (e.g., IPCC, 2001a,b), and has provided many valuable lessons for the ACIA. In addition, regional studies have examined, among other areas, Canada (Maxwell, 1997), the Mackenzie Basin (Cohen 1997a,b), the Barents Se ...
Journal of Environmental Monitoring
... from observations of increases in global average air and ocean This journal is ...
... from observations of increases in global average air and ocean This journal is ...
Simulating Future Wheat Yields` Response to Climate Change and
... forcing (RF) is used. It is a metric that “represents the net change in the energy balance (radiative flux) of the Earth system” which results in a warming of the planet (Myhre et al. 2013). Between 1750 and 2005 RF has increased by 0.2 W/m2 mainly due to the increase in CO2 concentrations (from 27 ...
... forcing (RF) is used. It is a metric that “represents the net change in the energy balance (radiative flux) of the Earth system” which results in a warming of the planet (Myhre et al. 2013). Between 1750 and 2005 RF has increased by 0.2 W/m2 mainly due to the increase in CO2 concentrations (from 27 ...
file
... society, writes Sven Kullander, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. According to studies carried out within the Academy’s energy committee, it is esti mated that carbon dioxide emissions from fossil energy sources could be reduced from the current figure of 28 billion tonnes per year to 20 billion t ...
... society, writes Sven Kullander, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. According to studies carried out within the Academy’s energy committee, it is esti mated that carbon dioxide emissions from fossil energy sources could be reduced from the current figure of 28 billion tonnes per year to 20 billion t ...
Climate Change and Ontario`s Provincial Parks: Towards an
... knowledge gaps remain in many areas. As such, the results presented in this study should be taken as indicative, not predictive, of the magnitude of impact climate change may have on Ontario’s provincial parks. A historical climate regime was completed for a representative sample of eight provincial ...
... knowledge gaps remain in many areas. As such, the results presented in this study should be taken as indicative, not predictive, of the magnitude of impact climate change may have on Ontario’s provincial parks. A historical climate regime was completed for a representative sample of eight provincial ...
Zooplankton in freshwaters : potential responses to global
... environment by introducing exotic species and changing the temperature regime and nutrient availability of freshwater systems. The impacts of such alterations of conditions, resources and species composition on zooplankton are important to consider because zooplankton link primary producers to highe ...
... environment by introducing exotic species and changing the temperature regime and nutrient availability of freshwater systems. The impacts of such alterations of conditions, resources and species composition on zooplankton are important to consider because zooplankton link primary producers to highe ...
The Economic Cost of Climate Change in Africa
... Climate change is already hitting Africa hard, not least economically. Any global deal on climate change must therefore reflect the region’s interests. The Pan African Climate Justice Alliance (PACJA), with support from Christian Aid, commissioned Practical Action Consulting to write this report in ...
... Climate change is already hitting Africa hard, not least economically. Any global deal on climate change must therefore reflect the region’s interests. The Pan African Climate Justice Alliance (PACJA), with support from Christian Aid, commissioned Practical Action Consulting to write this report in ...
key parameters for trend detection
... This Technical Supplement provides additional material on the current status of systematic observation for the Essential Climate Variables, as defined in the Second Adequacy Report and listed below, as well as some additional key variables. The report outlines the current state of observation for ea ...
... This Technical Supplement provides additional material on the current status of systematic observation for the Essential Climate Variables, as defined in the Second Adequacy Report and listed below, as well as some additional key variables. The report outlines the current state of observation for ea ...
Climate Change and Ontario`s Provincial Parks
... knowledge gaps remain in many areas. As such, the results presented in this study should be taken as indicative, not predictive, of the magnitude of impact climate change may have on Ontario’s provincial parks. A historical climate regime was completed for a representative sample of eight provincial ...
... knowledge gaps remain in many areas. As such, the results presented in this study should be taken as indicative, not predictive, of the magnitude of impact climate change may have on Ontario’s provincial parks. A historical climate regime was completed for a representative sample of eight provincial ...
Climate change response strategies for agriculture: Challenges and opportunities for the 21st century
... temperatures, elevated CO2 concentration, precipitation changes, increased weeds, pests, and disease pressure, and increased vulnerability of organic carbon pools. High temperatures can lead to negative impacts such as added heat stress, especially in areas at low to mid-latitudes already at risk to ...
... temperatures, elevated CO2 concentration, precipitation changes, increased weeds, pests, and disease pressure, and increased vulnerability of organic carbon pools. High temperatures can lead to negative impacts such as added heat stress, especially in areas at low to mid-latitudes already at risk to ...
Climate change and Ontario`s provincial parks
... knowledge gaps remain in many areas. As such, the results presented in this study should be taken as indicative, not predictive, of the magnitude of impact climate change may have on Ontario’s provincial parks. A historical climate regime was completed for a representative sample of eight provincial ...
... knowledge gaps remain in many areas. As such, the results presented in this study should be taken as indicative, not predictive, of the magnitude of impact climate change may have on Ontario’s provincial parks. A historical climate regime was completed for a representative sample of eight provincial ...
Complex seasonal patterns of primary producers at the land–sea
... open ocean weakens in coastal marine waters that receive nutrient inputs from land. Therefore, we might expect different seasonal patterns of primary producers at the land– sea interface where the nutrient constraint is relaxed. However, there has been no global inventory available of phytoplankton ...
... open ocean weakens in coastal marine waters that receive nutrient inputs from land. Therefore, we might expect different seasonal patterns of primary producers at the land– sea interface where the nutrient constraint is relaxed. However, there has been no global inventory available of phytoplankton ...
Arctic oscillation response to the 1991 Pinatubo
... dynamical mechanisms that may account for the observed AO anomalies following eruptions. We focus on the best observed and strongest 20th century eruption, that of Mt. Pinatubo on 15 June 1991. The impact of the Pinatubo eruption on the climate has been the focus of a number of earlier modeling stud ...
... dynamical mechanisms that may account for the observed AO anomalies following eruptions. We focus on the best observed and strongest 20th century eruption, that of Mt. Pinatubo on 15 June 1991. The impact of the Pinatubo eruption on the climate has been the focus of a number of earlier modeling stud ...
Feb 27, 2016 - Science and Environmental Policy Project
... More recent measurements by satellites and buoys indicate a rise of 3 mm per year. The differences from types of measurements do not mean that the rise is accelerating. It may mean that the two systems are not fully calibrated and need to be adjusted accordingly. Thus, recent headlines that sea leve ...
... More recent measurements by satellites and buoys indicate a rise of 3 mm per year. The differences from types of measurements do not mean that the rise is accelerating. It may mean that the two systems are not fully calibrated and need to be adjusted accordingly. Thus, recent headlines that sea leve ...
Simulating Transient Climate Evolution of the Last
... archives of the Earth have preserved rich climatic information for these ice age cycles. Scientists take advantage of these proxy records to study the Earth’s climate dynamics and to better project future climate changes. The last deglaciation (~21 to 10 ka) (ka: 1,000 years ago) was the most recent ...
... archives of the Earth have preserved rich climatic information for these ice age cycles. Scientists take advantage of these proxy records to study the Earth’s climate dynamics and to better project future climate changes. The last deglaciation (~21 to 10 ka) (ka: 1,000 years ago) was the most recent ...
The role of ocean transport in the uptake of
... CFC11. Joos et al. (1999) investigated the effect of ocean transport on CO2 uptake by conducting sensitivity simulations on vertical diffusivity in a single model. This study is built upon these previous works, but differs from them in several important aspects. First, it includes a number of promin ...
... CFC11. Joos et al. (1999) investigated the effect of ocean transport on CO2 uptake by conducting sensitivity simulations on vertical diffusivity in a single model. This study is built upon these previous works, but differs from them in several important aspects. First, it includes a number of promin ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.