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... last long and neither side was prepared for the large numbers of casualties that the war would bring.  Lincoln replaced Irvin McDowell with George McClellan who was a brilliant administrator and organizer. McClellan took a dejected, beaten Union army and gave it a new fighting spirit – at least the ...
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Commemorating the Sesquicentennial of the Civil War FOOTSTEPS OF FAIRFAX

... Walney suffered extensive damage during the Civil War, as troops from both sides traveled across the farm. On June 24, 1864, John S. Mosby’s command attacked elements of the 16th New York Cavalry here and captured Thomas P. “Boston” Corbett, who would later kill Abraham Lincoln’s assassin John Wilke ...
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1863: Military Turning Points, Gettysburg

... bend of the Mississippi River, could never fall. Yet within six months this dreary march of defeat would be completely reversed; but such a reverse could not be achieved in an afternoon. (2) Matters deteriorated further before they improved. The incomparable Army of Northern Virginia, led by its red ...
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... Pg. 181 29. After reaching the ocean , Sherman’s forces—followed by 25,000 former slaves—turned north to help Grant “wipe out Lee.” 30. On April 9, 1865, in a Virginia town called Appomattox Court House, Lee and Grant a private home to arrange a Confederate surrender. 31. After four ...
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... The Union (General Winfield Scott) devised a three part plan to conquer the South: 1. Blockade Southern ports so the South could not export or import; 2. Control the Mississippi River to cut the Confederacy in half; 3. Sought to isolate and divide the Confederacy to capture the capital at ...
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Battle of Gaines's Mill



The Battle of Gaines's Mill, sometimes known as the First Battle of Cold Harbor or the Battle of Chickahominy River, took place on June 27, 1862, in Hanover County, Virginia, as the third of the Seven Days Battles (Peninsula Campaign) of the American Civil War. Following the inconclusive Battle of Beaver Dam Creek (Mechanicsville) the previous day, Confederate General Robert E. Lee renewed his attacks against the right flank of the Union Army, relatively isolated on the northern side of the Chickahominy River. There, Brig. Gen. Fitz John Porter's V Corps had established a strong defensive line behind Boatswain's Swamp. Lee's force was destined to launch the largest Confederate attack of the war, about 57,000 men in six divisions. Porter's reinforced V Corps held fast for the afternoon as the Confederates attacked in a disjointed manner, first with the division of Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill, then Maj. Gen. Richard S. Ewell, suffering heavy casualties. The arrival of Maj. Gen. Stonewall Jackson's command was delayed, preventing the full concentration of Confederate force before Porter received some reinforcements from the VI Corps.At dusk, the Confederates finally mounted a coordinated assault that broke Porter's line and drove his men back toward the Chickahominy River. The Federals retreated across the river during the night. The Confederates were too disorganized to pursue the main Union force. Gaines's Mill saved Richmond for the Confederacy in 1862; the tactical defeat there convinced Army of the Potomac commander Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan to abandon his advance on Richmond and begin a retreat to the James River. The battle occurred in almost the same location as the 1864 Battle of Cold Harbor and had a similar number of total casualties.
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