Download 1 REVIEW FOR CHAPTERS 15, 16, AND 17 TEST Define the

REVIEW FOR CHAPTERS 15, 16, AND 17 TEST
Define the following with detail:
1. Wilmot Proviso – A bill passed by the House of Representatives but not by the Senate that
would have outlawed slavery in the Mexican Cession area.
2. Fugitive Slave Law – 1850 law that helped slave owners recapture slaves from the North
3. Compromise of 1850 – In this compromise, California came into the Union as a free state,
Congress adopted a stricter fugitive slave law, and the territories obtained from Mexico would
be free to decide the issue of slavery by popular sovereignty.
4. Kansas-Nebraska Act – Allowed people in the territory to decide whether they would be slave or
free. A form of popular sovereignty.
5. Harriet Beecher Stowe – wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin
6. Clara Barton – “The Angel of the Battlefield,” helped establish the Red Cross, distributed food
and bandages during the Civil War.
7. Elizabeth Cady Stanton – Helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention
8. James Polk – President during Manifest Destiny
9. Henry Clay – Legislator who helped develop the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of
1850 (as well as the American System). Called “The Great Compromiser.”
10. James Monroe – Established the Monroe Doctrine setting the Western Hemisphere “off limits”
11. Popular Sovereignty (and its part in the slavery issues)
12. John Brown – Abolitionist crusader who was shot at Harper’s Ferry attempting to inspire slaves
to fight for their freedom. He was hung by the state of Virginia.
13. Marbury v. Madison – Court case that established Judicial Review for the Supreme Court
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14. Dred Scott v. Sanford – A landmark ruling that held that slaves were property and could not be
citizens. It greatly contributed to the tension leading up to the Civil War.
15. Mcculloch v. Maryland – established the broad powers of Congress
16. Worcester v. Georgia – Jackson opposed the decision of the Supreme Court regarding his Indian
policies.
17. Jefferson Davis – President of the Confederacy
18. Stephen Douglas – Debated Lincoln and a powerful congressman from Illinois
19. Secede – When a state withdraws from a country or union.
20. Anaconda Plan – Scott’s Union plan to choke the Confederacy with blockades.
21. John Fremont – First Republican candidate for President (from California)
22. Emancipation Proclamation – Lincoln declared the slaves free (emancipated)
23. “Total War” – making war against everything that could support the enemy army
24. Temperance – supported the outlawing of alcohol
25. Abolition – get rid of slavery
26. Suffrage – the right to vote
What were some of the decisions and influences of the Supreme Court on the road to the Civil War?
In the Dred Scott decision they ruled slavery could not legally be banned in any territory, and declared
that the Bill of Rights protected slavery and slaveholders.
Discuss the early history of the Republican Party.
Formed by Northerners who wanted to keep slavery from expanding out of the South.
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Which states seceded prior to the Civil War?
Texas, South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia
Know the dates for:
Compromise of 1850 - 1850
Dred Scott Decision – 1857
Lincoln Douglas Debates - 1858
Battle at Fort Sumter – April 1861
First Battle of Bull Run – July 1861
Battle of Shiloh – April, 1862
Battle of Antietam – September 1862
Emancipation Proclamation – January 1863
Battle of Gettysburg – July 1863
Battle of Vicksburg – July, 1863
Gettysburg Address – November 1863
Sherman’s “March to the Sea” – March, 1864
Texas enters USA as state - 1845
California enters USA as state – 1850 in the Compromise of 1850
Oregon enters USA as state – February, 1859
Kansas enters USA as state – January, 1861
Nebraska enters USA as state – March, 1867
What were the border states at the start of the Civil War?
Maryland, West Virginia, Kentucky, Delaware, and Missouri
What were the economic differences between the North and the South at the start of the Civil War?
The North had more manufacturing than the South, the North had more railroad and transportation
systems, the North had a more diverse economy (the South was focused on King Cotton). Plantation
farmers in the South needed cheap slave labor to earn more money from cotton production.
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What were Union advantages at the beginning of the Civil War?
More factories, more miles of railroad, and a stronger Navy
What were Confederate advantages at the beginning of the Civil War?
Better Generals and stronger fighting spirit
Briefly discuss key Union and Key Confederate generals?
Union (North) – George Meade, Ulysses S. Grant was the last commander of the Union Army, William T.
Sherman
Confederate (South) – Robert E. Lee (Fought in the Mexican War, Won at the battles of Chancellorsville
and Fredericksburg, Surrendered at Appomattox Court House, Commander of the Confederate Army),
“Stonewall” Jackson (lost his left arm in battle), P.G.T. Beaugregard, Longstreet
List the states that fought with the Union and the states that fought with the Confederacy:
Union – Pennsylvania, Ohio, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Oregon, California, Kansas, Minnesota, Iowa,
Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, New York, Maine
Confederate – South Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Alabama, Florida, North
Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee
List the key aspects of the war strategies of the Union and the Confederacy:
Union – To capture Richmond, Virginia; to divide the Confederacy; to set up a blockade of the ports; to
control the Mississippi River; Scott’s Anaconda Plan (squeeze the economy of the South)
Confederacy – First it was defensive, “leave us alone”, used King Cotton to build bridges to foreign
countries, ultimately tried for big victories to wreck Northern morale
List some key facts about the following battles or events:
First Battle of Bull Run – July, 1861 Confederate Victory
Shiloh – April, 1862 Union Victory (Tennessee)
Battle of New Orleans – April, 1862 Union won and gained control of the largest city in the South and a
major port
Second Battle of Bull Run – August, 1862 Another defeat for the Union army near Washington DC
Antietam – September, 1862 Bloodiest day of fighting in USA history
Chancellorsville – April, 1863 Confederate Victory (Stonewall Jackson was shot by own men)
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Gettysburg – July, 1863 Turning point of the Civil War / Lee suffered defeat (Pennsylvania)
Vicksburg – July, 1863 Gave the Union Army control of the Mississippi River (Mississippi)
Battle of the Wilderness – May 1864, part of Grant’s Virginia campaign to end the war.
Surrender at Appomattox Court House – April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders to Grant
Discuss technological advances that made the Civil War more deadly:
Rifles were much more accurate and deadly yet they fought with much of the same methods as before
Not a lot of medical advances - Diseases spread through camps because of unsanitary practices.
Why was the Civil War more destructive on the South than the North?
Most major battles took place in the South, Sherman’s March to the Sea
Battle of Fredericksburg – December, 1862 Confederate Victory
Lincoln was President for the duration of the Civil War and argued in his first Inaugural Address that
the government was a Union of the people and not of the states, therefore states could not secede.
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