Recall, Recognition, and Confidence Patterns
... 5-point scale to rate their response con®dence, 1 meaning no certainty and 5 meaning absolute certainty. Procedure The subjects in the incidental group were called to carry out an experiment on time perception. After broadly outlining some of the results obtained in classical experiments conducted i ...
... 5-point scale to rate their response con®dence, 1 meaning no certainty and 5 meaning absolute certainty. Procedure The subjects in the incidental group were called to carry out an experiment on time perception. After broadly outlining some of the results obtained in classical experiments conducted i ...
BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESS
... questions and problems from a different perspective. While each branch has its own focus on psychological problems or concerns, all areas share a common goal of studying and explaining human thought and behavior. The following are some of the major branches of psychology within the field today. Abno ...
... questions and problems from a different perspective. While each branch has its own focus on psychological problems or concerns, all areas share a common goal of studying and explaining human thought and behavior. The following are some of the major branches of psychology within the field today. Abno ...
Effects of Involvement on Persuasion
... The opposite prediction about involvement's effects was generated by Zimbardo (1960)within a cognitive dissonance framework. Following Festinger's (1957) claim that the magnitude of the dissonance created by the juxtaposition of inconsistent cognitive elements increases with the importance of the de ...
... The opposite prediction about involvement's effects was generated by Zimbardo (1960)within a cognitive dissonance framework. Following Festinger's (1957) claim that the magnitude of the dissonance created by the juxtaposition of inconsistent cognitive elements increases with the importance of the de ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... with a communicative intent, they may be molded by the demands of the communication process per se (e.g., characteristics of the recipient to whom target impressions are to be communicated), instead of or in addition to being shaped by relevant, accessible constructs. This article is concerned with ...
... with a communicative intent, they may be molded by the demands of the communication process per se (e.g., characteristics of the recipient to whom target impressions are to be communicated), instead of or in addition to being shaped by relevant, accessible constructs. This article is concerned with ...
Shame in Two Cultures: Implications for
... (Benedict, 1946; Mead, 1937), a position that has been revived somewhat by work on individualism/collectivism (Hofstede, 1991). Since the goal of the present research was to use cross-cultural comparisons to gain a more complete understanding of shame, it was important to first establish the salienc ...
... (Benedict, 1946; Mead, 1937), a position that has been revived somewhat by work on individualism/collectivism (Hofstede, 1991). Since the goal of the present research was to use cross-cultural comparisons to gain a more complete understanding of shame, it was important to first establish the salienc ...
Brief biography of B.F. Skinner Early Life B. F. Skinner was born on
... Skinner's first teaching machine simply presented problems in random order for students to do, with feedback after each one. But this machine did not teach new behavior. All it did was give more practice on skills already learned. Within three years, however, Skinner developed programmed instructio ...
... Skinner's first teaching machine simply presented problems in random order for students to do, with feedback after each one. But this machine did not teach new behavior. All it did was give more practice on skills already learned. Within three years, however, Skinner developed programmed instructio ...
High and Low Prevalence - ePrints Soton
... 2011). During each trial, a scene or display is first presented, and participants then engage with that scene. Then, after a pre-defined number of fixations have been made, the display is removed from view for a brief interval of time. After a second interval of time has elapsed with a blank screen, ...
... 2011). During each trial, a scene or display is first presented, and participants then engage with that scene. Then, after a pre-defined number of fixations have been made, the display is removed from view for a brief interval of time. After a second interval of time has elapsed with a blank screen, ...
Fritz Heider: Philosopher and Psychologist
... at this high-powered university, which was then in its golden age. He had contact, among others, with Ernst Cassirer, the eminent philosopher; Heinz Werner, an influential psychologist; and Jakob von Uexküll, the well-known biologist. In collaboration with Werner he also organized a meeting in Rosto ...
... at this high-powered university, which was then in its golden age. He had contact, among others, with Ernst Cassirer, the eminent philosopher; Heinz Werner, an influential psychologist; and Jakob von Uexküll, the well-known biologist. In collaboration with Werner he also organized a meeting in Rosto ...
CHAPTER 13 – Personality, attitudes, arousal and anxiety
... In the sporting situation, this could be due to a continuous losing streak at soccer, failure to qualify for an important competition, or failure to improve training marks after an extensive and intense exercise regime. A sportsperson must learn how to manage and control stress if he or she is going ...
... In the sporting situation, this could be due to a continuous losing streak at soccer, failure to qualify for an important competition, or failure to improve training marks after an extensive and intense exercise regime. A sportsperson must learn how to manage and control stress if he or she is going ...
Chapter 6 Learning
... they are disturbed by the notion that thoughts, beliefs and emotions are not the cause of behavior. A behaviorist would argue that past outcomes of behaviors have caused the thoughts, beliefs and emotions. How could you scientifically support the idea that thoughts, beliefs and emotions exist indepe ...
... they are disturbed by the notion that thoughts, beliefs and emotions are not the cause of behavior. A behaviorist would argue that past outcomes of behaviors have caused the thoughts, beliefs and emotions. How could you scientifically support the idea that thoughts, beliefs and emotions exist indepe ...
Pavlovian Contingencies and Temporal Information
... Second, we used an algorithm that finds change points in cumulative records (Gallistel, Fairhurst, & Balsam, 2004). First, we computed the cumulative record of responses versus trials. If the average rate (responses per trial) remains constant, then the slope of the cumulative record will be constan ...
... Second, we used an algorithm that finds change points in cumulative records (Gallistel, Fairhurst, & Balsam, 2004). First, we computed the cumulative record of responses versus trials. If the average rate (responses per trial) remains constant, then the slope of the cumulative record will be constan ...
Effects of Emotional Valence and Arousal on Recollective and
... The authors investigated the effects of valence and arousal on memory using a dual-process model that quantifies recollective and nonrecollective components of recall without relying on metacognitive judgments to separate them. The results showed that valenced words increased reconstruction (a compo ...
... The authors investigated the effects of valence and arousal on memory using a dual-process model that quantifies recollective and nonrecollective components of recall without relying on metacognitive judgments to separate them. The results showed that valenced words increased reconstruction (a compo ...
Chess and content-oriented psychology of thinking
... Memory has been very important in chess psychology for numerous reasons. Memory is the basis of skills and learning, but memory is also the very platform for thinking. Consequently, memory concepts can be widely used in explaining thought-related phenomena and this is a reason why memory has had suc ...
... Memory has been very important in chess psychology for numerous reasons. Memory is the basis of skills and learning, but memory is also the very platform for thinking. Consequently, memory concepts can be widely used in explaining thought-related phenomena and this is a reason why memory has had suc ...
A Hierarchical Instrumental Decision Theory of Nicotine Dependence
... function underpinning tobacco-seeking and self-administration across the extent of a drug user’s drug-taking history. The core proposition is that individuals come in contact with the instrumental contingency between the tobacco-seeking response and the nicotine outcome, and hence propositional exp ...
... function underpinning tobacco-seeking and self-administration across the extent of a drug user’s drug-taking history. The core proposition is that individuals come in contact with the instrumental contingency between the tobacco-seeking response and the nicotine outcome, and hence propositional exp ...
The Effect of Social Disclosure on the Intensity of Affect Provoked by
... events, lessening the emotional impact of those memories over time (Beike & Landoll, 2000). Finally, the effort involved in preparing event descriptions for public consumption might itself help to lower the intensity of affect associated with unpleasant event memories (Pennebaker, 1997a). The second l ...
... events, lessening the emotional impact of those memories over time (Beike & Landoll, 2000). Finally, the effort involved in preparing event descriptions for public consumption might itself help to lower the intensity of affect associated with unpleasant event memories (Pennebaker, 1997a). The second l ...
Eyewitness testimonies: The memory and meta
... information about an event was investigated. The results suggest that discussions of an experienced event may reduce some of the beneficial memory and meta-memory effects caused by mere retellings, but may not have great negative effects compared to a control condition. Analysis of the type of quest ...
... information about an event was investigated. The results suggest that discussions of an experienced event may reduce some of the beneficial memory and meta-memory effects caused by mere retellings, but may not have great negative effects compared to a control condition. Analysis of the type of quest ...
Remembering You: Effects of Gender Identity and Narrative Recall
... one believes the self to be. In fact, studies (e.g., Markus, 1977; Markus et aI, 1982) reveal that self-schemas have a major influence over participants' selection of words, the kinds of self descriptions endorsed or reported, how fast individuals process information, and how quickly they react to ...
... one believes the self to be. In fact, studies (e.g., Markus, 1977; Markus et aI, 1982) reveal that self-schemas have a major influence over participants' selection of words, the kinds of self descriptions endorsed or reported, how fast individuals process information, and how quickly they react to ...
Attitude Change: Multiple Roles for Persuasion
... (e.g., the need to form an opinion about an upcoming decision), so too are there individual differences in this need. They observed that some people were higher in their “need to evaluate” than others and these individuals were more likely to engage in on-line evaluation of a variety of stimuli and ...
... (e.g., the need to form an opinion about an upcoming decision), so too are there individual differences in this need. They observed that some people were higher in their “need to evaluate” than others and these individuals were more likely to engage in on-line evaluation of a variety of stimuli and ...
Incredibly different or differently credible?
... – to increase and improve understanding of autism amongst police – to improve access to police services and wider criminal justice system – because adults with autism typically fall between two stools - learning disability and mental illness (autism falls within neither category) ...
... – to increase and improve understanding of autism amongst police – to improve access to police services and wider criminal justice system – because adults with autism typically fall between two stools - learning disability and mental illness (autism falls within neither category) ...
Creating memory illusions: Expectancy
... delineate the conditions under which category-based thinking prompts the elicitation of false memories. Noting fundamental differences in the manner in which expected and unexpected person-related information is processed and represented in the mind, it was anticipated that, via gist-based recogniti ...
... delineate the conditions under which category-based thinking prompts the elicitation of false memories. Noting fundamental differences in the manner in which expected and unexpected person-related information is processed and represented in the mind, it was anticipated that, via gist-based recogniti ...
How Mimicry Affects Executive and Self
... process. Not only are many physical movements precisely coordinated but coordination can entail either the presence or absence of imitation depending on one’s changing social motives and contexts. Yet despite the complexity of the physical and social coordination processes involved, mimicry changes ...
... process. Not only are many physical movements precisely coordinated but coordination can entail either the presence or absence of imitation depending on one’s changing social motives and contexts. Yet despite the complexity of the physical and social coordination processes involved, mimicry changes ...
Mental rotation impairs attention shifting and short
... in multitasking, in the sense that only one response can be selected at a time. Even though the response-selection bottleneck model has been very successful in explaining a wide variety of observations (see Pashler, 1994, for an overview), there is increasing evidence that response selection is not ...
... in multitasking, in the sense that only one response can be selected at a time. Even though the response-selection bottleneck model has been very successful in explaining a wide variety of observations (see Pashler, 1994, for an overview), there is increasing evidence that response selection is not ...
A comparison of response-contingent and noncontingent pairing in
... response), it may be less salient to the organism that the contingencies have changed (the SR will no longer be delivered). This ambiguity could maintain responding longer than extinction from a primary reinforcement schedule in which a previously associated stimulus (in this case, the CS) is not de ...
... response), it may be less salient to the organism that the contingencies have changed (the SR will no longer be delivered). This ambiguity could maintain responding longer than extinction from a primary reinforcement schedule in which a previously associated stimulus (in this case, the CS) is not de ...
Influences of emotion on context memory while viewing film clips
... (Loftus, Loftus, & Messo, 1987; Safer, Christianson, Autry, & Oserlund, 1998; Christianson & Loftus, 1991). Based on this view, subsequent memory performance is determined by the degree of attention directed to stimulus features (see also Reisberg & Heuer, 2004; Seibert & Ellis, 1991). Cue utilizati ...
... (Loftus, Loftus, & Messo, 1987; Safer, Christianson, Autry, & Oserlund, 1998; Christianson & Loftus, 1991). Based on this view, subsequent memory performance is determined by the degree of attention directed to stimulus features (see also Reisberg & Heuer, 2004; Seibert & Ellis, 1991). Cue utilizati ...
Second-order conditioning of human causal learning
... never presented together would also bear out those associative models proposing a direct connection between causes (CS) and eVects (US), independently of any CR elicitation that could also be inXuenced by other factors, such as context, memory, and emotion. The second and more important objective wa ...
... never presented together would also bear out those associative models proposing a direct connection between causes (CS) and eVects (US), independently of any CR elicitation that could also be inXuenced by other factors, such as context, memory, and emotion. The second and more important objective wa ...