A Critical Analysis of the Kyoto Protocol using Monte Carlo
... used to quantify the total anthropogenic emissions of signatory parties between 1990 and 2009, found to have been reduced by approximately 18 percent of base year levels. Using IPCC Special Report Emissions Scenarios (SRES) as a practicable baseline for non-mitigation, three distinct intervention sc ...
... used to quantify the total anthropogenic emissions of signatory parties between 1990 and 2009, found to have been reduced by approximately 18 percent of base year levels. Using IPCC Special Report Emissions Scenarios (SRES) as a practicable baseline for non-mitigation, three distinct intervention sc ...
Emergence of polycentric climate governance and
... Two important challenges remain for those working on national policies. First, scholars must find better ways to define and track policy adoptions and innovations; an under-appreciated challenge when policy-making activity is constant and no single actor is responsible for collecting comparable data ...
... Two important challenges remain for those working on national policies. First, scholars must find better ways to define and track policy adoptions and innovations; an under-appreciated challenge when policy-making activity is constant and no single actor is responsible for collecting comparable data ...
GCOS Switzerland
... paper describes the GCOS implementation in Switzerland and highlights some major achievements over the last few years. The Swiss GCOS Office was established at the Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss in February 2006, to coordinate all climate-relevant measurements in Switzerlan ...
... paper describes the GCOS implementation in Switzerland and highlights some major achievements over the last few years. The Swiss GCOS Office was established at the Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss in February 2006, to coordinate all climate-relevant measurements in Switzerlan ...
Sustainability and Risk: Climate Change and Fiduciary Duty WORKSHOP REPORT
... To protect the value of pension investments, trustees concerned with important long-term issues like corporate governance are now considering the issue of climate risk. On September 23, 2004, Ceres and the Kennedy School of Government presented a unique workshop on this issue for pension fund truste ...
... To protect the value of pension investments, trustees concerned with important long-term issues like corporate governance are now considering the issue of climate risk. On September 23, 2004, Ceres and the Kennedy School of Government presented a unique workshop on this issue for pension fund truste ...
Extreme!Events!and!Climate!
... the past decades. A higher confidence in future changes in such extremes necessitates to have a better knowledge about extremes behavior in the past climate. The last millennium is well documented in terms of climate forcings. Modelling e↵orts have provided a wealth of climate simulations covering t ...
... the past decades. A higher confidence in future changes in such extremes necessitates to have a better knowledge about extremes behavior in the past climate. The last millennium is well documented in terms of climate forcings. Modelling e↵orts have provided a wealth of climate simulations covering t ...
Potential effects of climate change on geographic distribution
... useful for estimating such patterns and the resultant risk of extinction. It can produce spatially explicit and comprehensive maps that are particularly valuable for identifying areas where conservation efforts and management strategies are most needed. Our main objective is to apply an SDM approach ...
... useful for estimating such patterns and the resultant risk of extinction. It can produce spatially explicit and comprehensive maps that are particularly valuable for identifying areas where conservation efforts and management strategies are most needed. Our main objective is to apply an SDM approach ...
Horticulture
... Warmer winters are likely to improve survival of plant pathogens and higher average temperatures throughout the year will accelerate pathogen life cycles. (H) Presence of free water is very important for successful completion of the life cycles of many micro-organisms. For fungi, both infection and ...
... Warmer winters are likely to improve survival of plant pathogens and higher average temperatures throughout the year will accelerate pathogen life cycles. (H) Presence of free water is very important for successful completion of the life cycles of many micro-organisms. For fungi, both infection and ...
The Emergence of Climate Change Mitigation Action by Society: An
... system in which climate change takes place (van Vuuren et al. 2012). Scenarios provide an intuitive means to characterise and communicate information about uncertain future states of a system (Hughes 2009; Bryant & J 2010; Gerst et al. 2013a). 1.5 In contrast to conventional scenario development pro ...
... system in which climate change takes place (van Vuuren et al. 2012). Scenarios provide an intuitive means to characterise and communicate information about uncertain future states of a system (Hughes 2009; Bryant & J 2010; Gerst et al. 2013a). 1.5 In contrast to conventional scenario development pro ...
Outcome and Indian stance in COPs 1 - 21
... whether the sum total of contributions is adequate to achieve the global goal of containing temperature rise to below 2 degree Celsius by the end of the century from pre- industrial levels. Any gap between the two could mean pressure on countries to re-submit their INDCs or enhance their contributio ...
... whether the sum total of contributions is adequate to achieve the global goal of containing temperature rise to below 2 degree Celsius by the end of the century from pre- industrial levels. Any gap between the two could mean pressure on countries to re-submit their INDCs or enhance their contributio ...
the american council on science and health presents
... According to most computer simulations, global cli mate change would develop slowly. Timely, vigorous, wellfinanced medical-research and public health efforts against major real-life health problems should provide tools that would be effective against most of the potential adverse 21st century heal ...
... According to most computer simulations, global cli mate change would develop slowly. Timely, vigorous, wellfinanced medical-research and public health efforts against major real-life health problems should provide tools that would be effective against most of the potential adverse 21st century heal ...
Yearly and Seasonal Ground Temperature Variations
... environments commonly contain temporarily frozen ground called the active layer and permafrost (ground that remains frozen at 0°C or below for two or more consecutive years) (Kneisel, 2010). The temperature of the ground at these locations is typically regulated by solar radiation, snow cover thickn ...
... environments commonly contain temporarily frozen ground called the active layer and permafrost (ground that remains frozen at 0°C or below for two or more consecutive years) (Kneisel, 2010). The temperature of the ground at these locations is typically regulated by solar radiation, snow cover thickn ...
Climate Change Awareness - Minnesota Department of Health
... PFA Mobile™ lets responders review PFA guidelines and assess their readiness to deliver PFA in the field. The app provides additional support for successful interactions with different survival groups. ...
... PFA Mobile™ lets responders review PFA guidelines and assess their readiness to deliver PFA in the field. The app provides additional support for successful interactions with different survival groups. ...
Voluntary Cooperation Programme and
... Norway GFCS Programme for Africa An agreement was signed on 9 December 2011 in Durban between the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs WMO, regarding financial assistance to the programme “Global Framework for Climate Services – (GFCS) Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction in Africa”. The Goal of ...
... Norway GFCS Programme for Africa An agreement was signed on 9 December 2011 in Durban between the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs WMO, regarding financial assistance to the programme “Global Framework for Climate Services – (GFCS) Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction in Africa”. The Goal of ...
Climate extremes indices in the CMIP5 multimodel ensemble: Part 2
... Received 5 July 2012; revised 1 November 2012; accepted 1 November 2012; published 25 March 2013. ...
... Received 5 July 2012; revised 1 November 2012; accepted 1 November 2012; published 25 March 2013. ...
Document
... 2. Leeway taxonomy by Allen and Plourde (1999) combined results into 63 categories. ...
... 2. Leeway taxonomy by Allen and Plourde (1999) combined results into 63 categories. ...
- ePrints Soton
... Deforestation causes changes in albedo, evapotranspiration rates and water balance [19], establishing land-climate feedbacks that affect atmospheric circulation and rainfall [20]. Moreover, atmospheric changes associated with large-scale deforestation are not restricted to deforested habitats, but a ...
... Deforestation causes changes in albedo, evapotranspiration rates and water balance [19], establishing land-climate feedbacks that affect atmospheric circulation and rainfall [20]. Moreover, atmospheric changes associated with large-scale deforestation are not restricted to deforested habitats, but a ...
Transcript from COP-22 Ocean Panel moderated by Fred Krueger
... Now given the importance of oceans to the climate system, and for taxonomic, for biodiversity, for producing oxygen, for holding heat, it was not even 10 years ago that the standard model for measuring climate change failed to include the oceans. To me that’s amazing. While I may say that the ocean ...
... Now given the importance of oceans to the climate system, and for taxonomic, for biodiversity, for producing oxygen, for holding heat, it was not even 10 years ago that the standard model for measuring climate change failed to include the oceans. To me that’s amazing. While I may say that the ocean ...
Poverty and climate change: Natural disasters, agricultural
... Climate change will impact agricultural and land productivity, especially for major crops (wheat, rice and maize) in tropical and temperate regions, with higher emissions pathways worsening the impacts (Porter et al. 2014). Under the most optimistic climate scenario – and with CO2 fertilization (an ...
... Climate change will impact agricultural and land productivity, especially for major crops (wheat, rice and maize) in tropical and temperate regions, with higher emissions pathways worsening the impacts (Porter et al. 2014). Under the most optimistic climate scenario – and with CO2 fertilization (an ...
GSK Public policy positions
... layer will be depleting to a minimum level during the next few years before slowly returning to normal levels during the second half of this century. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have been developed to replace ODSs and their use is becoming more widespread. However, while HFCs do not deplete the ozone ...
... layer will be depleting to a minimum level during the next few years before slowly returning to normal levels during the second half of this century. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have been developed to replace ODSs and their use is becoming more widespread. However, while HFCs do not deplete the ozone ...
Submission PDF Communicating the deadly consequences of
... frequency explains why global heat stress should be expected to follow a non-linear relationship with global mean air temperature over the range considered here. With the area-weighted (where is the fraction of the mean heat stress defined as Earth’s land surface experiencing dangerous HI, and is th ...
... frequency explains why global heat stress should be expected to follow a non-linear relationship with global mean air temperature over the range considered here. With the area-weighted (where is the fraction of the mean heat stress defined as Earth’s land surface experiencing dangerous HI, and is th ...
Domestic dynamics and international influence
... climate change, and they do not add up to a global response that would limit climate change risks to an acceptable level, often understood to mean less than 2oC of average warming. Nevertheless, they constitute a growing aspect of public policy and legislative activity in parliaments around the worl ...
... climate change, and they do not add up to a global response that would limit climate change risks to an acceptable level, often understood to mean less than 2oC of average warming. Nevertheless, they constitute a growing aspect of public policy and legislative activity in parliaments around the worl ...
Toward Climate Resilience - Union of Concerned Scientists
... 2015; Odum 1983; Patten and Odum 1981). A systems approach can help decision makers understand how a change in one component of the system can trigger changes in other components. For example, a dam can reduce the downstream flow of nutrients, which can reduce the vitality of marsh lands; this in t ...
... 2015; Odum 1983; Patten and Odum 1981). A systems approach can help decision makers understand how a change in one component of the system can trigger changes in other components. For example, a dam can reduce the downstream flow of nutrients, which can reduce the vitality of marsh lands; this in t ...
Long-Term Ecological Records and Their Relevance to Climate
... modeling output and data from fossil and molecular records paint a bleak picture (Loarie et al. 2009). In Malcolm et al. (2002), which examined output from 14 general circulation models (GCMs) and global vegetation models (GVMs), the results indicated that for many plant species, rates of up to 1,00 ...
... modeling output and data from fossil and molecular records paint a bleak picture (Loarie et al. 2009). In Malcolm et al. (2002), which examined output from 14 general circulation models (GCMs) and global vegetation models (GVMs), the results indicated that for many plant species, rates of up to 1,00 ...
Effects of land use/land cover and climate changes on surface runoff
... Because the JRB transports the largest volume of sediment from the Loess Plateau to the Yellow River, hydrological studies of the basin have primarily assessed the impacts of soil and water conservation measures on surface runoff and sediment transport (e.g., Feng et al., 2012; He et al., 2015; Peng ...
... Because the JRB transports the largest volume of sediment from the Loess Plateau to the Yellow River, hydrological studies of the basin have primarily assessed the impacts of soil and water conservation measures on surface runoff and sediment transport (e.g., Feng et al., 2012; He et al., 2015; Peng ...