unlocking the climate puzzle
... In 2015, researchers at the IMF estimated that the cost to society for underpricing fossil fuels is $5.3 trillion per year, or 6.5 percent of global GDP.9 That includes direct energy subsidies by governments, and undercharging for the environmental and health damage caused by local air pollution and ...
... In 2015, researchers at the IMF estimated that the cost to society for underpricing fossil fuels is $5.3 trillion per year, or 6.5 percent of global GDP.9 That includes direct energy subsidies by governments, and undercharging for the environmental and health damage caused by local air pollution and ...
Ocean heat uptake and the global surface temperature record
... analysis employed11, but even taking the choice of start date and analysis methods into account there may have been a slowdown in surface temperature rise over the last decade. In this paper we consider the contribution that changing ocean heat uptake could have made to this hiatus. The rate of temp ...
... analysis employed11, but even taking the choice of start date and analysis methods into account there may have been a slowdown in surface temperature rise over the last decade. In this paper we consider the contribution that changing ocean heat uptake could have made to this hiatus. The rate of temp ...
Glaciological conditions in seven contrasting regions estimated with
... Raper and Braithwaite, 2006), there is still no general agreement on how to calculate changes in glacier melting for projections of future sea level. Most people would probably agree, however, that the ultimate aim is to develop a glacier melt model that can (1) receive input from a Global Climate M ...
... Raper and Braithwaite, 2006), there is still no general agreement on how to calculate changes in glacier melting for projections of future sea level. Most people would probably agree, however, that the ultimate aim is to develop a glacier melt model that can (1) receive input from a Global Climate M ...
Trends in Observation and Research of Deep Ocean Circulation and
... which reaches the deepest layers in each ocean, seawater flows into the deepest layer in the Antarctic area and moves northward along the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian ocean floors and then flows southward through intermediate and deep layers. This is called Antarctic Overturn. The seawater which f l ...
... which reaches the deepest layers in each ocean, seawater flows into the deepest layer in the Antarctic area and moves northward along the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian ocean floors and then flows southward through intermediate and deep layers. This is called Antarctic Overturn. The seawater which f l ...
Identification of Synchronous Machine Magnetization
... synchronous machine, whose core losses have been determined experimentally using calorimetric measurements. However, our loss models identified from the standard Epsteinframe measurements of the original steel strips underestimate these core losses [10]. Here we assume that this underestimation is m ...
... synchronous machine, whose core losses have been determined experimentally using calorimetric measurements. However, our loss models identified from the standard Epsteinframe measurements of the original steel strips underestimate these core losses [10]. Here we assume that this underestimation is m ...
Climate Change: Top 10 Precepts for U.S. Foreign Policy
... if developing country emissions grew unabated. Second, failure to achieve global coverage would undermine the efforts of those accepting emissions limitations by creating the potential for emissions to “leak” from countries with emissions constraints to those outside of the international regime. Fin ...
... if developing country emissions grew unabated. Second, failure to achieve global coverage would undermine the efforts of those accepting emissions limitations by creating the potential for emissions to “leak” from countries with emissions constraints to those outside of the international regime. Fin ...
greenhouse - viXra.org
... 2009). In fact, it isn’t, unless you whitewash the roof of the greenhouse to simulate increases in cloud cover due to the evaporation of water from oceans! A greenhouse is a false model for CO2 effects, because unlike a greenhouse the earth’s surface area is 70% water, which evaporates faster when C ...
... 2009). In fact, it isn’t, unless you whitewash the roof of the greenhouse to simulate increases in cloud cover due to the evaporation of water from oceans! A greenhouse is a false model for CO2 effects, because unlike a greenhouse the earth’s surface area is 70% water, which evaporates faster when C ...
Climate Change and Heat Deaths: Newest Estimates
... estimates in this study do not explicitly model GHG emission control policies, but are considered an approximate surrogates for an intensive greenhouse gas emission control policy (B1), or a business-as-usual option (A1F1). The AOGCM simulations were then developed using these carbon equivalent valu ...
... estimates in this study do not explicitly model GHG emission control policies, but are considered an approximate surrogates for an intensive greenhouse gas emission control policy (B1), or a business-as-usual option (A1F1). The AOGCM simulations were then developed using these carbon equivalent valu ...
The Short-Term Temptations and Long
... use of catastrophic rhetoric in the 1960s and 1970s for today’s environmental challenges, in particular climate change.7 Once again, we face a situation, at least in the United States, where both the public and policymakers do not seem to have appropriate urgency and willingness to take action to ba ...
... use of catastrophic rhetoric in the 1960s and 1970s for today’s environmental challenges, in particular climate change.7 Once again, we face a situation, at least in the United States, where both the public and policymakers do not seem to have appropriate urgency and willingness to take action to ba ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... due to warming and freshening of the surface ocean is expected to result in increased mean irradiance exposures for populations inhabiting the upper mixed layer. Higher rainfall, ice melting, warming, and changing wind patterns under altered climate regimes can all contribute to mixed layer shoaling ...
... due to warming and freshening of the surface ocean is expected to result in increased mean irradiance exposures for populations inhabiting the upper mixed layer. Higher rainfall, ice melting, warming, and changing wind patterns under altered climate regimes can all contribute to mixed layer shoaling ...
Print this article - Nepal Journals Online
... must be considered to have its own pattern of adaptation to the physical environment. These could, in turn, be classified into types or stages of adaptation based on major subsistence patterns: hunting and gathering, pastoralism, settled agriculture, and so on….Within the social sciences, at least, ...
... must be considered to have its own pattern of adaptation to the physical environment. These could, in turn, be classified into types or stages of adaptation based on major subsistence patterns: hunting and gathering, pastoralism, settled agriculture, and so on….Within the social sciences, at least, ...
A fair climate deal in Paris means adequate finance to deliver INDCs
... about exactly how much money they will provide from domestic budgets and how much they will need to raise from international donors. Some countries, including Ethiopia, do not specify where funds will come from but report an exceptionally high financial need (US$150 billion total) to implement their ...
... about exactly how much money they will provide from domestic budgets and how much they will need to raise from international donors. Some countries, including Ethiopia, do not specify where funds will come from but report an exceptionally high financial need (US$150 billion total) to implement their ...
South Africa`s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
... nationally determined contribution (INDC) on adaptation, mitigation as well as finance and investment requirements for both. This INDC has been developed on the understanding that the Paris Agreement will be binding, fair, effective and incorporate a “no-backsliding” and a “progressive” approach to ...
... nationally determined contribution (INDC) on adaptation, mitigation as well as finance and investment requirements for both. This INDC has been developed on the understanding that the Paris Agreement will be binding, fair, effective and incorporate a “no-backsliding” and a “progressive” approach to ...
Climate Finance Briefing: Small Island Developing States
... he Small Island Developing States (SIDS) together bear little responsibility for climate change, but their geographical, socioeconomic and climate profiles make them particularly vulnerable to its impacts. Spread across three regions, the 39 SIDS nations have received USD 1085 million from the dedic ...
... he Small Island Developing States (SIDS) together bear little responsibility for climate change, but their geographical, socioeconomic and climate profiles make them particularly vulnerable to its impacts. Spread across three regions, the 39 SIDS nations have received USD 1085 million from the dedic ...
impact of global warming on biodiversity
... effects, and much concern about its effects on biological diversity (Botkin, 2007). There is very little doubt today among the scientific community that anthropogenic, or human-induced, greenhouse gas pollution has contributed significantly to the global warming experienced since the beginning of th ...
... effects, and much concern about its effects on biological diversity (Botkin, 2007). There is very little doubt today among the scientific community that anthropogenic, or human-induced, greenhouse gas pollution has contributed significantly to the global warming experienced since the beginning of th ...
Response to consultation on Climate Change Bill Scotland
... RSPB and WWF in The 80% Challenge report shows that the first step towards the 80% target must be met through rapid and almost complete decarbonisation of the electricity generation sector. It is clear that while the ETS has an important role to play it is only one tool in the toolkit and certainly ...
... RSPB and WWF in The 80% Challenge report shows that the first step towards the 80% target must be met through rapid and almost complete decarbonisation of the electricity generation sector. It is clear that while the ETS has an important role to play it is only one tool in the toolkit and certainly ...
INFORMATION DOCUMENT
... confidence in projections of climate change. They are our poor understanding of ice sheet behaviour and its implications for sea-level rise, and gaps in knowledge about the hydrological and carbon cycles. It also made suggestions on the research necessary to improve performance of regional climate c ...
... confidence in projections of climate change. They are our poor understanding of ice sheet behaviour and its implications for sea-level rise, and gaps in knowledge about the hydrological and carbon cycles. It also made suggestions on the research necessary to improve performance of regional climate c ...
Interactive comment on “Relationship between climate
... between nomadic groups and agrarian societies based on careful analysis of historical documents, selected one of most reliable climatic change series reconstructed based on historical documents, and compared two sequence to analyze the influence of climate change on Sino-nomad wars. Like any other l ...
... between nomadic groups and agrarian societies based on careful analysis of historical documents, selected one of most reliable climatic change series reconstructed based on historical documents, and compared two sequence to analyze the influence of climate change on Sino-nomad wars. Like any other l ...
Impacts of climate change on the amphibians and reptiles of
... Increased temperature can result in changes in water regulation, oxygen uptake, emergence, mating, development, metamorphosis, growth, and sex reversal in amphibians (Feder and Burggren 1992). Many studies have shown that increased temperature can hasten the development rate of embryos and larvae by ...
... Increased temperature can result in changes in water regulation, oxygen uptake, emergence, mating, development, metamorphosis, growth, and sex reversal in amphibians (Feder and Burggren 1992). Many studies have shown that increased temperature can hasten the development rate of embryos and larvae by ...