Rainfall in Australia`s eastern seaboard: a review of confidence in
... individual methods, as well as provide an indication of confidence in projections based on the degree of variation between methods. The number of different modelling methods used is often limited by the available resources (e.g. computing time), and whilst GCMs have a global coverage, downscaling me ...
... individual methods, as well as provide an indication of confidence in projections based on the degree of variation between methods. The number of different modelling methods used is often limited by the available resources (e.g. computing time), and whilst GCMs have a global coverage, downscaling me ...
main factors influencing climate change: a review
... Introduction. Climate changes and global warming of our planet are one of the most debated topics in Earth, Atmospheric and Space sciences in the last 30 years. In 1975 Broecker [1 ] expressed the idea of global warming and it was accepted by many scientists. Some of them believe that climate chang ...
... Introduction. Climate changes and global warming of our planet are one of the most debated topics in Earth, Atmospheric and Space sciences in the last 30 years. In 1975 Broecker [1 ] expressed the idea of global warming and it was accepted by many scientists. Some of them believe that climate chang ...
ALAP_2014_FINAL120 - Asociación Latinoamericana de
... The SSP Scenario Framework and what it implies for Latin America and the Caribbean As discussed by Arnell et al. (2011) the SSPs were designed to include both a qualitative narrative component and a quantitative one describing the development of certain socioeconomic drivers of climate change numer ...
... The SSP Scenario Framework and what it implies for Latin America and the Caribbean As discussed by Arnell et al. (2011) the SSPs were designed to include both a qualitative narrative component and a quantitative one describing the development of certain socioeconomic drivers of climate change numer ...
Long-term macroinvertebrate responses to climate change
... In the MCR of California, temperature and precipitation extremes over the past 20 year have been analyzed using a range of time-series analyses and were determined, with high statistical confidence, to be outside of the range of natural variability (Bonfils et al. 2007, Maurer et al. 2007). Air temp ...
... In the MCR of California, temperature and precipitation extremes over the past 20 year have been analyzed using a range of time-series analyses and were determined, with high statistical confidence, to be outside of the range of natural variability (Bonfils et al. 2007, Maurer et al. 2007). Air temp ...
Chapter 2: An Overview of Canada`s Changing Climate
... A 100-year warming trend1 of 0.74°C ± 0.18 °C in global surface air temperature was observed for the period 19062005 (IPCC, 2007). Several reports, including the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Statement on the Status of the Global Climate (WMO, 2013) and the American Meteorological Society ...
... A 100-year warming trend1 of 0.74°C ± 0.18 °C in global surface air temperature was observed for the period 19062005 (IPCC, 2007). Several reports, including the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Statement on the Status of the Global Climate (WMO, 2013) and the American Meteorological Society ...
Adapting natural resource management to climate change in the
... winters with less snow and more rain, wetter springs and falls, and drier summers, combined with more frequent and severe extreme weather events. Smaller winter snowpacks that melt more rapidly will reduce late summer stream flow over most of the region. In wet cool northern subzones, increased peak ...
... winters with less snow and more rain, wetter springs and falls, and drier summers, combined with more frequent and severe extreme weather events. Smaller winter snowpacks that melt more rapidly will reduce late summer stream flow over most of the region. In wet cool northern subzones, increased peak ...
an inconvenient burden of proof? co2 nuisance plaintiffs will face
... somewhat better. While such cases are beyond the scope of this article, the analysis herein may nevertheless be applicable so far as it goes, and state case considerations are discussed briefly below. ...
... somewhat better. While such cases are beyond the scope of this article, the analysis herein may nevertheless be applicable so far as it goes, and state case considerations are discussed briefly below. ...
The Carbon Cycle - San Jose State University
... – Oceans currently cover ~ 70% of earth – Average depth of oceans: 3.5 km – Oceans store large amount of energy – Oceans dissolve carbon dioxide (more later) – Circulation driven by wind systems – Sea Level has varied significantly over Earth’s history – Slow to heat up and cool down MET 112 Global ...
... – Oceans currently cover ~ 70% of earth – Average depth of oceans: 3.5 km – Oceans store large amount of energy – Oceans dissolve carbon dioxide (more later) – Circulation driven by wind systems – Sea Level has varied significantly over Earth’s history – Slow to heat up and cool down MET 112 Global ...
Climate Change - Ku-ring-gai Council
... In Australia the average temperature has risen by 0.7°C over the last century, this warming trend appears to be in excess of the natural climate variability. If global greenhouse emissions remain unchecked and continue to rise at the current rate, Australia’s average temperature is projected to incr ...
... In Australia the average temperature has risen by 0.7°C over the last century, this warming trend appears to be in excess of the natural climate variability. If global greenhouse emissions remain unchecked and continue to rise at the current rate, Australia’s average temperature is projected to incr ...
Will we leave the Great Barrier Reef for our children?
... 433–477 ppm CO2-eq) in 2005.27 However, the cooling effects of aerosols and landuse changes reduce radiative forcing so that the net forcing of human activities was in the range of 311 to 435 ppm CO2-eq, with a central estimate of about 375 ppm CO2-eq for 2005.28 The current growth in CO2 emissions ...
... 433–477 ppm CO2-eq) in 2005.27 However, the cooling effects of aerosols and landuse changes reduce radiative forcing so that the net forcing of human activities was in the range of 311 to 435 ppm CO2-eq, with a central estimate of about 375 ppm CO2-eq for 2005.28 The current growth in CO2 emissions ...
New American Media (Opinion), January 20, 2010, by Andrew
... public. Expert and institutional capacity has been built, including the active and professional participation of women experts. However, environmental degradation is a fast process, and driven to a large part by humans. We depend on the land, the sea, the air and the biota and we have to treat them ...
... public. Expert and institutional capacity has been built, including the active and professional participation of women experts. However, environmental degradation is a fast process, and driven to a large part by humans. We depend on the land, the sea, the air and the biota and we have to treat them ...
Impacts of climate change on Blue Nile flows using bias
... 4 GCMs, Sayed (2004) expected that the change in rainfall over the Blue Nile basin would be between +2 and +11% for 2030, while rainfall over the White Nile basin would increase between 1 and 10% for the same year. The associated changes in inflow to Lake Nasser (taken as Dongola flows), derived usi ...
... 4 GCMs, Sayed (2004) expected that the change in rainfall over the Blue Nile basin would be between +2 and +11% for 2030, while rainfall over the White Nile basin would increase between 1 and 10% for the same year. The associated changes in inflow to Lake Nasser (taken as Dongola flows), derived usi ...
Chapter One - Brookings Institution
... Americans are not convinced that climate change is real or that it is caused by humans, that is not a good reason to ignore it. The failure to acknowledge the implications of climate change increases the risk of system failure for water managers. Especially for those who are operating in the “realit ...
... Americans are not convinced that climate change is real or that it is caused by humans, that is not a good reason to ignore it. The failure to acknowledge the implications of climate change increases the risk of system failure for water managers. Especially for those who are operating in the “realit ...
Climate change, food, water and population health in China
... by up to 40% due to a collapse of law and order and years of economic distress and warfare that were all underpinned by droughts and floods and associated outbreaks of famine and disease.41 The short-term, direct impact of climate change on health in China is likely to be via increased air temperatu ...
... by up to 40% due to a collapse of law and order and years of economic distress and warfare that were all underpinned by droughts and floods and associated outbreaks of famine and disease.41 The short-term, direct impact of climate change on health in China is likely to be via increased air temperatu ...
Do Stacked Species Distribution Models Reflect Altitudinal Diversity
... (non-productive) environments (e.g., alpine areas) [28,30], where diversity is primarily determined directly or indirectly by climate. In more productive environments, species responses to climatic factors alone cannot account for the key filters on the local assembly, and their stacked predictions ...
... (non-productive) environments (e.g., alpine areas) [28,30], where diversity is primarily determined directly or indirectly by climate. In more productive environments, species responses to climatic factors alone cannot account for the key filters on the local assembly, and their stacked predictions ...
Your opinion on climate change might not be as common as you think
... position is misperceived as being the majority position—a form of absolute pluralistic ignorance. A more subtle form, relative pluralistic ignorance, exists where there is a marked misperception of opinion distribution, although not to the point of misconstruing the mode11 . As with false consensus, ...
... position is misperceived as being the majority position—a form of absolute pluralistic ignorance. A more subtle form, relative pluralistic ignorance, exists where there is a marked misperception of opinion distribution, although not to the point of misconstruing the mode11 . As with false consensus, ...
Responding to Threats of Climate Change Mega
... each incremental reduction in risk achieved through abatement. In addition, whether and to what extent the options will reduce the risk of climate change catastrophes is uncertain and any risk averse decision maker would thus want to diversify. The responses vary in their anticipated effectiveness i ...
... each incremental reduction in risk achieved through abatement. In addition, whether and to what extent the options will reduce the risk of climate change catastrophes is uncertain and any risk averse decision maker would thus want to diversify. The responses vary in their anticipated effectiveness i ...
North Atlantic storminess and Atlantic Meridional Overturning
... of ENSO-induced stratospheric anomalies (Randel, 2004). Different mechanism chains could potentially modulate ENSO influence in different seasons (Moron and Plaut, 2003). Trouet et al. (2009) and Mann et al. (2009) used a combination of high-resolution proxy records and model simulations to evince a ...
... of ENSO-induced stratospheric anomalies (Randel, 2004). Different mechanism chains could potentially modulate ENSO influence in different seasons (Moron and Plaut, 2003). Trouet et al. (2009) and Mann et al. (2009) used a combination of high-resolution proxy records and model simulations to evince a ...
“It won`t be any good to have democracy if we don`t have a country
... the coalmine” (Nasheed, 2009a; see also Farbotko, 2010; Hamblyn, 2009). He then declared that the Maldives would become the world’s first carbon-neutral nation, helping “point the way out of the mine” (Nasheed, 2009a). In taking on this new geopolitical identity, citizens were encouraged to experimen ...
... the coalmine” (Nasheed, 2009a; see also Farbotko, 2010; Hamblyn, 2009). He then declared that the Maldives would become the world’s first carbon-neutral nation, helping “point the way out of the mine” (Nasheed, 2009a). In taking on this new geopolitical identity, citizens were encouraged to experimen ...
chapter
... climate system, but it varies widely over Earth’s surface by latitude (see Chapter 2 and Figures 2.9, 2.10, and 2.11). Daylength and temperature patterns vary diurnally (daily) and seasonally. The principal controls of temperature are latitude, altitude, land-water heating differences, and cloud cov ...
... climate system, but it varies widely over Earth’s surface by latitude (see Chapter 2 and Figures 2.9, 2.10, and 2.11). Daylength and temperature patterns vary diurnally (daily) and seasonally. The principal controls of temperature are latitude, altitude, land-water heating differences, and cloud cov ...
Building the niche through time: using 13,000 years of data to
... tial suitable environment and geographical range for species when projected to new areas or time periods (Dormann, 2007) because of dispersal limitation, biotic interaction or other constraining factors. In fact, even in the absence of biotic and/or dispersal limitations, SDMs calibrated considering ...
... tial suitable environment and geographical range for species when projected to new areas or time periods (Dormann, 2007) because of dispersal limitation, biotic interaction or other constraining factors. In fact, even in the absence of biotic and/or dispersal limitations, SDMs calibrated considering ...
U.S. Global Change Research Program · 1717 Pennsylvania... Washington, D.C. 20006 USA · 1-202-223-6262 (voice) ·...
... Published May 2008, the Synthesis and Assessment Product 4.3 (SAP 4.3): The Effects of Climate Change on Agriculture, Land Resources, Water Resources, and Biodiversity in the United States provided the basis of this concise report. The SAP 4.3 is the most extensive examination of the impacts of clim ...
... Published May 2008, the Synthesis and Assessment Product 4.3 (SAP 4.3): The Effects of Climate Change on Agriculture, Land Resources, Water Resources, and Biodiversity in the United States provided the basis of this concise report. The SAP 4.3 is the most extensive examination of the impacts of clim ...
T - Climate Investment Funds
... Whereas weather refers to changes in the state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time — for example whether Kingston today is warm or cool, wet or dry, cloudy or windy — climate refers to the average state of the weather over long periods of time ranging from months or seasons to years and ...
... Whereas weather refers to changes in the state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time — for example whether Kingston today is warm or cool, wet or dry, cloudy or windy — climate refers to the average state of the weather over long periods of time ranging from months or seasons to years and ...
Building a Resilient Energy Gulf Coast: Executive Report
... Swiss Re, which was a lead contributor to the research, and brought its natural catastrophe and climate risk assessment knowledge to bear on the challenge of quantifying climate risks. The methodology used in this study was previously devised and tested by a consortium of public and private partners ...
... Swiss Re, which was a lead contributor to the research, and brought its natural catastrophe and climate risk assessment knowledge to bear on the challenge of quantifying climate risks. The methodology used in this study was previously devised and tested by a consortium of public and private partners ...
Chapter 3
... The Greenhouse Effect (GHE) • Greenhouse gases (GHGs) trap outgoing heat but do not ...
... The Greenhouse Effect (GHE) • Greenhouse gases (GHGs) trap outgoing heat but do not ...