A Fast, Reciprocal Pathway between the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
... (Tsumoto and Suda, 1980; Swadlow and Weyand, 1987; Briggs and Usrey, 2005) and/or visual responses (Tsumoto and Suda, 1980; Greive and Sillito, 1995; Hirsch et al., 1998). Our results from the monkey support the view that there are functionally distinct groups of corticogeniculate neurons. Consisten ...
... (Tsumoto and Suda, 1980; Swadlow and Weyand, 1987; Briggs and Usrey, 2005) and/or visual responses (Tsumoto and Suda, 1980; Greive and Sillito, 1995; Hirsch et al., 1998). Our results from the monkey support the view that there are functionally distinct groups of corticogeniculate neurons. Consisten ...
The orbitofrontal cortex: Neuronal activity in the behaving monkey
... included numerous foods such as bananas, peanuts, raisins and other fruits, breakfast cereals, and sweets, as Well as a 2 ml syringe from which the monkey was fed blackcurrant juice. There was also a range of neutral stimuli such as gratings and laboratory objects, and aversive stimuli such as a 1 m ...
... included numerous foods such as bananas, peanuts, raisins and other fruits, breakfast cereals, and sweets, as Well as a 2 ml syringe from which the monkey was fed blackcurrant juice. There was also a range of neutral stimuli such as gratings and laboratory objects, and aversive stimuli such as a 1 m ...
Patterns of sensory intermodality relationships in the cerebral cortex
... a necessary stage before behavior can be executed. However, this aspect of sensory processing is still poorly understood. One approach to the problem in recent years was to identify candidate areas that might subserve cross-modality integration. Several physiological and anatomical studies (e.g., Jo ...
... a necessary stage before behavior can be executed. However, this aspect of sensory processing is still poorly understood. One approach to the problem in recent years was to identify candidate areas that might subserve cross-modality integration. Several physiological and anatomical studies (e.g., Jo ...
Input evoked nonlinearities in silicon dendritic circuits
... complicated dendritic structures, but the computational contribution of the dendritic tree in neuronal processing is still elusive. Experimental evidence suggests that individual dendritic branches can be considered as independent computational units, and NMDA channels located within the branches po ...
... complicated dendritic structures, but the computational contribution of the dendritic tree in neuronal processing is still elusive. Experimental evidence suggests that individual dendritic branches can be considered as independent computational units, and NMDA channels located within the branches po ...
Microinfusion of bupropion inhibits putative GABAergic ventral
... 1. Introduction: The ventral tegmental area (VTA) comprises of dopaminergic (DA) and non-dopaminergic (nonDA) neurons. The abundant non-dopaminergic neurons are gamma-aminobutyric acid releasing or putative GABAergic neurons. The VTA plays a significant role in reward, addiction, psychiatric disord ...
... 1. Introduction: The ventral tegmental area (VTA) comprises of dopaminergic (DA) and non-dopaminergic (nonDA) neurons. The abundant non-dopaminergic neurons are gamma-aminobutyric acid releasing or putative GABAergic neurons. The VTA plays a significant role in reward, addiction, psychiatric disord ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... in the primary visual cortex 17–19. Similar computations20 had been proposed previously to explain light adaptation in the retina21–24, size invariance in the fly visual system25 and associative memory in the hippocampus26. Evidence that has accumulated since then suggests that normalization plays a ...
... in the primary visual cortex 17–19. Similar computations20 had been proposed previously to explain light adaptation in the retina21–24, size invariance in the fly visual system25 and associative memory in the hippocampus26. Evidence that has accumulated since then suggests that normalization plays a ...
Bissonette Gregory B, Gentry Ronny N, Padmala Srikanth, Pessoa L
... directly reconcile both appetitive and aversive neural signals in a single task. Even fewer have addressed questions related to how anticipated appetitive and aversive outcomes interact to alter neural signals related to expected value, motivation, and salience. Here, we review studies that have add ...
... directly reconcile both appetitive and aversive neural signals in a single task. Even fewer have addressed questions related to how anticipated appetitive and aversive outcomes interact to alter neural signals related to expected value, motivation, and salience. Here, we review studies that have add ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... A third kind of computation has been seen to operate in various neural systems: divisive normalization. Normalization computes a ratio between the response of an individual neuron and the summed activity of a pool of neurons. Normalization was proposed in the early 1990s to explain non-linear proper ...
... A third kind of computation has been seen to operate in various neural systems: divisive normalization. Normalization computes a ratio between the response of an individual neuron and the summed activity of a pool of neurons. Normalization was proposed in the early 1990s to explain non-linear proper ...
Cortex, Cognition and the Cell: New Insights into the Pyramidal
... Of all cortical regions in the brain, the most extensively studied is sensory cortex. In particular, the visual cortex of the macaque monkey has been the focus of much interest due to its parallels with the human visual system (Kaas, 1992). Visual cortex, like other sensory cortices, lends itself to ...
... Of all cortical regions in the brain, the most extensively studied is sensory cortex. In particular, the visual cortex of the macaque monkey has been the focus of much interest due to its parallels with the human visual system (Kaas, 1992). Visual cortex, like other sensory cortices, lends itself to ...
Visual Attention Modulates Insight Versus Analytic Solving of Verbal
... whether people are in a mental state conducive to solving with insight. Prior to seeing each problem, participants show increased activity in the ACC before trials that they will eventually solve with insight (Kounios et al., 2006). The ACC is known to be involved in increasing top-down control of a ...
... whether people are in a mental state conducive to solving with insight. Prior to seeing each problem, participants show increased activity in the ACC before trials that they will eventually solve with insight (Kounios et al., 2006). The ACC is known to be involved in increasing top-down control of a ...
Intelligent agents capable of developing memory of their environment
... One of these is concerned with ’Bottom-up specification, design, and construction of a succession of computational models of brain function’. Our research is concerned with just such a computational model. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), have long been seen as a computational equivalent of the br ...
... One of these is concerned with ’Bottom-up specification, design, and construction of a succession of computational models of brain function’. Our research is concerned with just such a computational model. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), have long been seen as a computational equivalent of the br ...
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... Neocortical pyramidal neurons have a spike initiation zone in the apical dendrite [10,11,12,14,19]. The dendritic spike generated in this location is composed of an initial fast component that has been shown to be mediated by voltage-sensitive Na+ channels followed by a slower Ca2+-dependent compone ...
... Neocortical pyramidal neurons have a spike initiation zone in the apical dendrite [10,11,12,14,19]. The dendritic spike generated in this location is composed of an initial fast component that has been shown to be mediated by voltage-sensitive Na+ channels followed by a slower Ca2+-dependent compone ...
Convergence and Consensus in Public Reason
... Reasonable individuals often share a rationale for a decision but, in other cases, they make the same decision based on disparate and often incompatible rationales. The social contract tradition has been divided between these two methods of solving the problem of social cooperation: must social coop ...
... Reasonable individuals often share a rationale for a decision but, in other cases, they make the same decision based on disparate and often incompatible rationales. The social contract tradition has been divided between these two methods of solving the problem of social cooperation: must social coop ...
Spontaneous activity and functional connectivity in the developing
... First published July 6, 2016; doi:10.1152/jn.00461.2016.—The development of the cerebellar system depends in part on the emergence of functional connectivity in its input and output pathways. Characterization of spontaneous activity within these pathways provides insight into their functional status ...
... First published July 6, 2016; doi:10.1152/jn.00461.2016.—The development of the cerebellar system depends in part on the emergence of functional connectivity in its input and output pathways. Characterization of spontaneous activity within these pathways provides insight into their functional status ...
primary visual cortex and visual awareness
... Visual attention can be directed to a particular region of space, visual feature or object, and can enhance the neural processing of attended stimuli and suppress the processing of irrelevant stimuli. Behavioural studies indicate that attention is necessary but not sufficient for visual awareness — ...
... Visual attention can be directed to a particular region of space, visual feature or object, and can enhance the neural processing of attended stimuli and suppress the processing of irrelevant stimuli. Behavioural studies indicate that attention is necessary but not sufficient for visual awareness — ...
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... mainly solves the visual recognition problem which only simulates the ventral pathway in primate vision system. The location information is lost. Another model for general attention and recognition is Where-What Networks (WWNs) introduced by Juyang Weng and his co-workers. The network is a biologica ...
... mainly solves the visual recognition problem which only simulates the ventral pathway in primate vision system. The location information is lost. Another model for general attention and recognition is Where-What Networks (WWNs) introduced by Juyang Weng and his co-workers. The network is a biologica ...
Visual Processing in the Primate Brain
... 2000), this leads to parallel processing in which independent, specialized cells and circuits extract specific types of information simultaneously from the same position in visual space. Such parallel processing is evidenced at multiple levels of visual processing, from the retina (Wassle, 2004) to ...
... 2000), this leads to parallel processing in which independent, specialized cells and circuits extract specific types of information simultaneously from the same position in visual space. Such parallel processing is evidenced at multiple levels of visual processing, from the retina (Wassle, 2004) to ...
The neural mechanisms of perceptual filling-in
... the contrast of an object in the peripheral visual field gradually decreases, and the object finally becomes invisible. When this happens, the part of the visual field that was originally occupied by the object is filled in with the visual features of the surround. This is known as the Troxler effec ...
... the contrast of an object in the peripheral visual field gradually decreases, and the object finally becomes invisible. When this happens, the part of the visual field that was originally occupied by the object is filled in with the visual features of the surround. This is known as the Troxler effec ...
Structure and Function of Visual Area MT
... Gestalt map of major routes into MT in the manner of Felleman & Van Essen (1991). Line thickness is roughly proportional to the magnitude of the inputs, on the basis of a combination of projection neuron numbers and, where data are available, the characteristics of their axon terminals (see Figure 3 ...
... Gestalt map of major routes into MT in the manner of Felleman & Van Essen (1991). Line thickness is roughly proportional to the magnitude of the inputs, on the basis of a combination of projection neuron numbers and, where data are available, the characteristics of their axon terminals (see Figure 3 ...
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VISUAL AREA MT
... Gestalt map of major routes into MT in the manner of Felleman & Van Essen (1991). Line thickness is roughly proportional to the magnitude of the inputs, on the basis of a combination of projection neuron numbers and, where data are available, the characteristics of their axon terminals (see Figure 3 ...
... Gestalt map of major routes into MT in the manner of Felleman & Van Essen (1991). Line thickness is roughly proportional to the magnitude of the inputs, on the basis of a combination of projection neuron numbers and, where data are available, the characteristics of their axon terminals (see Figure 3 ...