Enhanced Modulation of Neuronal Activity during
... GP might regulate eye movements through the nigro-collicular descending circuitry and through the basal ganglia--thalamocortical pathways. Keywords: antisaccade, globus pallidus, inactivation, physiology, primate ...
... GP might regulate eye movements through the nigro-collicular descending circuitry and through the basal ganglia--thalamocortical pathways. Keywords: antisaccade, globus pallidus, inactivation, physiology, primate ...
Extraction of Sensory Parameters from a Neural Map by Primary
... cricket, Acheta domestica, showing the location of the abdominal nerve cord. The cerci are two abdominal appendages projecting from the rear of the animal’s body. Both cerci are covered with mechanosensory hairs, each of which is innervated with a single sensory neuron. The axons of the sensory neur ...
... cricket, Acheta domestica, showing the location of the abdominal nerve cord. The cerci are two abdominal appendages projecting from the rear of the animal’s body. Both cerci are covered with mechanosensory hairs, each of which is innervated with a single sensory neuron. The axons of the sensory neur ...
Jesús Pujol Martí Neural map organization and development in the lateral-line system
... The nervous system has seized scientists‟ attention throughout the ages. Anatomical methods are the oldest way for studying the nervous system and have uncovered basic principles of its organization, defining a valuable groundwork for understanding its functions. Another important source of informat ...
... The nervous system has seized scientists‟ attention throughout the ages. Anatomical methods are the oldest way for studying the nervous system and have uncovered basic principles of its organization, defining a valuable groundwork for understanding its functions. Another important source of informat ...
Barrel cortex function - Brain Research Institute
... question of ‘what’ is achieved by cortical processing will become increasingly important. For sensory systems this question is asked by studies on the physiology of perception (Parker and Newsome, 1998), involving simultaneous measurement of neuronal activity and the subject’s behavior and percept. ...
... question of ‘what’ is achieved by cortical processing will become increasingly important. For sensory systems this question is asked by studies on the physiology of perception (Parker and Newsome, 1998), involving simultaneous measurement of neuronal activity and the subject’s behavior and percept. ...
Shape Selectivity in Primate Frontal Eye Field
... have shown that although the initial activity of visually responsive neurons in FEF does not discriminate whether a target or distractor stimulus appears in their receptive fields, over time (⬎100 ms), the activity of FEF neurons evolves to signal the location of the task-defined target (Schall 2002 ...
... have shown that although the initial activity of visually responsive neurons in FEF does not discriminate whether a target or distractor stimulus appears in their receptive fields, over time (⬎100 ms), the activity of FEF neurons evolves to signal the location of the task-defined target (Schall 2002 ...
Coordinated Optimization of Visual Cortical Maps
... Such transient solutions are expected to be more irregular than the final attractor states. Analytical results were obtained using a perturbative treatment close to the pattern forming threshold. This perturbative treatment, however, gives no information on the speed with which singularities will cr ...
... Such transient solutions are expected to be more irregular than the final attractor states. Analytical results were obtained using a perturbative treatment close to the pattern forming threshold. This perturbative treatment, however, gives no information on the speed with which singularities will cr ...
An Integrative Theory on Prefrontal Cortex Function
... We assume that cues in the environment activate internal representations within the PFC that can select the appropriate action. This is important when the course of action is uncertain, and especially if one of the alternatives is stronger (i.e. more habitual or more salient) but produces the incorr ...
... We assume that cues in the environment activate internal representations within the PFC that can select the appropriate action. This is important when the course of action is uncertain, and especially if one of the alternatives is stronger (i.e. more habitual or more salient) but produces the incorr ...
Intrinsic laminar lattice connections in primate visual cortex
... HRP injections were made in the lateral convexity of striate cortex. Generally two injections (each estimated as 500-750 pn in diameter) were placed close together, sometimes merging into one large injection site (for instance, SM4 in Figure 1C-G, where the injection is estimated as 1.2 pm across). ...
... HRP injections were made in the lateral convexity of striate cortex. Generally two injections (each estimated as 500-750 pn in diameter) were placed close together, sometimes merging into one large injection site (for instance, SM4 in Figure 1C-G, where the injection is estimated as 1.2 pm across). ...
Qualitative Spatial Reasoning: Framework and Frontiers
... engineering reasoning (c.f. Tweney, 1990) suggests that similar constraints operate in other forms of spatial reasoning as well. While powerful, self-sufficient, purely qualitative representations for shape and space would in many ways be desirable, none has yet been found and there are good reasons ...
... engineering reasoning (c.f. Tweney, 1990) suggests that similar constraints operate in other forms of spatial reasoning as well. While powerful, self-sufficient, purely qualitative representations for shape and space would in many ways be desirable, none has yet been found and there are good reasons ...
Non-reward neural mechanisms in the orbitofrontal cortex
... positive reward prediction error (when a reward outcome is larger than expected) (Schultz, 2013), do not provide the answer to how non-reward is computed for a number of reasons (Rolls, 2014). First, they may reflect only weakly any nonreward, by having somewhat reduced firing rates below their alre ...
... positive reward prediction error (when a reward outcome is larger than expected) (Schultz, 2013), do not provide the answer to how non-reward is computed for a number of reasons (Rolls, 2014). First, they may reflect only weakly any nonreward, by having somewhat reduced firing rates below their alre ...
Stochastic neural network dynamics: synchronisation and control
... Biological brains exhibit many interesting and complex behaviours. Understanding of the mechanisms behind brain behaviours is critical for continuing advancement in fields of research such as artificial intelligence and medicine. In particular, synchronisation of neuronal firing is associated with b ...
... Biological brains exhibit many interesting and complex behaviours. Understanding of the mechanisms behind brain behaviours is critical for continuing advancement in fields of research such as artificial intelligence and medicine. In particular, synchronisation of neuronal firing is associated with b ...
Neuronal-Derived Nitric Oxide and Somatodendritically Released
... rats. The VP-eGFP neuron, or non-eGFP (OT) neuron near the preconstricted vessel, was detected using fluorescence microscopy and patched using DIC and recordings performed using the whole-cell configuration. The internal solution consisted of (in mM) the following: 135 K $ gluconate, 10 HEPES, 0.2 E ...
... rats. The VP-eGFP neuron, or non-eGFP (OT) neuron near the preconstricted vessel, was detected using fluorescence microscopy and patched using DIC and recordings performed using the whole-cell configuration. The internal solution consisted of (in mM) the following: 135 K $ gluconate, 10 HEPES, 0.2 E ...
Paying attention to consciousness - What is Neuro
... The paper starts with a brief survey of the nature of attention. I then briefly review engineering control, and more specific motor control concepts, in Section 3. A general control model for sensory attention is developed in Section 4, including simple simulations which support the presence of cert ...
... The paper starts with a brief survey of the nature of attention. I then briefly review engineering control, and more specific motor control concepts, in Section 3. A general control model for sensory attention is developed in Section 4, including simple simulations which support the presence of cert ...
Relationship of Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus–Globus Pallidus
... (0.1–100 Hz) and amplified (2000 times) with a N L104 preamplifier (Digitimer), collected on tape with concurrent spiking activity, and displayed on the same oscilloscope. Cortical spreading depression was elicited by the topical application of a 3 M potassium acetate solution unilaterally to the su ...
... (0.1–100 Hz) and amplified (2000 times) with a N L104 preamplifier (Digitimer), collected on tape with concurrent spiking activity, and displayed on the same oscilloscope. Cortical spreading depression was elicited by the topical application of a 3 M potassium acetate solution unilaterally to the su ...
Mechanism of Irregular Firing of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons
... The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus contains the primary circadian pacemaker in mammals (Gillette and Tischkau 1999). Neuronal electrical activity recorded in the SCN shows a circadian rhythm, even after the neurons are isolated (Honma et al. 1998; Liu and Reppert 2000; Welsh et al ...
... The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus contains the primary circadian pacemaker in mammals (Gillette and Tischkau 1999). Neuronal electrical activity recorded in the SCN shows a circadian rhythm, even after the neurons are isolated (Honma et al. 1998; Liu and Reppert 2000; Welsh et al ...
Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and
... duce increases in incentive salience or Pavlovian-triggered motivation (here called “wanting” in shorthand) (1, 31, 35–37). A neurochemical distinction has been made between opioid stimulation of the NAc hotspot, which amplifies hedonic impact (liking) as well as motivation (wanting) for reward, and ...
... duce increases in incentive salience or Pavlovian-triggered motivation (here called “wanting” in shorthand) (1, 31, 35–37). A neurochemical distinction has been made between opioid stimulation of the NAc hotspot, which amplifies hedonic impact (liking) as well as motivation (wanting) for reward, and ...
Vision for Prehension in the Medial Parietal Cortex - Gallettilab
... relative density of receptive fields covering that specific part of the visual field. In the dark red region, more than 200 visual receptive fields are superimposed in the same part of visual field. ipsiVF, ipsilateral part of the visual field; contraVF, contralateral part of the visual field. White dashed ...
... relative density of receptive fields covering that specific part of the visual field. In the dark red region, more than 200 visual receptive fields are superimposed in the same part of visual field. ipsiVF, ipsilateral part of the visual field; contraVF, contralateral part of the visual field. White dashed ...
On real-world temporal pattern recognition using Liquid State
... The world around us is extremely dynamic, everything changes continuously over time. Whether it’s growth, development or just plain physics, we’re surrounded with change. Nature equipped us very well to deal with it. We’re brilliant at detecting and coping with these changes, even as they do occur o ...
... The world around us is extremely dynamic, everything changes continuously over time. Whether it’s growth, development or just plain physics, we’re surrounded with change. Nature equipped us very well to deal with it. We’re brilliant at detecting and coping with these changes, even as they do occur o ...
Cellular, synaptic and network effects of neuromodulation
... that the subunit composition of each channel type can regulate its kinetics and voltage-dependence (Hille, 2001), it is clear that there are biological mechanisms for producing neurons with widely different intrinsic properties that in turn shape their responses to synaptic inputs. Small invertebrat ...
... that the subunit composition of each channel type can regulate its kinetics and voltage-dependence (Hille, 2001), it is clear that there are biological mechanisms for producing neurons with widely different intrinsic properties that in turn shape their responses to synaptic inputs. Small invertebrat ...
Computing with Spiking Neuron Networks
... non-exhaustive outline, a neuron can generate an action potential – the spike – at the soma, the cell body of the neuron. This brief electric pulse (1 or 2ms duration) then travels along the neuron’s axon, that in turn is linked up to the receiving end of other neurons, the dendrites (see Figure 1, ...
... non-exhaustive outline, a neuron can generate an action potential – the spike – at the soma, the cell body of the neuron. This brief electric pulse (1 or 2ms duration) then travels along the neuron’s axon, that in turn is linked up to the receiving end of other neurons, the dendrites (see Figure 1, ...
The neural encoding of self-generated and externally applied
... neurons in the vestibular nuclei can be divided into three primary groups on the basis of their sensitivities to applied head motion and eye movements (Cullen and McCrea 1993; Cullen ...
... neurons in the vestibular nuclei can be divided into three primary groups on the basis of their sensitivities to applied head motion and eye movements (Cullen and McCrea 1993; Cullen ...
Emotional and Behavioral Correlates of Mediodorsal Thalamic
... In an avoidance task, the rats were trained initially to lick a spout that was extended automatically for 2 sec without being signaled by any sensory stimulus. If the rat did not lick within 2 sec after spout protrusion, electric shock was delivered. No rewards were delivered during these trials, so ...
... In an avoidance task, the rats were trained initially to lick a spout that was extended automatically for 2 sec without being signaled by any sensory stimulus. If the rat did not lick within 2 sec after spout protrusion, electric shock was delivered. No rewards were delivered during these trials, so ...
Spontaneous activity in developing sensory circuits
... loosely defined as the absence of an investigator imposed task. However, it is not clear whether the immature activity patterns observed at rest are precursors of the spontaneous neuronal activity that forms resting state networks in the adult. Here, we review recent studies that have explored the ge ...
... loosely defined as the absence of an investigator imposed task. However, it is not clear whether the immature activity patterns observed at rest are precursors of the spontaneous neuronal activity that forms resting state networks in the adult. Here, we review recent studies that have explored the ge ...