This article was originally published in the
... high-conflict tasks show the greatest increases in reaction time following trials with the greatest ERN. These observations are supported by several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies showing hemodynamic responses believed to reflect the same processes that generate the ERN. Howeve ...
... high-conflict tasks show the greatest increases in reaction time following trials with the greatest ERN. These observations are supported by several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies showing hemodynamic responses believed to reflect the same processes that generate the ERN. Howeve ...
The Prefrontal Cortex and Flexible Behavior
... may arise overwhelmingly from the upper layers (II–III) of one area, mostly from the deep layers (V–VI) of another area, or in different laminar proportions in other areas. The axons of the various projection areas also terminate in different layers of the cortex of destination. Some areas innervate ...
... may arise overwhelmingly from the upper layers (II–III) of one area, mostly from the deep layers (V–VI) of another area, or in different laminar proportions in other areas. The axons of the various projection areas also terminate in different layers of the cortex of destination. Some areas innervate ...
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... at significantly slower rates. Unlike A1, neurons in PAF rarely exhibit facilitation to rapidly repeated sounds. Neurons in PAF do not exhibit strong selectivity for rate or direction of narrowband one octave FM sweeps. These results indicate that PAF, like nonprimary visual fields, processes sensor ...
... at significantly slower rates. Unlike A1, neurons in PAF rarely exhibit facilitation to rapidly repeated sounds. Neurons in PAF do not exhibit strong selectivity for rate or direction of narrowband one octave FM sweeps. These results indicate that PAF, like nonprimary visual fields, processes sensor ...
Comparison of the Distributions of lpsilaterally and Contralaterally
... hemispheres. Two strongly interconnected regions which have been the subject of intensive anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies are the area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (area PMLS) of Palmer et al. (1978). The existence of extensive interconnection ...
... hemispheres. Two strongly interconnected regions which have been the subject of intensive anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies are the area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (area PMLS) of Palmer et al. (1978). The existence of extensive interconnection ...
Convergence in Mammalian Nucleus of Solitary Tract During
... concluded with dots (water rinses). Bottom,responses to electrical stimulation of individual fungiform papillae; numbers under the data represent each papilla. The receptive field contained 22 papillae. Electrical stimulation of some papillae did not elicit a neural discharge (e.g., papillae 20, 21, ...
... concluded with dots (water rinses). Bottom,responses to electrical stimulation of individual fungiform papillae; numbers under the data represent each papilla. The receptive field contained 22 papillae. Electrical stimulation of some papillae did not elicit a neural discharge (e.g., papillae 20, 21, ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Mediates Activity
... confocal microscope, using the 488 nm argon laser line and a 505–550 nm bandpass emission filter. Image stacks (typically 10 –20 optical sections per stack) were collected at 1.5–2.5 m z-axis steps through the full extent of the dendritic tree and saved for off-line tracing and analysis. Images wer ...
... confocal microscope, using the 488 nm argon laser line and a 505–550 nm bandpass emission filter. Image stacks (typically 10 –20 optical sections per stack) were collected at 1.5–2.5 m z-axis steps through the full extent of the dendritic tree and saved for off-line tracing and analysis. Images wer ...
Somatosensory processes subserving perception and action
... suggests that the APC is important for the processing of simple somatosensory features related to both the stimulus and the part of the body that has been stimulated. Moreover, recent optical imaging of a tactile illusion suggests that the APC codes the perceived rather than physical location of per ...
... suggests that the APC is important for the processing of simple somatosensory features related to both the stimulus and the part of the body that has been stimulated. Moreover, recent optical imaging of a tactile illusion suggests that the APC codes the perceived rather than physical location of per ...
2. Mechanisms and Causal Laws
... of a radical peasant revolution rather than an urban liberal democratic movement?—a causal question The investigator’s goal--to discover circumstances in the history of the event that are causally relevant • Circumstances that had credible effects on the occurrence, timing, or character of the eve ...
... of a radical peasant revolution rather than an urban liberal democratic movement?—a causal question The investigator’s goal--to discover circumstances in the history of the event that are causally relevant • Circumstances that had credible effects on the occurrence, timing, or character of the eve ...
Neurophysiology of synesthesia. - Hal-CEA
... While there have been numerous neuroimaging studies of synesthesia, they have tended to yield somewhat inconsistent results. One thing to bear in mind when evaluating these discrepant results is that all current studies have been statistically underpowered. Standard whole brain fMRI analyses using S ...
... While there have been numerous neuroimaging studies of synesthesia, they have tended to yield somewhat inconsistent results. One thing to bear in mind when evaluating these discrepant results is that all current studies have been statistically underpowered. Standard whole brain fMRI analyses using S ...
Increased Anxiety 3 Months after Brief Exposure to MDMA
... A variety of 5-HT receptor subtypes are known to play a role in anxiety-like behavior, for example 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT3 (Griebel, 1995). The 5-HT transporter (SERT) is also known to play an important role in anxiety, and is the key target for the antidepressant drugs commonly used to tr ...
... A variety of 5-HT receptor subtypes are known to play a role in anxiety-like behavior, for example 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT3 (Griebel, 1995). The 5-HT transporter (SERT) is also known to play an important role in anxiety, and is the key target for the antidepressant drugs commonly used to tr ...
optical multistage interconnection networks
... performing a weighted sum of its inputs, and then firing a binary signal if the total input exceeds a certain level, the brain manages to perform extremely complex tasks. This is the model on which artificial neural networks are based. Thus far, artificial neural networks have not even come close to ...
... performing a weighted sum of its inputs, and then firing a binary signal if the total input exceeds a certain level, the brain manages to perform extremely complex tasks. This is the model on which artificial neural networks are based. Thus far, artificial neural networks have not even come close to ...
Sound processing by local neural populations in the
... cortical processing modules. This study was published in Nature Neuroscience in 2010 (Rothschild et al., 2010). While the functional organization of local neural populations probably subserves information processing in AC, it may actually be that behaviorally triggered reorganization of these networ ...
... cortical processing modules. This study was published in Nature Neuroscience in 2010 (Rothschild et al., 2010). While the functional organization of local neural populations probably subserves information processing in AC, it may actually be that behaviorally triggered reorganization of these networ ...
Vestibular System: The Many Facets of a
... That the brain correctly interprets linear acceleration is obvious from everyday activities. As we swing in the play ground, for example, a motion that includes changes in both head attitude and translation, we properly perceive our motion. This is true even when our eyes are closed (thus excluding ...
... That the brain correctly interprets linear acceleration is obvious from everyday activities. As we swing in the play ground, for example, a motion that includes changes in both head attitude and translation, we properly perceive our motion. This is true even when our eyes are closed (thus excluding ...
Dendritic Spine Density Varies Between Unisensory
... multisensory area is that of the superior temporal sulcal cortex in primates (Benevento et al., 1977) or the anterior ectosylvian sulcal area of cats (Meredith, 2004). In the ferret brain, the lateral rostral area of the suprasylvian sulcal cortex, (LRSS; Keniston et al., 2008), and the rostral post ...
... multisensory area is that of the superior temporal sulcal cortex in primates (Benevento et al., 1977) or the anterior ectosylvian sulcal area of cats (Meredith, 2004). In the ferret brain, the lateral rostral area of the suprasylvian sulcal cortex, (LRSS; Keniston et al., 2008), and the rostral post ...
Gao JCN 2000 - Georgia State University
... The inhibitory neurotransmitter ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is thought to play an important role in activity-dependent stages of brain development. Previous studies have shown that different functional subclasses of cortical GABA-containing neurons can be distinguished by antibodies to the calcium-bi ...
... The inhibitory neurotransmitter ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is thought to play an important role in activity-dependent stages of brain development. Previous studies have shown that different functional subclasses of cortical GABA-containing neurons can be distinguished by antibodies to the calcium-bi ...
associations
... Local mechanism: By its very nature, a synapse is the transmission site where information-bearing signals are in spationtemporal contiguity. This locally available information is used by the synapse to produce a local modification that is input specific; ...
... Local mechanism: By its very nature, a synapse is the transmission site where information-bearing signals are in spationtemporal contiguity. This locally available information is used by the synapse to produce a local modification that is input specific; ...
Rich-club organization in effective connectivity among cortical neurons
... Many studies have focused on communication networks between cortical brain regions. In contrast, very few studies have examined communication networks within a cortical region. This is the first study to combine such a large number of neurons (several hundred at a time) with such high temporal resol ...
... Many studies have focused on communication networks between cortical brain regions. In contrast, very few studies have examined communication networks within a cortical region. This is the first study to combine such a large number of neurons (several hundred at a time) with such high temporal resol ...
computational modeling of observational learning - FORTH-ICS
... Similar findings have been reported for human primates, where researchers have identified an analogous network of active regions, involved in motor preparation and planning (Newlin, 2009). The aforementioned neuroscientific evidence suggests that in both monkey and human pr ...
... Similar findings have been reported for human primates, where researchers have identified an analogous network of active regions, involved in motor preparation and planning (Newlin, 2009). The aforementioned neuroscientific evidence suggests that in both monkey and human pr ...
Repetition suppression - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... Figure 2. Effect of interleaving stimuli on repetition suppression. Mean percentage change in neuron response to visual stimulus presentation relative to spontaneous activity as a function of the number of interleaved stimuli in (a) area TE, (b) perirhinal cortex, and (c) entorhinal cortex. With an ...
... Figure 2. Effect of interleaving stimuli on repetition suppression. Mean percentage change in neuron response to visual stimulus presentation relative to spontaneous activity as a function of the number of interleaved stimuli in (a) area TE, (b) perirhinal cortex, and (c) entorhinal cortex. With an ...
Differential effects of nicotine on the activity of substantia nigra and
... Grenhoff et al. 1986, Mereu et al. 1987) and in vitro (Calabresi et al. 1989, Grillner and Svensson 2000, Pidoplichko et al. 1997, Sorenson et al. 1998, Yin and French 2000), and enhances dopamine release from striatal nerve terminals (Blaha and Winn 1993, Blaha et al. 1996, Nisell et al. 1994a,b). ...
... Grenhoff et al. 1986, Mereu et al. 1987) and in vitro (Calabresi et al. 1989, Grillner and Svensson 2000, Pidoplichko et al. 1997, Sorenson et al. 1998, Yin and French 2000), and enhances dopamine release from striatal nerve terminals (Blaha and Winn 1993, Blaha et al. 1996, Nisell et al. 1994a,b). ...
Spatiotemporal Properties of Eye Position Signals
... showed persistent activity that was modulated as a function of eye position (Schlag-Rey and Schlag 1984; Wyder and others 2003). For oculomotor control, it is widely accepted that command of eye position is computed by the brainstem circuitry called ‘‘velocity-to-position integrator’’ that calculate ...
... showed persistent activity that was modulated as a function of eye position (Schlag-Rey and Schlag 1984; Wyder and others 2003). For oculomotor control, it is widely accepted that command of eye position is computed by the brainstem circuitry called ‘‘velocity-to-position integrator’’ that calculate ...
Pansynaptic Enlargement at Adult Cortical
... modified by behavioral experience. This has been extremely hard to demonstrate in mammalian brains (Geinisman 2000; Barnes and Finnerty 2010). It is widely thought that structure and function are closely related (Lisman and Harris 1993; Pierce and Lewin 1994). In principle, then, it should be possibl ...
... modified by behavioral experience. This has been extremely hard to demonstrate in mammalian brains (Geinisman 2000; Barnes and Finnerty 2010). It is widely thought that structure and function are closely related (Lisman and Harris 1993; Pierce and Lewin 1994). In principle, then, it should be possibl ...
The what, where and how of auditory
... Auditory stimuli can be grouped into objects using what are known as sequential grouping cues11. Sequential grouping cues enable temporal sequences of sounds to be assigned to a common source: panel a of the figure shows a visual analogy in which the sets of letters are grouped into two words becaus ...
... Auditory stimuli can be grouped into objects using what are known as sequential grouping cues11. Sequential grouping cues enable temporal sequences of sounds to be assigned to a common source: panel a of the figure shows a visual analogy in which the sets of letters are grouped into two words becaus ...
Review Early Steps in the Development of the Forebrain
... (A and B) Cartoons of the rostral neural plate of a zebrafish embryo with anterior to the left. The approximate locations of cells destined to give rise to various territories are shown in different colors. The topological relationships of prospective forebrain domains are conserved between vertebra ...
... (A and B) Cartoons of the rostral neural plate of a zebrafish embryo with anterior to the left. The approximate locations of cells destined to give rise to various territories are shown in different colors. The topological relationships of prospective forebrain domains are conserved between vertebra ...