Basis Functions for Object
... the orientation of the object (e.g., 90⬚ counterclockwise), (3) the relative retinotopic coordinates of the subparts of the object (e.g., is a particular edge on the top, bottom, right, or left side of the object in retinotopic coordinates?), and (4) the absolute retinal location of the subparts of ...
... the orientation of the object (e.g., 90⬚ counterclockwise), (3) the relative retinotopic coordinates of the subparts of the object (e.g., is a particular edge on the top, bottom, right, or left side of the object in retinotopic coordinates?), and (4) the absolute retinal location of the subparts of ...
Stereoscopic Mechanisms in Monkey Visual Cortex: Binocular
... The brain utilizes the signalsfrom the 2 eyes to recover the relative depth of objects.Wheatstone (1838) first demonstrated that a difference, or disparity, in the relative horizontal position of the object’s imagesin the 2 eyescan generatean impression of depth and solidity. Julesz(1960, 1971)later ...
... The brain utilizes the signalsfrom the 2 eyes to recover the relative depth of objects.Wheatstone (1838) first demonstrated that a difference, or disparity, in the relative horizontal position of the object’s imagesin the 2 eyescan generatean impression of depth and solidity. Julesz(1960, 1971)later ...
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... task, rat shuttles back and forth along a linear track between food rewards contained in cups attached to movable walls. Middle: color-coded firing field of a place cell created from multiple runs in the eastward direction. Bottom: EEG theta rhythm and place cell firing (in red) for the same cell on ...
... task, rat shuttles back and forth along a linear track between food rewards contained in cups attached to movable walls. Middle: color-coded firing field of a place cell created from multiple runs in the eastward direction. Bottom: EEG theta rhythm and place cell firing (in red) for the same cell on ...
How to be creative
... The complexity of human activities has led research to fragment into focus on specialized systems for particular activity, rarely encompassing systems integration to any significant extent. This divide & conquer approach to human creativity has arguably proven limited for explaining the origins and ...
... The complexity of human activities has led research to fragment into focus on specialized systems for particular activity, rarely encompassing systems integration to any significant extent. This divide & conquer approach to human creativity has arguably proven limited for explaining the origins and ...
Predictive Coding: A Possible Explanation of Filling
... connection. In response to this top-down information, lower area sends a residual error signal to the higher area, by feed-forward connection, to correct the next prediction. This idea is based on the anatomical architecture of the visual system which is hierarchically organized and reciprocally con ...
... connection. In response to this top-down information, lower area sends a residual error signal to the higher area, by feed-forward connection, to correct the next prediction. This idea is based on the anatomical architecture of the visual system which is hierarchically organized and reciprocally con ...
Balanced Excitatory and Inhibitory Inputs to Cortical Neurons
... used measure for irregular neuronal firing (Softky and Koch, 1993), does not have such a property (Stevens and Zador, 1998; Sakai et al., 1999; Shinomoto et al., 1999). To obtain an alternative measure, Miura et al. (2006a,b) studied a decomposition of fluctuating neuronal firing into firing rate an ...
... used measure for irregular neuronal firing (Softky and Koch, 1993), does not have such a property (Stevens and Zador, 1998; Sakai et al., 1999; Shinomoto et al., 1999). To obtain an alternative measure, Miura et al. (2006a,b) studied a decomposition of fluctuating neuronal firing into firing rate an ...
Neurophysiological and Computational Principles of Cortical
... task, rat shuttles back and forth along a linear track between food rewards contained in cups attached to movable walls. Middle: color-coded firing field of a place cell created from multiple runs in the eastward direction. Bottom: EEG theta rhythm and place cell firing (in red) for the same cell on ...
... task, rat shuttles back and forth along a linear track between food rewards contained in cups attached to movable walls. Middle: color-coded firing field of a place cell created from multiple runs in the eastward direction. Bottom: EEG theta rhythm and place cell firing (in red) for the same cell on ...
Plasticity of Sensory and Motor Maps in Adult Mammals
... To date, the bulk of the evidence for plasticity in maps stems from experiments in the somatosensory system. Thus, "Are other sensory and motor systems capable of reorganization?" Recent experiments on the motor, visual and auditory systems suggest that the capacity to rcorganizc characterizes all c ...
... To date, the bulk of the evidence for plasticity in maps stems from experiments in the somatosensory system. Thus, "Are other sensory and motor systems capable of reorganization?" Recent experiments on the motor, visual and auditory systems suggest that the capacity to rcorganizc characterizes all c ...
a review with emphasis on the projections of specific thalamic nuclei
... in adults with similar Iesionslz,102~lJ7,although sometimes the reverse is true’“l. Rose and WooIseyl”g noted the effects of retrograde cell degeneration in the thalamus grew more severe with increasing postoperative survival time. This was recently confirmed by Chow and Dewson17 who also reported r ...
... in adults with similar Iesionslz,102~lJ7,although sometimes the reverse is true’“l. Rose and WooIseyl”g noted the effects of retrograde cell degeneration in the thalamus grew more severe with increasing postoperative survival time. This was recently confirmed by Chow and Dewson17 who also reported r ...
What and Where Information in the Caudate Tail Guides Saccades
... pathways. Here, we provide evidence suggesting that a basal ganglia circuit through the tail of the monkey caudate nucleus (CDt) guides such object-directed saccades. First, many CDt neurons responded to visual objects depending on where and what the objects were. Second, electrical stimulation in t ...
... pathways. Here, we provide evidence suggesting that a basal ganglia circuit through the tail of the monkey caudate nucleus (CDt) guides such object-directed saccades. First, many CDt neurons responded to visual objects depending on where and what the objects were. Second, electrical stimulation in t ...
Playing the electric light orchestra—how electrical stimulation of
... region of the calcarine fissure, the location of area V1 and other early visual areas, results in the sensation of light, called a phosphene [21–28], described as ‘like a star in the sky’ [21] (figure 1a). Locations of phosphenes with respect to the stimulating electrode agree with retinotopic maps ...
... region of the calcarine fissure, the location of area V1 and other early visual areas, results in the sensation of light, called a phosphene [21–28], described as ‘like a star in the sky’ [21] (figure 1a). Locations of phosphenes with respect to the stimulating electrode agree with retinotopic maps ...
General Cortical and Special Prefrontal Connections: Principles
... The prefrontal cortex has one of the most extensive communication systems in the brain. Complex networks link the prefrontal cortex with the external world through connections with sensory association cortices. The prefrontal cortex is also connected with structures associated with the internal envi ...
... The prefrontal cortex has one of the most extensive communication systems in the brain. Complex networks link the prefrontal cortex with the external world through connections with sensory association cortices. The prefrontal cortex is also connected with structures associated with the internal envi ...
C:\Vision\15Higher level Pt 2.wpd
... continues to speak of the M and P pathways in a nebulous manner, exhibiting little appreciation of the multiple classes of signals being carried by these pathways. Zeki’s new concept of the brain is as a modular system without a hierarchal structure and with multiple input pathways from the sub-cort ...
... continues to speak of the M and P pathways in a nebulous manner, exhibiting little appreciation of the multiple classes of signals being carried by these pathways. Zeki’s new concept of the brain is as a modular system without a hierarchal structure and with multiple input pathways from the sub-cort ...
A Neural Theory of Visual Attention
... with a single stimulus in the RF, and effects on baseline firing. By far the strongest changes of a cell’s firing rate occur when multiple objects are present in the classical RF. Under these conditions, a general finding has been that attention to one of the objects modulates the firing rate either ...
... with a single stimulus in the RF, and effects on baseline firing. By far the strongest changes of a cell’s firing rate occur when multiple objects are present in the classical RF. Under these conditions, a general finding has been that attention to one of the objects modulates the firing rate either ...
PPT
... • In PRR & LIP in the posterior parietal cortex – Maps for the direction of either arm or eye movements that the monkey is intending to perform(SUA) – Direction of planned arm and eye movements(LFP) – Tuning widths for movement directions(LFP, SUA) LFP in general shows responses properties similar t ...
... • In PRR & LIP in the posterior parietal cortex – Maps for the direction of either arm or eye movements that the monkey is intending to perform(SUA) – Direction of planned arm and eye movements(LFP) – Tuning widths for movement directions(LFP, SUA) LFP in general shows responses properties similar t ...
Response Suppression in V1 Agrees with Psychophysics of
... design, with a block duration of 9 sec. Each functional MRI scan contained 14 block alternations and lasted 4.2 min. No auditory feedback was provided. In the main experiment, each block contained five trials, consisting of a 750 msec stimulus display, followed by a 1050 msec response period. For on ...
... design, with a block duration of 9 sec. Each functional MRI scan contained 14 block alternations and lasted 4.2 min. No auditory feedback was provided. In the main experiment, each block contained five trials, consisting of a 750 msec stimulus display, followed by a 1050 msec response period. For on ...
Subcircuit-specific neuromodulation in the prefrontal cortex
... numerous cortical and subcortical regions. PFC dysfunction has been linked to many disorders that involve deficits in cognitive performance, attention, motivation, and/or impulse control. A common theme among these disorders is that neuromodulation of the PFC is disrupted. Anatomically, the PFC is r ...
... numerous cortical and subcortical regions. PFC dysfunction has been linked to many disorders that involve deficits in cognitive performance, attention, motivation, and/or impulse control. A common theme among these disorders is that neuromodulation of the PFC is disrupted. Anatomically, the PFC is r ...
Target-specific differences in somatodendritic morphology of layer V
... Dendritic geometry has been shown to be a critical determinant of information processing and neuronal computation. However, it is not known whether cortical projection neurons that target different subcortical nuclei have distinct dendritic morphologies. In this study, fast blue retrograde tracing i ...
... Dendritic geometry has been shown to be a critical determinant of information processing and neuronal computation. However, it is not known whether cortical projection neurons that target different subcortical nuclei have distinct dendritic morphologies. In this study, fast blue retrograde tracing i ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Signal Integration in Hypothalamic
... contained within this 12 jim-thick section. B) Histogram relating the proportion of labeled neurons (frequency; ordinate) to grain density (abscissa; a measure of TRH mRNA level). Single cell analysis was performed on 100 cells/animal for the 10 animals exposed to cold. C) Brightfieldmicrograph of t ...
... contained within this 12 jim-thick section. B) Histogram relating the proportion of labeled neurons (frequency; ordinate) to grain density (abscissa; a measure of TRH mRNA level). Single cell analysis was performed on 100 cells/animal for the 10 animals exposed to cold. C) Brightfieldmicrograph of t ...
1 - LISC
... the simple averaging dynamics. The fact that the confident agents have a stronger influence than the uncertain ones is essential to get the attraction to the extremes. We defined some rules allowing us to automatically detect each type of convergence, and we explored the parameters in order to ident ...
... the simple averaging dynamics. The fact that the confident agents have a stronger influence than the uncertain ones is essential to get the attraction to the extremes. We defined some rules allowing us to automatically detect each type of convergence, and we explored the parameters in order to ident ...
Glycine Binding Sites of Presynaptic NMDA Receptors May
... using a threshold-crossing criterion. Although the threshold level varied from neuron to neuron, it was always the same before and after drug application (Bradaia and Trouslard 2002). Detection criteria also included rise time ⬍3 ms (Sjostrom et al. 2003), which may eliminate the purely NMDA-R-media ...
... using a threshold-crossing criterion. Although the threshold level varied from neuron to neuron, it was always the same before and after drug application (Bradaia and Trouslard 2002). Detection criteria also included rise time ⬍3 ms (Sjostrom et al. 2003), which may eliminate the purely NMDA-R-media ...
On the Biological Plausibility of Grandmother Cells
... One response is to reject the assumption that cognitive models should be evaluated on biological criteria. According to Broadbent (1985), this is justified because neuroscience is only relevant at what Marr (1982) called the implementational level of description. On this view, psychological theory s ...
... One response is to reject the assumption that cognitive models should be evaluated on biological criteria. According to Broadbent (1985), this is justified because neuroscience is only relevant at what Marr (1982) called the implementational level of description. On this view, psychological theory s ...