What is a seed?
... system for the transfer of genetic materials from one generation to the next. The part of a tree’s life cycle that involves seed formation, maturation, dissemination, and germination is a complex yet fascinating chain of events, many of which are still poorly understood. However, some knowledge of t ...
... system for the transfer of genetic materials from one generation to the next. The part of a tree’s life cycle that involves seed formation, maturation, dissemination, and germination is a complex yet fascinating chain of events, many of which are still poorly understood. However, some knowledge of t ...
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... periphery and central part of stem, those of periphery are smaller than vascular bundles located at the central part of stem (Fig. 7). Leaf: Leaves of C. fleischeri have a central rectangular keel and two lateral arms, with their margins recurved towards the keel with a pale stripe running axially a ...
... periphery and central part of stem, those of periphery are smaller than vascular bundles located at the central part of stem (Fig. 7). Leaf: Leaves of C. fleischeri have a central rectangular keel and two lateral arms, with their margins recurved towards the keel with a pale stripe running axially a ...
Plant Organs
... C. Types of Roots 4. Aerial Roots a. Grow without soil, in air b. F(x) = absorb water from moist air c. E.g. orchids in tropical ...
... C. Types of Roots 4. Aerial Roots a. Grow without soil, in air b. F(x) = absorb water from moist air c. E.g. orchids in tropical ...
PLANT ORGANS
... Another root type that has evolved in many plant species is termed adventitious. Adventitious roots arise from parts other than roots, such as stems and leaves, frequently as a result of injury. In fact, the majority of the root system of monocot plants is appropriately called adventitious, becaus ...
... Another root type that has evolved in many plant species is termed adventitious. Adventitious roots arise from parts other than roots, such as stems and leaves, frequently as a result of injury. In fact, the majority of the root system of monocot plants is appropriately called adventitious, becaus ...
Transpiration
... the ovules. The ovules, or eggs, are stored in the ovary until they are fertilized. Plants can only fertilize eggs of the same species. Special chemicals prevent sperm from fertilizing the eggs of flowers that are not the same kind. Color the style (K) red, and the ovary (L) pink. Color the ovules ( ...
... the ovules. The ovules, or eggs, are stored in the ovary until they are fertilized. Plants can only fertilize eggs of the same species. Special chemicals prevent sperm from fertilizing the eggs of flowers that are not the same kind. Color the style (K) red, and the ovary (L) pink. Color the ovules ( ...
Chapter 22: Plant Structure and Function
... plants can continue to produce new cells in their meristematic tissues. Meristematic tissues make up meristems—regions of rapidly dividing cells. Cells in meristems have large nuclei and small vacuoles or, in some cases, no vacuoles at all. As these cells mature, they can develop into many different ...
... plants can continue to produce new cells in their meristematic tissues. Meristematic tissues make up meristems—regions of rapidly dividing cells. Cells in meristems have large nuclei and small vacuoles or, in some cases, no vacuoles at all. As these cells mature, they can develop into many different ...
lupinus albus termis x lupinus mutabilis mut. 628
... hybridisation in the genus Lupinus, as it is the case in many other crop plants such as tobacco, cereals, fruit trees and horticultural plants. In spite of numerous studies on the lupin micropropagative abilities in in vitro culture, the plants that belong to the genus Lupinus are regarded as diffic ...
... hybridisation in the genus Lupinus, as it is the case in many other crop plants such as tobacco, cereals, fruit trees and horticultural plants. In spite of numerous studies on the lupin micropropagative abilities in in vitro culture, the plants that belong to the genus Lupinus are regarded as diffic ...
Slide 1
... – 1st Pair: Small, about 0.5” in length – 2nd Pair: 1-2” – 3rd Pair: 3-4” sometimes trifoliate – 4th Pair: 3-4” either simple, trifoliate, or pinnate ...
... – 1st Pair: Small, about 0.5” in length – 2nd Pair: 1-2” – 3rd Pair: 3-4” sometimes trifoliate – 4th Pair: 3-4” either simple, trifoliate, or pinnate ...
Possible contribution of TED6 and TED7, secondary cell wall
... In Arabidopsis, SCW formation occurs not only in xylem vessel elements, but also in several non– vascular cells, such as fiber cells in inflorescence stem, endothecium cells in anther, and valve cells in the silique (Dardick and Callahan 2014; Nakano et al. 2015; Wilson et al. 2011). To check if TED ...
... In Arabidopsis, SCW formation occurs not only in xylem vessel elements, but also in several non– vascular cells, such as fiber cells in inflorescence stem, endothecium cells in anther, and valve cells in the silique (Dardick and Callahan 2014; Nakano et al. 2015; Wilson et al. 2011). To check if TED ...
this essay here!
... or more commonly in a widely sprawling pattern that gives the overall plant an open, somewhat unorganized look. Erect stem growth may produce a plant as tall as 3 feet, but usually these rambling plants are about half that tall. Both stems and leaves are covered with hairs that make the plant surfac ...
... or more commonly in a widely sprawling pattern that gives the overall plant an open, somewhat unorganized look. Erect stem growth may produce a plant as tall as 3 feet, but usually these rambling plants are about half that tall. Both stems and leaves are covered with hairs that make the plant surfac ...
скачати - ua
... runners and develops flower buds for the following season. Soon after the daughter plant reaches the soil, it develops vigorous roots (peg roots) that anchor it to the soil. It can remain attached to the mother plant for a long time, but it usually is capable of living independently within three to ...
... runners and develops flower buds for the following season. Soon after the daughter plant reaches the soil, it develops vigorous roots (peg roots) that anchor it to the soil. It can remain attached to the mother plant for a long time, but it usually is capable of living independently within three to ...
Document
... Embryogenesis 1. Establishing polarity: starts @ 1st division 2. Establishing radial patterning: periclinal divisions form layers that become dermal, ground & vascular tissue 3. Forming the root and shoot meristems 4. Forming cotyledons & roots Body plan is formed during embryogenesis: seedling tha ...
... Embryogenesis 1. Establishing polarity: starts @ 1st division 2. Establishing radial patterning: periclinal divisions form layers that become dermal, ground & vascular tissue 3. Forming the root and shoot meristems 4. Forming cotyledons & roots Body plan is formed during embryogenesis: seedling tha ...
Plant Identification
... and seed Stems are short-jointed Leaves are flat and spreading Leaves may be hairy or smooth Seedhead = two rows of spikelets on finger-like spikes White collar region with sparse, relatively long hairs ...
... and seed Stems are short-jointed Leaves are flat and spreading Leaves may be hairy or smooth Seedhead = two rows of spikelets on finger-like spikes White collar region with sparse, relatively long hairs ...
Chapter 32-Plant Reproduction
... • Fruits and seeds result from sexual reproduction in flowering plants. (e.g., fruits are adapted for dispersing seeds, while seeds function in the dispersal and propagation of plants) ...
... • Fruits and seeds result from sexual reproduction in flowering plants. (e.g., fruits are adapted for dispersing seeds, while seeds function in the dispersal and propagation of plants) ...
Gymnosperms
... Division Coniferophyta • Most species are monoecious, woody perennials producing cones • Some are deciduous, most are evergreen with needlelike leaves • Extended life cycle (3 years) ...
... Division Coniferophyta • Most species are monoecious, woody perennials producing cones • Some are deciduous, most are evergreen with needlelike leaves • Extended life cycle (3 years) ...
Page 1 PLANT GROWTH SUBSTANCES A2.11 QUESTIONSHEET
... (a) positive phototropism is when shoots grow towards unilateral light; plants/seedlings in a room tend to grow towards the windows/any correct example; phototaxism is when a complete organism moves towards the light; Chlamydomonas/Euglena swimming towards the light/any correct example; ...
... (a) positive phototropism is when shoots grow towards unilateral light; plants/seedlings in a room tend to grow towards the windows/any correct example; phototaxism is when a complete organism moves towards the light; Chlamydomonas/Euglena swimming towards the light/any correct example; ...
Tan and Swain - Citrus Research and Education Center
... determine whether flowering occurs. One of the underlying features of the changing seasons is the variation in day length or photoperiod. The regulatory effect of day length on the initiation of flowering was first described by Garner and Allard more than 80 years ago (Garner and Allard 1920). Depen ...
... determine whether flowering occurs. One of the underlying features of the changing seasons is the variation in day length or photoperiod. The regulatory effect of day length on the initiation of flowering was first described by Garner and Allard more than 80 years ago (Garner and Allard 1920). Depen ...
section 25.notebook
... also controlled by auxins. This response can be so quick that young seedlings reorient themselves in a matter of hours ...
... also controlled by auxins. This response can be so quick that young seedlings reorient themselves in a matter of hours ...
The Life Cycle of a Heterosporous Pteridophyte
... soaked for some time in water, opens in a very peculiar way by the protrusion of a gelatinous ring containing the sori. This process represents an extreme specialization and adaptation to a semi-aquatic life. In Selaginella kraussiana the spores germinate sometime before they are discharged. The mic ...
... soaked for some time in water, opens in a very peculiar way by the protrusion of a gelatinous ring containing the sori. This process represents an extreme specialization and adaptation to a semi-aquatic life. In Selaginella kraussiana the spores germinate sometime before they are discharged. The mic ...
Plant Propagation Methodologies
... 2. Connect the two parallel cuts with one long cut. 3. Remove the ring of bark, leaving the inner woody tissue exposed. Scrape the newly bared ring to remove the cambial tissue to prevent a bridge of callus tissue from forming. Apply rooting hormone. 4. Wrap and cover using the same procedure as tha ...
... 2. Connect the two parallel cuts with one long cut. 3. Remove the ring of bark, leaving the inner woody tissue exposed. Scrape the newly bared ring to remove the cambial tissue to prevent a bridge of callus tissue from forming. Apply rooting hormone. 4. Wrap and cover using the same procedure as tha ...
File - Grange Academy
... Describe the advantages of both sexual and asexual reproduction in plants. Advantages of Asexual Reproduction ...
... Describe the advantages of both sexual and asexual reproduction in plants. Advantages of Asexual Reproduction ...
Q1. The bean aphid is a type of black
... The snail shells show a lot of variation in colour. They are yellowy/green, brown, pink or cream. The banding varies from a single wide band to a mixture of thick and thin bands. Describe briefly the factors which have produced this variation and explain how these ...
... The snail shells show a lot of variation in colour. They are yellowy/green, brown, pink or cream. The banding varies from a single wide band to a mixture of thick and thin bands. Describe briefly the factors which have produced this variation and explain how these ...
2.1 - Plant Cells, Tissues, and Organs + 2.2
... “The push from below” – Water enters the root by osmosis and moves toward the centre of the root into the xylem vessels. The pericycle prevents the water from moving backward. Root pressure builds up in the xylem and pushes water “up”. ...
... “The push from below” – Water enters the root by osmosis and moves toward the centre of the root into the xylem vessels. The pericycle prevents the water from moving backward. Root pressure builds up in the xylem and pushes water “up”. ...
bio-lesson-13 - WordPress.com
... Specialized or Modified Leaves • Drought-resistant leaves = thick, sunken stomata, often reduced in size • In American cacti and African euphorbs, leaves are often reduced such that they serve as spine to discourage herbivory and reduce water loss • The stems serve as the primary organ of photosynt ...
... Specialized or Modified Leaves • Drought-resistant leaves = thick, sunken stomata, often reduced in size • In American cacti and African euphorbs, leaves are often reduced such that they serve as spine to discourage herbivory and reduce water loss • The stems serve as the primary organ of photosynt ...
Meristem
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to organs like the leaves and flowers, while the root apical meristem (RAM) provides the meristematic cells for the future root growth. SAM and RAM cells divide rapidly and are considered indeterminate, in that they do not possess any defined end status. In that sense, the meristematic cells are frequently compared to the stem cells in animals, which have an analogous behavior and function.The term meristem was first used in 1858 by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891) in his book Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik. It is derived from the Greek word merizein (μερίζειν), meaning to divide, in recognition of its inherent function.In general, differentiated plant cells cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. Therefore, cell division in the meristem is required to provide new cells for expansion and differentiation of tissues and initiation of new organs, providing the basic structure of the plant body.Meristematic cells are incompletely or not at all differentiated, and are capable of continued cellular division (youthful). Furthermore, the cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely. The vacuoles are extremely small. The cytoplasm does not contain differentiated plastids (chloroplasts or chromoplasts), although they are present in rudimentary form (proplastids). Meristematic cells are packed closely together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall.Maintenance of the cells requires a balance between two antagonistic processes: organ initiation and stem cell population renewal.Apical meristems are the completely undifferentiated (indeterminate) meristems in a plant. These differentiate into three kinds of primary meristems. The primary meristems in turn produce the two secondary meristem types. These secondary meristems are also known as lateral meristems because they are involved in lateral growth.At the meristem summit, there is a small group of slowly dividing cells, which is commonly called the central zone. Cells of this zone have a stem cell function and are essential for meristem maintenance. The proliferation and growth rates at the meristem summit usually differ considerably from those at the periphery.Meristems also are induced in the roots of legumes such as soybean, Lotus japonicus, pea, and Medicago truncatula after infection with soil bacteria commonly called Rhizobium. Cells of the inner or outer cortex in the so-called ""window of nodulation"" just behind the developing root tip are induced to divide. The critical signal substance is the lipo-oligosaccharide Nod-factor, decorated with side groups to allow specificity of interaction. The Nod factor receptor proteins NFR1 and NFR5 were cloned from several legumes including Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and soybean (Glycine max). Regulation of nodule meristems utilizes long distance regulation commonly called ""Autoregulation of Nodulation"" (AON). This process involves a leaf-vascular tissue located LRR receptor kinases (LjHAR1, GmNARK and MtSUNN), CLE peptide signalling, and KAPP interaction, similar to that seen in the CLV1,2,3 system. LjKLAVIER also exhibits a nodule regulation phenotype though it is not yet known how this relates to the other AON receptor kinases.