Plant Hormones and Plant Reproduction
... microspore mother cells, which divide by meiosis to produce 4 haploid cells, the microspores. The microspores mature ...
... microspore mother cells, which divide by meiosis to produce 4 haploid cells, the microspores. The microspores mature ...
Biology Notes: Chapter 13
... 3. Collenchyma: supporting tissue for the vascular tissues 4. Diagram pg 303 D. Classification by leaves 1. Deciduous: lose leaves every year 2. Evergreen: keep leaves year round E. Modified leaves include tendrils, needles, spines, and aquatic leaves ...
... 3. Collenchyma: supporting tissue for the vascular tissues 4. Diagram pg 303 D. Classification by leaves 1. Deciduous: lose leaves every year 2. Evergreen: keep leaves year round E. Modified leaves include tendrils, needles, spines, and aquatic leaves ...
3 slides
... A) Tracheids: Narrow, tube-like cells; dead at maturity B) Vessel Elements: Wide, tube-like cells; dead at maturity • Plants vary in relative number of each cell type Xylem cross section of a oak tree ...
... A) Tracheids: Narrow, tube-like cells; dead at maturity B) Vessel Elements: Wide, tube-like cells; dead at maturity • Plants vary in relative number of each cell type Xylem cross section of a oak tree ...
genetics study of how traits of characteristics are passed from parent
... to escape on cool days and conserve water on hot days ...
... to escape on cool days and conserve water on hot days ...
PLANT GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT
... FRUIT DEVELOPMENT – some species FLOWER DEVELOPMENT – some species ...
... FRUIT DEVELOPMENT – some species FLOWER DEVELOPMENT – some species ...
Plant Adaptations
... Auxin- collects in the shady side of a stem and elongates the cells causing it to bend toward the light (phototropism). Also plays a role in gravitropism. ...
... Auxin- collects in the shady side of a stem and elongates the cells causing it to bend toward the light (phototropism). Also plays a role in gravitropism. ...
Plant Structure and Growth
... – Most animals cease growing after reaching a certain size(determinate growth) – Certain plant organs, such as flower parts also show determinate growth ...
... – Most animals cease growing after reaching a certain size(determinate growth) – Certain plant organs, such as flower parts also show determinate growth ...
BIOC31 H3 Plant Development and Biotechnology (Winter 2016) COURSE DESIGN AND OBJECTIVES
... COURSE DESIGN AND OBJECTIVES The central question in development is how does a single cell become a complex organism. What are the “factors” that control the behavior of cells? Plants and animals evolved multicellularity independently. Surprisingly, the mechanisms that generate patterns of cells, ti ...
... COURSE DESIGN AND OBJECTIVES The central question in development is how does a single cell become a complex organism. What are the “factors” that control the behavior of cells? Plants and animals evolved multicellularity independently. Surprisingly, the mechanisms that generate patterns of cells, ti ...
1. Explain how a hormone may cause its effect on
... • It is a compound that is produced by one part of the body and then transported to other parts • Here it triggers responses in the target cells and tissues ...
... • It is a compound that is produced by one part of the body and then transported to other parts • Here it triggers responses in the target cells and tissues ...
DERMAL TISSUE Vascular bundles VASCULAR TISSUE
... The main conducting elements are aligned to form tubes called sieve tubes. The sieve-tube elements at maturity are living cells, interconnected by perforations in their end walls formed from enlarged and modified plasmodesmata (sieve plates). These cells retain their plasma membrane, but they have l ...
... The main conducting elements are aligned to form tubes called sieve tubes. The sieve-tube elements at maturity are living cells, interconnected by perforations in their end walls formed from enlarged and modified plasmodesmata (sieve plates). These cells retain their plasma membrane, but they have l ...
PANEL 22–2: The Cell Types and Tissues
... except that they have much thicker cell walls and are usually elongated and packed into long ropelike fibers. They are capable of stretching and provide mechanical support in the ground tissue system of the elongating regions of the plant. Collenchyma cells are especially common in subepidermal regi ...
... except that they have much thicker cell walls and are usually elongated and packed into long ropelike fibers. They are capable of stretching and provide mechanical support in the ground tissue system of the elongating regions of the plant. Collenchyma cells are especially common in subepidermal regi ...
Review Material for Plant form and function
... – observing which plants sick animals seek out. – observing which plants are the most used food plants. – observing which plants animals do not eat. – collecting plants and subjecting them to chemical analysis. – asking local people which plants they use as medicine. ...
... – observing which plants sick animals seek out. – observing which plants are the most used food plants. – observing which plants animals do not eat. – collecting plants and subjecting them to chemical analysis. – asking local people which plants they use as medicine. ...
Plant Roots The root system of a plant constantly provides the stems
... dissolved minerals. In order to accomplish this the roots must grow into new regions of the soil. The growth and metabolism of the plant root system is supported by the process of photosynthesis occurring in the leaves. Photosynthate from the leaves is transported via the phloem to the root system. ...
... dissolved minerals. In order to accomplish this the roots must grow into new regions of the soil. The growth and metabolism of the plant root system is supported by the process of photosynthesis occurring in the leaves. Photosynthate from the leaves is transported via the phloem to the root system. ...
Plant Subclassification
... Tracheophytes (seed plants) sporophyte dominant and gametophyte reduced to a few cells ...
... Tracheophytes (seed plants) sporophyte dominant and gametophyte reduced to a few cells ...
Vascular Plants - Garnet Valley School District
... Annuals – complete their life cycles in 1 year or less Bienniels – live 2 years Perenniels – live many years (trees, shrubs, some grasses) ...
... Annuals – complete their life cycles in 1 year or less Bienniels – live 2 years Perenniels – live many years (trees, shrubs, some grasses) ...
HOW TO MAKE A PLANT:
... well as among different organ systems. For example, one of the key differences between monocots and dicots has to do with the arrangement of vascular tissues in leaves and stems. In next week’s lab, we will continue our examination of plant tissues by exploring some of the different cell types that ...
... well as among different organ systems. For example, one of the key differences between monocots and dicots has to do with the arrangement of vascular tissues in leaves and stems. In next week’s lab, we will continue our examination of plant tissues by exploring some of the different cell types that ...
The Geography of Grass
... (a) Proportion of Ler-type (black) and Col-0–type (white) PHYC alleles at different latitudes among apparently FRI functional strains. The absolute numbers for each of the classes is given on top of the histograms. (b) Distribution of P values of a nominal logistic regression model with latitude as ...
... (a) Proportion of Ler-type (black) and Col-0–type (white) PHYC alleles at different latitudes among apparently FRI functional strains. The absolute numbers for each of the classes is given on top of the histograms. (b) Distribution of P values of a nominal logistic regression model with latitude as ...
Plant Organs
... through the soil, gives off carbon dioxide to the soil b. Meristematic region – cell division takes place. They add new cells to the root cap and to the region of elongation c. Zone of elongation – located 1-3 mm above the meristem, this is the region where the cell stops dividing, but the cell wall ...
... through the soil, gives off carbon dioxide to the soil b. Meristematic region – cell division takes place. They add new cells to the root cap and to the region of elongation c. Zone of elongation – located 1-3 mm above the meristem, this is the region where the cell stops dividing, but the cell wall ...
Meristem
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to organs like the leaves and flowers, while the root apical meristem (RAM) provides the meristematic cells for the future root growth. SAM and RAM cells divide rapidly and are considered indeterminate, in that they do not possess any defined end status. In that sense, the meristematic cells are frequently compared to the stem cells in animals, which have an analogous behavior and function.The term meristem was first used in 1858 by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891) in his book Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik. It is derived from the Greek word merizein (μερίζειν), meaning to divide, in recognition of its inherent function.In general, differentiated plant cells cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. Therefore, cell division in the meristem is required to provide new cells for expansion and differentiation of tissues and initiation of new organs, providing the basic structure of the plant body.Meristematic cells are incompletely or not at all differentiated, and are capable of continued cellular division (youthful). Furthermore, the cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely. The vacuoles are extremely small. The cytoplasm does not contain differentiated plastids (chloroplasts or chromoplasts), although they are present in rudimentary form (proplastids). Meristematic cells are packed closely together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall.Maintenance of the cells requires a balance between two antagonistic processes: organ initiation and stem cell population renewal.Apical meristems are the completely undifferentiated (indeterminate) meristems in a plant. These differentiate into three kinds of primary meristems. The primary meristems in turn produce the two secondary meristem types. These secondary meristems are also known as lateral meristems because they are involved in lateral growth.At the meristem summit, there is a small group of slowly dividing cells, which is commonly called the central zone. Cells of this zone have a stem cell function and are essential for meristem maintenance. The proliferation and growth rates at the meristem summit usually differ considerably from those at the periphery.Meristems also are induced in the roots of legumes such as soybean, Lotus japonicus, pea, and Medicago truncatula after infection with soil bacteria commonly called Rhizobium. Cells of the inner or outer cortex in the so-called ""window of nodulation"" just behind the developing root tip are induced to divide. The critical signal substance is the lipo-oligosaccharide Nod-factor, decorated with side groups to allow specificity of interaction. The Nod factor receptor proteins NFR1 and NFR5 were cloned from several legumes including Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and soybean (Glycine max). Regulation of nodule meristems utilizes long distance regulation commonly called ""Autoregulation of Nodulation"" (AON). This process involves a leaf-vascular tissue located LRR receptor kinases (LjHAR1, GmNARK and MtSUNN), CLE peptide signalling, and KAPP interaction, similar to that seen in the CLV1,2,3 system. LjKLAVIER also exhibits a nodule regulation phenotype though it is not yet known how this relates to the other AON receptor kinases.