Download Plant Adaptations

Plant Adaptations
How do plants survive?
What are some adaptations
plants have made to aid in
their survival?
LEAVES
Site of photosynthesis
 Site of transpiration
 Brings sunlight, CO2 and
H2O together for food
production

Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 12H2O + sunlight
C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2
SUNLIGHT
WATER
CARBON
DIOXIDE
GLUCOSE
WATER
OXYGEN
Leaf Features


Stoma (stomata) – pores which
regulate the exchange of gases
between the leaf and the
atmosphere.
Guard cells – surround and control
the size of the opening of stoma.
Cuticle – waxy
coating which
prevents dehydration.

STEMS
Transports materials
between the leaves and
roots.
Supports the leaves to
collect light.

ROOTS
Anchor the plant.
Absorb water and
minerals for
photosynthesis, etc.
Store carbohydrates.

Types of Roots
Vascular Tissue for Food

Phloem –
carries food
produced in
the leaves to
the rest of the
plant.
Vascular Tissue for Water

Xylem –
carries water
and minerals
from the roots
to the rest of
the plant.
Cambium
A layer of actively dividing cells
between xylem and phloem that is
responsible for the secondary growth
of stems and roots
 Secondary growth occurs after the
first season and results in increase in
thickness.

Hormonal Control in
Plants
Hormones

Substances produced in
one part of the plant
which exert control on
another part of the plant.
Tropism

-a plants response to the
environment. Examples:
phototropism is the response
to light, thigmotropism is
response to touch,
gravitropism is response to
gravity
Phototropism
Thigmotropism
Thigmotropism
Thigmotropism
Gravitropism
Hormone examples:
Auxin- collects in the shady side
of a stem and elongates the cells
causing it to bend toward the light
(phototropism).
 Also plays a role in gravitropism.

The Effects of Auxin

Gibberellin- plant growth
hormone. Causes some plants
to grow abnormally tall.
Parts of the Flower
Flowers differ in size, shape, and
color
 Let’s look at some basic parts

Sepal

green leaf-like part, covers and
protects bud before opening
Petals
are actually leaves
 usually bright colors to attract
pollinating insects.

Stamens
male part of flower
 has two parts
filament-stalk

Anther

sac-like structure on top of
filament, contains pollen
(plant sperm)
Pistil
female part
 in the center of flower
 has three parts

Pistil’s 3 Parts:
Stigma – top of pistil, it’s
sticky to grab pollen
 Style - tube leading
from stigma to ovary
 Ovary - egg cells develop here
grows to become fruit or seedcoat

Types of Flowers

Complete


contains sepal, petal,
stamen and pistil
Incomplete
 lacks one or more
of the parts above
No sepals
Types of Flowers

Perfect


has stamens and pistils
(male and female parts)
Imperfect
 lacks stamens or pistils
(either male or female)
Stamen only