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... Hence, it may be anticipated that a decline in annual, and more particularly growing season rainfall, caused by climate change would lessen grain yield. However, other features of the future climate scenario, such as higher concentrations of CO2 and changes in temperatures, also affect plant growth ...
... Hence, it may be anticipated that a decline in annual, and more particularly growing season rainfall, caused by climate change would lessen grain yield. However, other features of the future climate scenario, such as higher concentrations of CO2 and changes in temperatures, also affect plant growth ...
MULTI‐MUNICIPAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
... (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These and other gases, especially methane (CH4) and chlorofluorocarbons, are commonly referred to as “greenhouse gases” for their heat‐retaining quality that contributes to global climate change. While some uncertainty remains in the scientific community as to the ...
... (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These and other gases, especially methane (CH4) and chlorofluorocarbons, are commonly referred to as “greenhouse gases” for their heat‐retaining quality that contributes to global climate change. While some uncertainty remains in the scientific community as to the ...
Climate change in Central America and Mexico
... defined in Giorgi and Francisco (2000). One of these regions is Central America and Mexico spanning latitudes from 10° to 30° N and longitudes from 83° to 116° W. The warming in Central America as simulated by the MMD under the SRES A1B scenario is greater than the global average warming in both bor ...
... defined in Giorgi and Francisco (2000). One of these regions is Central America and Mexico spanning latitudes from 10° to 30° N and longitudes from 83° to 116° W. The warming in Central America as simulated by the MMD under the SRES A1B scenario is greater than the global average warming in both bor ...
Climate Change in Queensland
... Queensland is particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts such as sea level rise, more frequent heatwaves, more intense rainfall events in some regions and drought in others. Without practical action informed by the latest science, priceless natural assets such as the Great Barrier Reef and th ...
... Queensland is particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts such as sea level rise, more frequent heatwaves, more intense rainfall events in some regions and drought in others. Without practical action informed by the latest science, priceless natural assets such as the Great Barrier Reef and th ...
implications for climate change research b
... small open-top chambers were used to passively warm canopy temperatures in wet meadow tundra at Barrow, Alaska during the summers of 1995 and 1996. Fortuitously the seasonal average temperature difference due to chamber warming and interannual variability were both approximately 1.5 oC; this allowed ...
... small open-top chambers were used to passively warm canopy temperatures in wet meadow tundra at Barrow, Alaska during the summers of 1995 and 1996. Fortuitously the seasonal average temperature difference due to chamber warming and interannual variability were both approximately 1.5 oC; this allowed ...
Land Ecosystems and Hydrology
... Earth Observing System (EOS) science objectives conInvestigation (IDS) team and the Simple Biosphere (SiB) cerning climate change, hydrologic cycle change, and model of the Sellers IDS team. These and other LSP modchanges in terrestrial productivity. The fluxes of CO2 and els require a suite of land ...
... Earth Observing System (EOS) science objectives conInvestigation (IDS) team and the Simple Biosphere (SiB) cerning climate change, hydrologic cycle change, and model of the Sellers IDS team. These and other LSP modchanges in terrestrial productivity. The fluxes of CO2 and els require a suite of land ...
Temperate Grassland Responses to Climate
... then progressed slowly until a new lower equilibrium total system carbon level (Csys) was reached, when soil respiration was once again in balance with NPP (Fig. 1 A and B). The difference in temperature response of soil respiration and NPP occurred although the rates of all plant and soil biochemic ...
... then progressed slowly until a new lower equilibrium total system carbon level (Csys) was reached, when soil respiration was once again in balance with NPP (Fig. 1 A and B). The difference in temperature response of soil respiration and NPP occurred although the rates of all plant and soil biochemic ...
Lessons from the Front Lines Preparing for Climate Impacts
... impacts of climate change and to integrate adaptation into all levels of government decision-making. The Center works on adaptation policy generally and helps state and local governments answer legal and policy questions about how to adapt to specific climate change impacts – for example, sea-level ...
... impacts of climate change and to integrate adaptation into all levels of government decision-making. The Center works on adaptation policy generally and helps state and local governments answer legal and policy questions about how to adapt to specific climate change impacts – for example, sea-level ...
An investor enquiry: how much big oil spends on obstructive climate
... a particular area within in a set timeframe. For example, if we were concerned with an organization’s public communications, we would look at every press release and publication over a given year, or if we were concerned with their lobbying activities, we would look at every bill they lobbied on ove ...
... a particular area within in a set timeframe. For example, if we were concerned with an organization’s public communications, we would look at every press release and publication over a given year, or if we were concerned with their lobbying activities, we would look at every bill they lobbied on ove ...
Accessing and Using Climate Data and Information in Fragile, Data
... interest. The climatology is typically calculated using data for a continuous 30-year period known as the Standard Climate Normal. The climate system consists of separate components of the Earth that interact to influence the climate of a region. While the atmosphere is the most important component, ...
... interest. The climatology is typically calculated using data for a continuous 30-year period known as the Standard Climate Normal. The climate system consists of separate components of the Earth that interact to influence the climate of a region. While the atmosphere is the most important component, ...
Trillion Dollar Transformation: Fiduciary Duty, Divestment and Fossil
... era of a fossil-fuel based economy must and will end in the coming decades. As the global community enacts and implements policies to achieve the Paris Vision of a world well below 2 degrees of warming and as markets respond to that action, carbon assets and carbon intensive industries face a fundam ...
... era of a fossil-fuel based economy must and will end in the coming decades. As the global community enacts and implements policies to achieve the Paris Vision of a world well below 2 degrees of warming and as markets respond to that action, carbon assets and carbon intensive industries face a fundam ...
The Socio-Economic Impact of Sea Level Rise in the Galveston Bay
... concentrations and radiative forcing at present levels will take time to stabilize sea level. Anthropogenic warming and sea level rise could continue for centuries even if GHG emissions were reduced to a level that GHG concentrations would stabilize the time scales associated with climate processes ...
... concentrations and radiative forcing at present levels will take time to stabilize sea level. Anthropogenic warming and sea level rise could continue for centuries even if GHG emissions were reduced to a level that GHG concentrations would stabilize the time scales associated with climate processes ...
From Davos to Copenhagen and Beyond
... The environmental and economic risks of the magnitude of climate change projected for the 21st century are considerable and have featured prominently in recent international policy debatesviii. The IPCCix concluded, with very high confidence, that climate change would imped ...
... The environmental and economic risks of the magnitude of climate change projected for the 21st century are considerable and have featured prominently in recent international policy debatesviii. The IPCCix concluded, with very high confidence, that climate change would imped ...
Interaction of Land Use and Land Cover Change
... Northern hemisphere (C) Globe is denoted by dotted line for annual mean, solid line for 5year running average. P > 0.05 .......................................................................................................75 Figure 2.13 Surface air temperature anomaly relative to 1961-1990 averaged ...
... Northern hemisphere (C) Globe is denoted by dotted line for annual mean, solid line for 5year running average. P > 0.05 .......................................................................................................75 Figure 2.13 Surface air temperature anomaly relative to 1961-1990 averaged ...
costs and benefits of climate change adaptation and mitigation
... Estimations of the welfare benefits of mitigation strongly depend on the climate model used. Mitigation is more important under a relatively hot and dry scenario, especially for the Nordic countries and southern Europe, for which the benefits of mitigation are projected to be over 1% of GDP by the e ...
... Estimations of the welfare benefits of mitigation strongly depend on the climate model used. Mitigation is more important under a relatively hot and dry scenario, especially for the Nordic countries and southern Europe, for which the benefits of mitigation are projected to be over 1% of GDP by the e ...
Indoor air pollution
... which restricted CFC production globally. Follow-up agreements strengthened the pact. Today CFC levels are down, and stratospheric ozone is starting to recover. The Montreal Protocol is one of the biggest environmental success stories of our time. ...
... which restricted CFC production globally. Follow-up agreements strengthened the pact. Today CFC levels are down, and stratospheric ozone is starting to recover. The Montreal Protocol is one of the biggest environmental success stories of our time. ...
Environmental Impacts—Marine Ecosystems
... diminished ocean influence all contribute to greater seasonal variability in temperature in the southern North Sea, with summer temperature much higher than in the northern North Sea and winter temperatures much lower. The North Sea has been exploited by humans since they resettled its shifting marg ...
... diminished ocean influence all contribute to greater seasonal variability in temperature in the southern North Sea, with summer temperature much higher than in the northern North Sea and winter temperatures much lower. The North Sea has been exploited by humans since they resettled its shifting marg ...
Climate Change, Migration, and Conflict
... Climate change is among these newly visible issues sparking conflict. But because the direct link between conflict and climate change is unclear, awareness of the indirect links has yet to lead to substantial and sustained action to address its security implications. Still the potential for the chan ...
... Climate change is among these newly visible issues sparking conflict. But because the direct link between conflict and climate change is unclear, awareness of the indirect links has yet to lead to substantial and sustained action to address its security implications. Still the potential for the chan ...
Climate Change in the La Plata Basin
... Location of the La Plata basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Importance of the basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ecosystems in the basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... Location of the La Plata basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Importance of the basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ecosystems in the basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Ecosystems, their properties, goods and services
... In this chapter the focus is on the properties, goods and services of non-intensively managed and unmanaged ecosystems and their components (as grouped by widely accepted functional and structural classifications, Figure 4.1), and their potential vulnerability to climate change as based on scenarios ...
... In this chapter the focus is on the properties, goods and services of non-intensively managed and unmanaged ecosystems and their components (as grouped by widely accepted functional and structural classifications, Figure 4.1), and their potential vulnerability to climate change as based on scenarios ...
1650_Velders_ODSuncertainties
... ● Projections for WMO assessments: – Made by 2D and 3D models – Policy options/scenarios often with box model ...
... ● Projections for WMO assessments: – Made by 2D and 3D models – Policy options/scenarios often with box model ...
Communicating climate change – Learning from business
... issue, which the majority of ‘engaged SMEs’ have not yet materially been impacted by, making it difficult for business leaders to construct a link between possible future impacts of climate change and current economic activities; secondly, we will show that personal values of participating business ...
... issue, which the majority of ‘engaged SMEs’ have not yet materially been impacted by, making it difficult for business leaders to construct a link between possible future impacts of climate change and current economic activities; secondly, we will show that personal values of participating business ...
Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services, and Climate Change
... soybeans, and meat prices will reduce the growth in meat consumption slightly and cereals consumption significantly; and that calorie availability in 2050 will decline relative to 2000 levels in all developing countries. Since around half of all economically active people in developing countries are ...
... soybeans, and meat prices will reduce the growth in meat consumption slightly and cereals consumption significantly; and that calorie availability in 2050 will decline relative to 2000 levels in all developing countries. Since around half of all economically active people in developing countries are ...
(Impenetrable) Jungle - Villanova University Charles Widger School
... common law environmentalism and calling nuisance actions "the backbone" of such litigation). The distinctions between nuisance and trespass-which are closely related but conceptually different-have blurred over time. See id. at 935-36 (discussing evolution of nuisance and trespass actions). In early ...
... common law environmentalism and calling nuisance actions "the backbone" of such litigation). The distinctions between nuisance and trespass-which are closely related but conceptually different-have blurred over time. See id. at 935-36 (discussing evolution of nuisance and trespass actions). In early ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.