Regional Climate Projections
... Central and South America: The annual mean warming is likely to be similar to the global mean warming in southern South America but larger than the global mean warming in the rest of the area. Annual precipitation is likely to decrease in most of Central America and in the southern Andes, although c ...
... Central and South America: The annual mean warming is likely to be similar to the global mean warming in southern South America but larger than the global mean warming in the rest of the area. Annual precipitation is likely to decrease in most of Central America and in the southern Andes, although c ...
PDF
... In dryland wheat production, rainfall is a key determinant of grain yield. Hence, it may be anticipated that a decline in annual, and more particularly growing season rainfall, caused by climate change would lessen grain yield. However, other features of the future climate scenario, such as higher c ...
... In dryland wheat production, rainfall is a key determinant of grain yield. Hence, it may be anticipated that a decline in annual, and more particularly growing season rainfall, caused by climate change would lessen grain yield. However, other features of the future climate scenario, such as higher c ...
00044185_Award 44185
... development planning process. The Director, Technical Assistance in External Resources Department will be the Senior Supplier and Director, Global Affairs Division in MOE will be the main beneficiary. Assistant Resident Representative of UNDP will provide project assurance. National Project Coordina ...
... development planning process. The Director, Technical Assistance in External Resources Department will be the Senior Supplier and Director, Global Affairs Division in MOE will be the main beneficiary. Assistant Resident Representative of UNDP will provide project assurance. National Project Coordina ...
Ireland in a Warmer World
... a particular focus on coastal regions surrounding Ireland. While the impact is seasonally dependent, there is evidence that extreme wave heights may increase by up to 10% in some Irish waters. Chapter 5 describes an investigation into the impact of warmer ocean temperatures on storminess. The result ...
... a particular focus on coastal regions surrounding Ireland. While the impact is seasonally dependent, there is evidence that extreme wave heights may increase by up to 10% in some Irish waters. Chapter 5 describes an investigation into the impact of warmer ocean temperatures on storminess. The result ...
Mountain Tourism and Climate Change
... Secondly, anticipatory and precautionary adaptation is more effective and less costly than forced, last-minute, emergency adaptation or retrofitting. Thirdly, it is likely that climate change may be more rapid and pronounced than the current estimates. Indeed, the world has recently experienced debi ...
... Secondly, anticipatory and precautionary adaptation is more effective and less costly than forced, last-minute, emergency adaptation or retrofitting. Thirdly, it is likely that climate change may be more rapid and pronounced than the current estimates. Indeed, the world has recently experienced debi ...
Observed Climate Change and the Negligible Global Effect of
... year-to-year and decade-to-decade plays a greater role in Georgia’s climate than any long-term trends. Such short-term variability will continue dominating Georgia’s climate into the future. At the century timescale, Georgia’s climate shows no statically significant trend in statewide average annual ...
... year-to-year and decade-to-decade plays a greater role in Georgia’s climate than any long-term trends. Such short-term variability will continue dominating Georgia’s climate into the future. At the century timescale, Georgia’s climate shows no statically significant trend in statewide average annual ...
Working Paper 183 - Averchenkova et al (opens in new window)
... beverage sector, that have been more visible in terms of their response to climate risks. There is also very little assessment of how private sector action can potentially increase risks and lead to maladaptation, i.e. actions that lead to inadvertent increases in vulnerability to climate change imp ...
... beverage sector, that have been more visible in terms of their response to climate risks. There is also very little assessment of how private sector action can potentially increase risks and lead to maladaptation, i.e. actions that lead to inadvertent increases in vulnerability to climate change imp ...
National Capacity Self-Assessment
... institutions are unaware of climate change concerns and the fact that there is a role for them in the implementation of the Convention; some of the human resources that is require is present in the institutions, some skills are lacking. The problem is that these resources are not tailored to fit the ...
... institutions are unaware of climate change concerns and the fact that there is a role for them in the implementation of the Convention; some of the human resources that is require is present in the institutions, some skills are lacking. The problem is that these resources are not tailored to fit the ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Yongyang Cai Kenneth L. Judd
... of parametric uncertainty should rely on certainty equivalent formulations, which in many contexts are not reliable analyses of how risk-averse agents respond to uncertainties in a dynamic world. More reliable analyses have recently been studied by a much smaller part of the literature (e.g. Kelly a ...
... of parametric uncertainty should rely on certainty equivalent formulations, which in many contexts are not reliable analyses of how risk-averse agents respond to uncertainties in a dynamic world. More reliable analyses have recently been studied by a much smaller part of the literature (e.g. Kelly a ...
a guide for tribal leaders on us climate change programs
... engagement and contacts for each agency. In addition to its immediate value to tribes and their partners, this information will provide important groundwork for research on understanding and improving the tribal consultation processes in the context of climate change. ...
... engagement and contacts for each agency. In addition to its immediate value to tribes and their partners, this information will provide important groundwork for research on understanding and improving the tribal consultation processes in the context of climate change. ...
PDF
... yields of major dryland crops in Andhra Pradesh, sugarcane yields in Maharashtra by as much as 30 per cent and rice production in Orissa by 12 per cent. The brunt of such environmental changes in India is expected to be very high due to greater dependence on agriculture, limited natural resources, a ...
... yields of major dryland crops in Andhra Pradesh, sugarcane yields in Maharashtra by as much as 30 per cent and rice production in Orissa by 12 per cent. The brunt of such environmental changes in India is expected to be very high due to greater dependence on agriculture, limited natural resources, a ...
Yukon Climate Change Indicators and Key
... APPENDIX A: INDICATORS IN DETAIL .................................................... 70 ...
... APPENDIX A: INDICATORS IN DETAIL .................................................... 70 ...
Tree growth and climate in the Pacific Northwest, North America: a
... Aim Climate change in the 21st century will affect tree growth in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, although complex climate–growth relationships make it difficult to identify how radial growth will respond across different species distributions. We used a novel method to examine potent ...
... Aim Climate change in the 21st century will affect tree growth in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, although complex climate–growth relationships make it difficult to identify how radial growth will respond across different species distributions. We used a novel method to examine potent ...
Modeling the Effects of Climate Change on the Supply of Phosphate
... cycle, and use the observed relationships between concentration and flow to estimate the phosphorous losses associated with different hydrologic components. The HBV model is a widely used hydrologic model in Sweden and Europe (Bergström, 1995; Lindström et al., 1997) and has been used to estimate pho ...
... cycle, and use the observed relationships between concentration and flow to estimate the phosphorous losses associated with different hydrologic components. The HBV model is a widely used hydrologic model in Sweden and Europe (Bergström, 1995; Lindström et al., 1997) and has been used to estimate pho ...
CSKT Climate Change Strategic Plan
... Climate Change: any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period of time (decades or longer). Climate change may result from natural factors and processes and from human activities that change the at ...
... Climate Change: any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period of time (decades or longer). Climate change may result from natural factors and processes and from human activities that change the at ...
Making Paris Work for Vulnerable Populations
... fatalities. Poor people are disproportionally affected: according to the insurance company Munich Re, about 850,000 people lost their lives between 1980 and 2014 as a result of weather-related extreme events. Of these, 62 per cent lived on less than USD 3 per day. However, in 2014, this income group ...
... fatalities. Poor people are disproportionally affected: according to the insurance company Munich Re, about 850,000 people lost their lives between 1980 and 2014 as a result of weather-related extreme events. Of these, 62 per cent lived on less than USD 3 per day. However, in 2014, this income group ...
Introducing the Transnational Climate Impacts Index
... 1. INTRODUCTION Climate change mitigation is widely seen as a global problem, but until now, climate impacts and adaptation have been treated mostly as regional or even local issues. For instance, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in its latest report, refers to “localized adapta ...
... 1. INTRODUCTION Climate change mitigation is widely seen as a global problem, but until now, climate impacts and adaptation have been treated mostly as regional or even local issues. For instance, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in its latest report, refers to “localized adapta ...
i2146e01
... As the Summary for Policymakers of the Synthesis Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) concluded: “warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, wide ...
... As the Summary for Policymakers of the Synthesis Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) concluded: “warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, wide ...
Standardized Test Prep Chapter 25
... • Sulfur and ash from eruptions can decrease temperatures by reflecting sunlight back into space. • These changes last from a few weeks to several years and depend on the strength and duration of the eruption. Chapter menu ...
... • Sulfur and ash from eruptions can decrease temperatures by reflecting sunlight back into space. • These changes last from a few weeks to several years and depend on the strength and duration of the eruption. Chapter menu ...
Standardized Test Prep Chapter 25
... • Sulfur and ash from eruptions can decrease temperatures by reflecting sunlight back into space. • These changes last from a few weeks to several years and depend on the strength and duration of the eruption. Chapter menu ...
... • Sulfur and ash from eruptions can decrease temperatures by reflecting sunlight back into space. • These changes last from a few weeks to several years and depend on the strength and duration of the eruption. Chapter menu ...
Indigenous and Traditional Peoples and Climate
... Chapter three provides maps that superimpose the location of indigenous and traditional peoples (ethno-linguistic groups) over climate change projections on temperature, precipitation and sea level change from the IPCC (2007). The resulting maps show areas of high concentration of indigenous and tr ...
... Chapter three provides maps that superimpose the location of indigenous and traditional peoples (ethno-linguistic groups) over climate change projections on temperature, precipitation and sea level change from the IPCC (2007). The resulting maps show areas of high concentration of indigenous and tr ...
The Global “Disappearing Act”: How Island States Can Maintain
... Report includes degrees of certainty of this evidence, ranging from very low to very high, which are based on type, quality, amount, and consistency of evidence. 33 The findings released by the Report— which suggest that climate change is a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions, due in large ...
... Report includes degrees of certainty of this evidence, ranging from very low to very high, which are based on type, quality, amount, and consistency of evidence. 33 The findings released by the Report— which suggest that climate change is a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions, due in large ...
Increased soil emissions of potent greenhouse gases under
... reduce the increase in atmospheric CO2 and thereby slow climate change7. However, the radiative forcing of land ecosystems is not determined by their uptake and release of CO2 alone; increased CO2 can also alter soil emissions of N2O and CH4 (ref. 2). Although both of these gases occur in far lower ...
... reduce the increase in atmospheric CO2 and thereby slow climate change7. However, the radiative forcing of land ecosystems is not determined by their uptake and release of CO2 alone; increased CO2 can also alter soil emissions of N2O and CH4 (ref. 2). Although both of these gases occur in far lower ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.