Planning Climate Resilient Cities: Early Lessons from Early Adapters
... Ideas in the context of adaptation planning refer to the ways in which knowledge alters local behavior (Dobbin, Simmons, & Garttre 2007). While incentives rely on the promise of benefits, ideas promote change by transmitting information and norms, both within and across countries (Strang & Meyer, 19 ...
... Ideas in the context of adaptation planning refer to the ways in which knowledge alters local behavior (Dobbin, Simmons, & Garttre 2007). While incentives rely on the promise of benefits, ideas promote change by transmitting information and norms, both within and across countries (Strang & Meyer, 19 ...
10 Cenozoic Climatic Record for Monsoonal Rainfall over the Indian
... coupling between CO2 and global temperature for at least the last ~65 m.y. (million years) (Petit et al., 1999; Siegenthaler et al., 2005, Zachos et al., 2001). The intensification of convective hydrological cycle inducing heavy rainfall during high pCO2 condition is both simulated and estimated fro ...
... coupling between CO2 and global temperature for at least the last ~65 m.y. (million years) (Petit et al., 1999; Siegenthaler et al., 2005, Zachos et al., 2001). The intensification of convective hydrological cycle inducing heavy rainfall during high pCO2 condition is both simulated and estimated fro ...
Upper bounds on twenty-first-century Antarctic ice loss assessed
... a few possible scenarios over small sectors of the ice sheet. More robust upper bounds that may be compared to those generated by SEMs require accounting for the likelihoods of many possible changes in ice-sheet dynamics8,10 . Furthermore, although SEM and EIS upper-bound projections are in rough ag ...
... a few possible scenarios over small sectors of the ice sheet. More robust upper bounds that may be compared to those generated by SEMs require accounting for the likelihoods of many possible changes in ice-sheet dynamics8,10 . Furthermore, although SEM and EIS upper-bound projections are in rough ag ...
Central Bedfordshire Climate Change Adaptation Evidence Base
... would mean around a 50% chance of a rise in global average temperature of more than 4≤C by 2100iii. An increase in global temperatures of this magnitude would increase the likelihood of some extreme weather eventsiv: Extremely hot days and heat waves will increases in frequency, magnitude and leng ...
... would mean around a 50% chance of a rise in global average temperature of more than 4≤C by 2100iii. An increase in global temperatures of this magnitude would increase the likelihood of some extreme weather eventsiv: Extremely hot days and heat waves will increases in frequency, magnitude and leng ...
physical risks from climate change
... sea-level rise, thawing permafrost, temperature extremes, changes in the availability or quality of water or other natural resources, floods, and decreased agricultural production capacity.5 The SEC Guidance serves as a reminder that climate risk disclosure is a matter of compliance with existing le ...
... sea-level rise, thawing permafrost, temperature extremes, changes in the availability or quality of water or other natural resources, floods, and decreased agricultural production capacity.5 The SEC Guidance serves as a reminder that climate risk disclosure is a matter of compliance with existing le ...
Physical Risks from Climate Change: A guide
... sea-level rise, thawing permafrost, temperature extremes, changes in the availability or quality of water or other natural resources, floods, and decreased agricultural production capacity.5 The SEC Guidance serves as a reminder that climate risk disclosure is a matter of compliance with existing le ...
... sea-level rise, thawing permafrost, temperature extremes, changes in the availability or quality of water or other natural resources, floods, and decreased agricultural production capacity.5 The SEC Guidance serves as a reminder that climate risk disclosure is a matter of compliance with existing le ...
Combating Climate Change Through Boreal Forest
... respond (Malcolm et al. 2002, 2005). Distributions of tree species in Ontario are projected to shift northward over the next 100 years at rates that are much higher than those that tree species are likely to attain. In fact, the required rates were reminiscent of those observed for the “weediest” of ...
... respond (Malcolm et al. 2002, 2005). Distributions of tree species in Ontario are projected to shift northward over the next 100 years at rates that are much higher than those that tree species are likely to attain. In fact, the required rates were reminiscent of those observed for the “weediest” of ...
The implications for climate sensitivity of AR5 forcing and heat...
... captures much of the available information, since internal variability is high on sub-decadal timescales and only during the last decade or two has total forcing become reasonably large relative to its uncertainty. Base and final periods varying between one and four decades long have been used in en ...
... captures much of the available information, since internal variability is high on sub-decadal timescales and only during the last decade or two has total forcing become reasonably large relative to its uncertainty. Base and final periods varying between one and four decades long have been used in en ...
The Cost of Adaptation to Climate Change in Africa
... priority. Africa accounts for less than 7% of total emissions and its emissions per capita are less than half the global average. Given this, it is not surprising that last year’s report by UN Secretary General’s High Level Advisory Group on Climate Change Finance concluded that adaptation spending ...
... priority. Africa accounts for less than 7% of total emissions and its emissions per capita are less than half the global average. Given this, it is not surprising that last year’s report by UN Secretary General’s High Level Advisory Group on Climate Change Finance concluded that adaptation spending ...
Health Effects of Climate Change in the UK, Department of Health
... against comparing the estimated reduction in cold related deaths with the increase in summer deaths, since the mechanism and time-frame by which temperature affects health differ between cold and warm weather. 6. Cases of food poisoning in the UK that are linked to warm weather have been increasing ...
... against comparing the estimated reduction in cold related deaths with the increase in summer deaths, since the mechanism and time-frame by which temperature affects health differ between cold and warm weather. 6. Cases of food poisoning in the UK that are linked to warm weather have been increasing ...
Climate Change and Vector-borne Diseases: An Economic Impact
... economic costs of malaria in Africa in terms of foregone production have been estimated to be about US $12 billion [3]. However, that estimate is likely low as it neglects costs of treatment, loss of life, and lifelong disabilities that often result from childhood infections. Goodman et al. [4] esti ...
... economic costs of malaria in Africa in terms of foregone production have been estimated to be about US $12 billion [3]. However, that estimate is likely low as it neglects costs of treatment, loss of life, and lifelong disabilities that often result from childhood infections. Goodman et al. [4] esti ...
CSPR Briefing C SP R B
... Afforestation, according to decision under the UNFCCC, is conversion of land that has not been forested for over 50 years into forest land, whereas reforestation is conversion of land that has been forested but converted to non-forested land before 1990 (UNFCCC, 2010a). Both afforestation and refore ...
... Afforestation, according to decision under the UNFCCC, is conversion of land that has not been forested for over 50 years into forest land, whereas reforestation is conversion of land that has been forested but converted to non-forested land before 1990 (UNFCCC, 2010a). Both afforestation and refore ...
Vulnerability to Climate Change and Reasons for
... Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The TAR’s task is to define what is known about the effects of climate change: how sensitive systems are, what adaptive capacity they have, and what their vulnerability is. It is not the goal of this assessment to determine whether these effects are t ...
... Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The TAR’s task is to define what is known about the effects of climate change: how sensitive systems are, what adaptive capacity they have, and what their vulnerability is. It is not the goal of this assessment to determine whether these effects are t ...
Climate variability and change: adaptation to drought in Bangladesh
... under pressure from increasing demands for food. A large percentage of the population is already vulnerable to a range of natural hazards with increasing climate variability and climate change expected to aggravate the situation further by causing more frequent and intense droughts and increasing te ...
... under pressure from increasing demands for food. A large percentage of the population is already vulnerable to a range of natural hazards with increasing climate variability and climate change expected to aggravate the situation further by causing more frequent and intense droughts and increasing te ...
Anthony Patt ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
... Patt, Anthony, Detlef van Vuuren, Frans Berkhout, Asbjørn Aaheim, Andries Hof, Morna Isaac, and Reinhard Mechler (2010). Adaptation in integrated assessment modeling: where do we stand? Climatic Change 99: 383 – 402. Patt, Anthony, Mark Tadross, Patrick Nussbaumer, Kwabena Asante, Marc Metzger, José ...
... Patt, Anthony, Detlef van Vuuren, Frans Berkhout, Asbjørn Aaheim, Andries Hof, Morna Isaac, and Reinhard Mechler (2010). Adaptation in integrated assessment modeling: where do we stand? Climatic Change 99: 383 – 402. Patt, Anthony, Mark Tadross, Patrick Nussbaumer, Kwabena Asante, Marc Metzger, José ...
Climate Finance Study Group
... to bring low-carbon solutions to market, including through the use of “shadow carbon prices” in the assessment of bids, or existing performance standards. In addition, it can create lead markets where government demand is significant. The engagement of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) can be part ...
... to bring low-carbon solutions to market, including through the use of “shadow carbon prices” in the assessment of bids, or existing performance standards. In addition, it can create lead markets where government demand is significant. The engagement of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) can be part ...
the critical decade:climate change and health
... fire-prone areas. Some adaptation occurs spontaneously, as when populations adjust physiologically over time (for example, decades) to living at higher temperatures. ...
... fire-prone areas. Some adaptation occurs spontaneously, as when populations adjust physiologically over time (for example, decades) to living at higher temperatures. ...
Climate Change and Renewable Energy - Minnesota DNR - MN-dnr
... challenge, they have become immediate. Just look at northern Minnesota, where average annual temperature have increased by more than 2° F over the past century. Our mandate comes from legislation and the Governor himself. Minnesota’s Next Generation Energy Act of 2007 requires the state to reduce fo ...
... challenge, they have become immediate. Just look at northern Minnesota, where average annual temperature have increased by more than 2° F over the past century. Our mandate comes from legislation and the Governor himself. Minnesota’s Next Generation Energy Act of 2007 requires the state to reduce fo ...
Read this Publication
... experienced a five-fold increase in this probability. Conversely, the probability of 5 consecutive days below 08C was reduced by a factor of three in some cases. The fact that these studies were conducted for highly productive agricultural regions underscores possible risks to food security if clima ...
... experienced a five-fold increase in this probability. Conversely, the probability of 5 consecutive days below 08C was reduced by a factor of three in some cases. The fact that these studies were conducted for highly productive agricultural regions underscores possible risks to food security if clima ...
Surviving and Thriving in the Face of Rising Seas
... This report describes socioeconomic factors that contribute to a disproportionate burden of coastal climate impacts on African American, Latino, Native American, and other minority communities; shows that current disaster aid and preparedness policies fall short in meeting the needs of frontline com ...
... This report describes socioeconomic factors that contribute to a disproportionate burden of coastal climate impacts on African American, Latino, Native American, and other minority communities; shows that current disaster aid and preparedness policies fall short in meeting the needs of frontline com ...
The Status of Climate Change Data: A Case Study for
... of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change. In Trinidad and Tobago, the most vulnerable sectors were found to be agriculture, human health, human settlements, coastal zones, water resources and the energy sector. Owing to the various gaps noted in the climate data review for Trinidad and Tobag ...
... of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change. In Trinidad and Tobago, the most vulnerable sectors were found to be agriculture, human health, human settlements, coastal zones, water resources and the energy sector. Owing to the various gaps noted in the climate data review for Trinidad and Tobag ...
The Paris Agreement and Beyond: International Climate Change
... While the Agreement sets forth an innovative and potentially effective policy architecture, a great deal remains to be done to elaborate the accord—to formulate the many rules and guidelines required and to specify more precise means of implementation. Governments, other stakeholders, and researcher ...
... While the Agreement sets forth an innovative and potentially effective policy architecture, a great deal remains to be done to elaborate the accord—to formulate the many rules and guidelines required and to specify more precise means of implementation. Governments, other stakeholders, and researcher ...
Climate-Smart Agriculture Sourcebook MODULE 14: Financing Climate-smart agriculture
... This module addresses the issue of financing climate-smart agriculture (CSA). The first part of the module looks at how climate change affects investment needs for agricultural development to support food security, poverty reduction and economic growth. The focus of the module is on the near term – ...
... This module addresses the issue of financing climate-smart agriculture (CSA). The first part of the module looks at how climate change affects investment needs for agricultural development to support food security, poverty reduction and economic growth. The focus of the module is on the near term – ...
Separating Forced from Chaotic Climate Variability over the Past
... (LIA). Multimodel simulations of the past millennium are used together with a wide range of reconstructions of Northern Hemispheric mean annual temperature to separate climate variability from 850 to 1950 CE into components attributable to external forcing and internal climate variability. External ...
... (LIA). Multimodel simulations of the past millennium are used together with a wide range of reconstructions of Northern Hemispheric mean annual temperature to separate climate variability from 850 to 1950 CE into components attributable to external forcing and internal climate variability. External ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.