Future Changes in Drought Characteristics over Southern South
... Precipitation is the primary factor controlling the formation and persistence of drought conditions, but evapotranspiration is also an important variable [20]. Given the difficulties in obtaining reliable observed and modeled evapotranspiration measures over SSA, a drought estimator based solely on ...
... Precipitation is the primary factor controlling the formation and persistence of drought conditions, but evapotranspiration is also an important variable [20]. Given the difficulties in obtaining reliable observed and modeled evapotranspiration measures over SSA, a drought estimator based solely on ...
does adaptation to climate change provide food security?
... change in agriculture has been focusing on the impact of climate change rather than on the role of adaptation. The links between climate change and food productivity have largely been explored focusing on the relation between climate variables and agriculture. There is, indeed, a large and growing b ...
... change in agriculture has been focusing on the impact of climate change rather than on the role of adaptation. The links between climate change and food productivity have largely been explored focusing on the relation between climate variables and agriculture. There is, indeed, a large and growing b ...
To live within Earth`s limits - Australian Academy of Science
... contributing, but also with those who need the information to manage the Earth system effectively, such as the many professions and the community at large. Among a variety of methods for routine engagement of a wide range of stakeholders, the formation of a society for Earth system science, instit ...
... contributing, but also with those who need the information to manage the Earth system effectively, such as the many professions and the community at large. Among a variety of methods for routine engagement of a wide range of stakeholders, the formation of a society for Earth system science, instit ...
CONFALONIERI 2007 Human Health
... the margins of the current distribution of diseases might be particularly affected. • Climate change represents an additional pressure on the world’s food supply system and is expected to increase yields at higher latitudes and decrease yields at lower latitudes. This would increase the number of un ...
... the margins of the current distribution of diseases might be particularly affected. • Climate change represents an additional pressure on the world’s food supply system and is expected to increase yields at higher latitudes and decrease yields at lower latitudes. This would increase the number of un ...
Mexico`s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy
... The twin goals of limiting temperature rise to well below 2ºC in this century and increasing global efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5ºC, pose an unprecedented opportunity to transform our economies. To reach the Paris goal, we must plan ahead. Instead of reinventing our past, we can c ...
... The twin goals of limiting temperature rise to well below 2ºC in this century and increasing global efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5ºC, pose an unprecedented opportunity to transform our economies. To reach the Paris goal, we must plan ahead. Instead of reinventing our past, we can c ...
Global warning full report - Compassion in World Farming
... average only a tenth of that in high-income countries.2 As the world population grows and affluence increases, global meat production is expected to double by 2050. This continuing increase comes at a time of climate change, when it is recognised that we are experiencing a crisis in the impact of hu ...
... average only a tenth of that in high-income countries.2 As the world population grows and affluence increases, global meat production is expected to double by 2050. This continuing increase comes at a time of climate change, when it is recognised that we are experiencing a crisis in the impact of hu ...
S1501144_en.pdf
... ECLAC as part of the “The Economics of Climate Change in Central America” initiative. The opinions expressed in this document are strictly those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of ECLAC or of the partner institutions of the project. The borders and names that appear in the ma ...
... ECLAC as part of the “The Economics of Climate Change in Central America” initiative. The opinions expressed in this document are strictly those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of ECLAC or of the partner institutions of the project. The borders and names that appear in the ma ...
International trends in public perceptions of climate change over the
... Nick Pidgeon1,2,3 and Paul Upham2,4 Public perceptions of climate change are known to differ between nations and to have fluctuated over time. Numerous plausible characterizations of these variations, and explanations for them, are to be found in the literature. However, a clear picture has not yet e ...
... Nick Pidgeon1,2,3 and Paul Upham2,4 Public perceptions of climate change are known to differ between nations and to have fluctuated over time. Numerous plausible characterizations of these variations, and explanations for them, are to be found in the literature. However, a clear picture has not yet e ...
rosenberg_stormwater_cc_jan10 - UW Hydro
... findings but noted that frequencies for some return periods were nearly as high at the beginning of the 20th century as they were at the end, suggesting that natural variability could not be discounted as an important contributor to the observed trends. ...
... findings but noted that frequencies for some return periods were nearly as high at the beginning of the 20th century as they were at the end, suggesting that natural variability could not be discounted as an important contributor to the observed trends. ...
climate change document
... action. The solution to climate change will involve a broad array of technologies and policies—many tried and true, and many new and innovative. This overview summarizes the eight-part series Climate Change 101: Understanding and Responding to Global Climate Change. Science and Impacts discusses the ...
... action. The solution to climate change will involve a broad array of technologies and policies—many tried and true, and many new and innovative. This overview summarizes the eight-part series Climate Change 101: Understanding and Responding to Global Climate Change. Science and Impacts discusses the ...
The climate of the UK and recent trends
... that anthropogenic greenhouse gas increases caused most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century.” ...
... that anthropogenic greenhouse gas increases caused most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century.” ...
Gordon, et al (2005)
... forming a positive feedback loop that hastens the conversion of rainforest to savanna or grassland (35). Conversion of the Amazon rainforest would obviously have large impacts on regional vapor f lows with possible global consequences for climate, but projections of future land-cover change in the A ...
... forming a positive feedback loop that hastens the conversion of rainforest to savanna or grassland (35). Conversion of the Amazon rainforest would obviously have large impacts on regional vapor f lows with possible global consequences for climate, but projections of future land-cover change in the A ...
Guidelines on Analysis of extremes in a changing climate in support
... of the climate and its departure from the historical climate averages with reference to the observed extreme values of weather and climate variables. According to the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007), most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-twent ...
... of the climate and its departure from the historical climate averages with reference to the observed extreme values of weather and climate variables. According to the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007), most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-twent ...
Prospering in a Changing Climate
... definition is contained in the glossary at the end of this document. ...
... definition is contained in the glossary at the end of this document. ...
Coral Bleaching 1 2 - UW Atmospheric Sciences
... 1. Zeebe, R. E. , Zachos, J. C., Caldeira, K., Tyrrell, Toby. (2008, July 4). “Oceans ‐ Carbon emissions and acidifica8on”. Science, 321, 51‐52. Retrieved February 21, 2008. 2. Kleypas, J.A., R.A. Feely, V.J. Fabry, C. Langdon, C.L. Sabine, and L.L. Robbins, 2006. “Impacts of Ocean Acidifica8on on Co ...
... 1. Zeebe, R. E. , Zachos, J. C., Caldeira, K., Tyrrell, Toby. (2008, July 4). “Oceans ‐ Carbon emissions and acidifica8on”. Science, 321, 51‐52. Retrieved February 21, 2008. 2. Kleypas, J.A., R.A. Feely, V.J. Fabry, C. Langdon, C.L. Sabine, and L.L. Robbins, 2006. “Impacts of Ocean Acidifica8on on Co ...
Long-term interactions between vegetation and climate
... is one of the molecules needed for photosynthesis and is usually one of the limiting factors. Its effect on photosynthesis has been studied in laboratory experiments as far back as the 18th century, showing enhanced photosynthesis under elevated CO2 concentrations. Field scale experiments with incre ...
... is one of the molecules needed for photosynthesis and is usually one of the limiting factors. Its effect on photosynthesis has been studied in laboratory experiments as far back as the 18th century, showing enhanced photosynthesis under elevated CO2 concentrations. Field scale experiments with incre ...
An Investigation of Historical Temperature and Precipitation Data at
... changes, but 30- 40 years to detect changes in the precipitation. This finding reflects the greater temporal variability in precipitation values. A significant question that must be addressed in assessing the quality of historical records is the various artificial effects on temperature and precipi ...
... changes, but 30- 40 years to detect changes in the precipitation. This finding reflects the greater temporal variability in precipitation values. A significant question that must be addressed in assessing the quality of historical records is the various artificial effects on temperature and precipi ...
Climate-Related Disasters in Asia and the Pacific
... The ADB Economics Working Paper Series is a forum for stimulating discussion and eliciting feedback on ongoing and recently completed research and policy studies undertaken by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) staff, consultants, or resource persons. The series deals with key economic and development ...
... The ADB Economics Working Paper Series is a forum for stimulating discussion and eliciting feedback on ongoing and recently completed research and policy studies undertaken by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) staff, consultants, or resource persons. The series deals with key economic and development ...
A Geographic Mosaic of Climate Change Impacts on Terrestrial
... from coniferous to broadleaf forest, forest to shrubland, etc.). Since the beginning of the industrial period (1850), global temperatures have risen almost 1°C, and climate models project additional increases of at least 1°C and up to 4°C or more, depending on the future trajectory of greenhouse gas ...
... from coniferous to broadleaf forest, forest to shrubland, etc.). Since the beginning of the industrial period (1850), global temperatures have risen almost 1°C, and climate models project additional increases of at least 1°C and up to 4°C or more, depending on the future trajectory of greenhouse gas ...
The economics of climate change in Latin America and the Caribbean
... Global surface temperature, anomalies in annual temperature relative to the average for 1986-2005.... 18 Impacts of climate change on the Latin American and Caribbean region assuming a 2.5°C temperature increase, second half of the twenty-first century................................................ ...
... Global surface temperature, anomalies in annual temperature relative to the average for 1986-2005.... 18 Impacts of climate change on the Latin American and Caribbean region assuming a 2.5°C temperature increase, second half of the twenty-first century................................................ ...
pdf file)
... Given anticipated climate changes and the inherent uncertainty associated with such changes, a pavement could be subjected to very different climatic conditions over the design life and might be inadequate to withstand future climate forces that impose stresses beyond environmental factors curren ...
... Given anticipated climate changes and the inherent uncertainty associated with such changes, a pavement could be subjected to very different climatic conditions over the design life and might be inadequate to withstand future climate forces that impose stresses beyond environmental factors curren ...
Towards stability metrics for cloud cover variation under climate
... • CAM3, AM2, and SP-CAM under SST+2K show large LTS increases while low cloud cover changes increase more slowly than predicted by LTS • These models under SST+2K all show increases in EIS too. Cloud changes in CAM and SP-CAM increase somewhat more rapidly than predicted by EIS • CRM driven by SP-CA ...
... • CAM3, AM2, and SP-CAM under SST+2K show large LTS increases while low cloud cover changes increase more slowly than predicted by LTS • These models under SST+2K all show increases in EIS too. Cloud changes in CAM and SP-CAM increase somewhat more rapidly than predicted by EIS • CRM driven by SP-CA ...
Aquatic Microbial Ecology 70:17 - ICM-CSIC
... affect bacterial and viral abundance and production, protist community composition, and bacterial loss rates (bacterivory and lysis) in 2 contrasting Arctic marine systems. In July 2009, we collected samples from open Arctic waters in the Barents Sea and Atlantic-influenced waters in Isfjorden, Sval ...
... affect bacterial and viral abundance and production, protist community composition, and bacterial loss rates (bacterivory and lysis) in 2 contrasting Arctic marine systems. In July 2009, we collected samples from open Arctic waters in the Barents Sea and Atlantic-influenced waters in Isfjorden, Sval ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.