follow the energy! earth`s dynamic climate system
... 11. Local climatic data, including records of observed temperature, precipitation, humidity, and wind, are examples of [(dynamically)(empirically)] derived information. 12. The determination of actual climate change, also from the AMS Glossary, (“any systematic change in the long-term statistics of ...
... 11. Local climatic data, including records of observed temperature, precipitation, humidity, and wind, are examples of [(dynamically)(empirically)] derived information. 12. The determination of actual climate change, also from the AMS Glossary, (“any systematic change in the long-term statistics of ...
- Europa EU
... development policies, looking for synergies between adaptive and mitigation capacity, on the one hand, and development, on the other hand (Klein et al 2005). These synergies can be substantial, reducing transaction costs and promoting effectiveness, scalability and sound macroeconomic management (F ...
... development policies, looking for synergies between adaptive and mitigation capacity, on the one hand, and development, on the other hand (Klein et al 2005). These synergies can be substantial, reducing transaction costs and promoting effectiveness, scalability and sound macroeconomic management (F ...
1. The Ozone Layer
... The success of ozone protection has been possible because science and industry have been able to develop and commercialize alternatives to ozone-depleting chemicals. Developed countries ended the use of CFCs faster and with less cost than was originally anticipated. Substitutes have proved particula ...
... The success of ozone protection has been possible because science and industry have been able to develop and commercialize alternatives to ozone-depleting chemicals. Developed countries ended the use of CFCs faster and with less cost than was originally anticipated. Substitutes have proved particula ...
Climate finance for cities: how can climate funds best support low
... densification is a major reason for their formation, and means that on the whole urban areas have lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per capita than the countries of which they are part (Dodman 2009). But this concentration of economic activity means that cities are major sources of greenhouse gas ...
... densification is a major reason for their formation, and means that on the whole urban areas have lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per capita than the countries of which they are part (Dodman 2009). But this concentration of economic activity means that cities are major sources of greenhouse gas ...
Balancing the Global Carbon Budget
... As of June 1, 2006, 189 nations, including the United States, adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which has as its objective “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference wi ...
... As of June 1, 2006, 189 nations, including the United States, adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which has as its objective “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference wi ...
Hunter, Central and Lower North Coast Regional
... As can be seen, many of these risks are already present in the region. Rather than creating a whole new set of risks, changes in extreme events arising from climate change will exacerbate a number of existing risks for which, in many cases, effective control strategies are already ...
... As can be seen, many of these risks are already present in the region. Rather than creating a whole new set of risks, changes in extreme events arising from climate change will exacerbate a number of existing risks for which, in many cases, effective control strategies are already ...
Hunter, Central and Lower North Coast Regional Climate Change
... As can be seen, many of these risks are already present in the region. Rather than creating a whole new set of risks, changes in extreme events arising from climate change will exacerbate a number of existing risks for which, in many cases, effective control strategies are already ...
... As can be seen, many of these risks are already present in the region. Rather than creating a whole new set of risks, changes in extreme events arising from climate change will exacerbate a number of existing risks for which, in many cases, effective control strategies are already ...
Adapting to Climate Change in Tasmania
... between 1.6°C and 2.9°C by 2100, with maximum and minimum temperatures increasing by varying amounts, depending on the region. Rainfall patterns may change significantly from season to season and from region to region, with more rain expected on the coasts and less in central Tasmania. Rainfall i ...
... between 1.6°C and 2.9°C by 2100, with maximum and minimum temperatures increasing by varying amounts, depending on the region. Rainfall patterns may change significantly from season to season and from region to region, with more rain expected on the coasts and less in central Tasmania. Rainfall i ...
Amplification and dampening of soil respiration by changes in
... et al., 2007). The amount of carbon stored in soils worldwide exceeds the amount of carbon in the atmosphere by a factor of two to three (Houghton, 2007), and there is concern that a large portion of this carbon will be released to the atmosphere as the global average temperature increases (Schimel ...
... et al., 2007). The amount of carbon stored in soils worldwide exceeds the amount of carbon in the atmosphere by a factor of two to three (Houghton, 2007), and there is concern that a large portion of this carbon will be released to the atmosphere as the global average temperature increases (Schimel ...
Environmental Scenario Analysis Overview and EEA
... European Land Use Change Scenarios The main driving forces behind land use change are climate change, population growth and technical and economic development, particularly of the transport and agriculture sectors. The environmental impacts of land use change are complex, and may affect air quality, ...
... European Land Use Change Scenarios The main driving forces behind land use change are climate change, population growth and technical and economic development, particularly of the transport and agriculture sectors. The environmental impacts of land use change are complex, and may affect air quality, ...
Absolute Abundance and Relative Scarcity: Announced Policy
... attempt to implement climate change policy in an expedite way. The first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol started on January 1, 2008, when agents had been aware for over ten years that a policy on greenhouse gas emissions was likely to come into force. In this paper we study how emissions are ...
... attempt to implement climate change policy in an expedite way. The first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol started on January 1, 2008, when agents had been aware for over ten years that a policy on greenhouse gas emissions was likely to come into force. In this paper we study how emissions are ...
Atmospheric Recovery Litigation - University of Oregon School of Law
... released in 2014 determined their proportionate responsibility for carbon emissions since the Industrial Revolution based on market share data and other evidence.18 The largest fossil fuel corporations have reaped, collectively, more than $1 trillion in profits since the millennium19 and therefore r ...
... released in 2014 determined their proportionate responsibility for carbon emissions since the Industrial Revolution based on market share data and other evidence.18 The largest fossil fuel corporations have reaped, collectively, more than $1 trillion in profits since the millennium19 and therefore r ...
The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in Guyana
... vectors through water pooling and soil erosion associated with the increased intensity of hydro events. In addition, climate change is likely to affect crop productivity in specific geographical areas through its impact on growing seasons and crop patterns, to the extent that crop varieties cannot a ...
... vectors through water pooling and soil erosion associated with the increased intensity of hydro events. In addition, climate change is likely to affect crop productivity in specific geographical areas through its impact on growing seasons and crop patterns, to the extent that crop varieties cannot a ...
Climate Change and Its Impact on Groundwater
... certain area” and a statistically significant variation of the mean state of the climate or of its variability lasting for decades or longer, is referred to as climate change. Evidence is mounting that we are in a period of climate change brought about by increasing atmospheric concentrations of gre ...
... certain area” and a statistically significant variation of the mean state of the climate or of its variability lasting for decades or longer, is referred to as climate change. Evidence is mounting that we are in a period of climate change brought about by increasing atmospheric concentrations of gre ...
Noosa Climate Action Plan
... avenues of inquiry that provide the evidence that shows our climate is warming. Adapting to these changes is a necessary path for the community to follow, in conjunction with reducing the per capita greenhouse gas (GHG) emission as part of our global responsibility. Even beyond the stabilisation of ...
... avenues of inquiry that provide the evidence that shows our climate is warming. Adapting to these changes is a necessary path for the community to follow, in conjunction with reducing the per capita greenhouse gas (GHG) emission as part of our global responsibility. Even beyond the stabilisation of ...
Migration, displacement, and the environment
... definition, and often do not cross international borders.17 Similarly, while environmental and climate change may be a driver of displacement, in many cases it is only one driver among many that may compel an individual or family to flee their home. The Wilson Centre argues that the label of ‘climat ...
... definition, and often do not cross international borders.17 Similarly, while environmental and climate change may be a driver of displacement, in many cases it is only one driver among many that may compel an individual or family to flee their home. The Wilson Centre argues that the label of ‘climat ...
The Long-Run Effects of Climate Change on Conflict
... comparisons is identification. Climate is likely to be correlated with other variables that can affect conflict, which complicates the causal interpretation of cross-sectional relationships. To address this difficulty, recent studies such as Deschenes and Greenstone (2011) identify the causal effect ...
... comparisons is identification. Climate is likely to be correlated with other variables that can affect conflict, which complicates the causal interpretation of cross-sectional relationships. To address this difficulty, recent studies such as Deschenes and Greenstone (2011) identify the causal effect ...
Vivid Economics
... market will allow the impacts of climate change to spread more easily than would otherwise be the case, although that will also help to smooth the localised effects of climate change (see section 2.3). One of the most important aspects of societal sensitivity is demographic trends, and in particular ...
... market will allow the impacts of climate change to spread more easily than would otherwise be the case, although that will also help to smooth the localised effects of climate change (see section 2.3). One of the most important aspects of societal sensitivity is demographic trends, and in particular ...
Regional: Glacial Melt and Downstream Impacts on Indus
... models to provide trends and future scenario in water supply situation, (iii) the shortage of basin-wide data on glaciers and their dynamics including changes in mass and their impacts on meltwater river runoff, (iv) variability in annual water availability due to uncertainty in precipitation projec ...
... models to provide trends and future scenario in water supply situation, (iii) the shortage of basin-wide data on glaciers and their dynamics including changes in mass and their impacts on meltwater river runoff, (iv) variability in annual water availability due to uncertainty in precipitation projec ...
Framework for City Climate Risk Assessment
... regarding urban climate change with a focus on economic and social sectors in Chapter 7 on Industry, Settlements, and Society. The review identifies four key findings with very high or high confidence. First, climate‐change effects can amplify the risks that cities fa ...
... regarding urban climate change with a focus on economic and social sectors in Chapter 7 on Industry, Settlements, and Society. The review identifies four key findings with very high or high confidence. First, climate‐change effects can amplify the risks that cities fa ...
Hydrological effects of the increased CO2 and climate change in the
... 1 Introduction Global atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ), and nitrous oxide (N2 O) have increased markedly as a result of human activities since 1750 and now far exceed pre-industrial values determined from ice cores spanning many thousands of years (IPCC 2007a). Con ...
... 1 Introduction Global atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ), and nitrous oxide (N2 O) have increased markedly as a result of human activities since 1750 and now far exceed pre-industrial values determined from ice cores spanning many thousands of years (IPCC 2007a). Con ...
climate change adaptation: a collective action
... transform natural ecosystems and disrupt human social and economic systems that rely on them, perhaps to an unprecedented degree and within a ...
... transform natural ecosystems and disrupt human social and economic systems that rely on them, perhaps to an unprecedented degree and within a ...
rapid evolution in the face of climate change
... atural selection is a central theme in biology and an important concept for student understanding of a wide variety of topics. One such topic is the ability for organisms to adapt to the increasing environmental stress predicted under contemporary global climate change. Global climate change will li ...
... atural selection is a central theme in biology and an important concept for student understanding of a wide variety of topics. One such topic is the ability for organisms to adapt to the increasing environmental stress predicted under contemporary global climate change. Global climate change will li ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.