Tilburg University Climate change adaptation
... sustainable manner. Mitigation, according to the objective of the UNFCCC, is supposed to be successful so that ecosystems, food production, and the economy are more or less automatically kept as they were before. Fifteen years later, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) sounded the ...
... sustainable manner. Mitigation, according to the objective of the UNFCCC, is supposed to be successful so that ecosystems, food production, and the economy are more or less automatically kept as they were before. Fifteen years later, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) sounded the ...
Global and regional drought dynamics in the climate warming era
... measurements of brightness temperature (BT) of land surface and VH index (VHI) from the combination of VCI and TCI for estimation of total health (Kogan 1997, Kogan 2002). The NDVI and BT were pre- and post-launch calibrated and low-/highfrequency noise was removed from the data. The VCI, TCI and VH ...
... measurements of brightness temperature (BT) of land surface and VH index (VHI) from the combination of VCI and TCI for estimation of total health (Kogan 1997, Kogan 2002). The NDVI and BT were pre- and post-launch calibrated and low-/highfrequency noise was removed from the data. The VCI, TCI and VH ...
Climate Change and Hazard Zonation in the Circum
... The permafrost regions currently occupy about one-fourth of the earth’s land area (Brown et al., 1997; Brown and Haggerty, 1998; Zhang et al., 1999). At geographical scales involving regions of continental or hemispheric dimensions, the distribution of permafrost is usually represented as a series o ...
... The permafrost regions currently occupy about one-fourth of the earth’s land area (Brown et al., 1997; Brown and Haggerty, 1998; Zhang et al., 1999). At geographical scales involving regions of continental or hemispheric dimensions, the distribution of permafrost is usually represented as a series o ...
U. S. Senate Minority Report:
... “The models and forecasts of the UN IPCC "are incorrect because they only are based on mathematical models and presented results at scenarios that do not include, for example, solar activity.” - Victor Manuel Velasco Herrera, a researcher at the Institute of Geophysics of the National Autonomous Uni ...
... “The models and forecasts of the UN IPCC "are incorrect because they only are based on mathematical models and presented results at scenarios that do not include, for example, solar activity.” - Victor Manuel Velasco Herrera, a researcher at the Institute of Geophysics of the National Autonomous Uni ...
Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change
... policies and programs to meet emission-reductions targets, supported by federal investments in infrastructure, specific emission-reduction opportunities and clean technologies. This flexibility enables governments to move forward and to collaborate on shared priorities while respecting each jurisdic ...
... policies and programs to meet emission-reductions targets, supported by federal investments in infrastructure, specific emission-reduction opportunities and clean technologies. This flexibility enables governments to move forward and to collaborate on shared priorities while respecting each jurisdic ...
on Clean Growth and Climate Change
... policies and programs to meet emission-reductions targets, supported by federal investments in infrastructure, specific emission-reduction opportunities and clean technologies. This flexibility enables governments to move forward and to collaborate on shared priorities while respecting each jurisdic ...
... policies and programs to meet emission-reductions targets, supported by federal investments in infrastructure, specific emission-reduction opportunities and clean technologies. This flexibility enables governments to move forward and to collaborate on shared priorities while respecting each jurisdic ...
Ambiguity and climate policy
... discussions of the scientific and philosophical challenges of climate prediction), these models are not always in agreement with one another. As an example of this, consider Figure 1, which plots the results of several recent studies’ attempts to use different models and observational data to estima ...
... discussions of the scientific and philosophical challenges of climate prediction), these models are not always in agreement with one another. As an example of this, consider Figure 1, which plots the results of several recent studies’ attempts to use different models and observational data to estima ...
Significant decrease in yield under future climate conditions
... ing photosynthesis (Long et al., 2006). Ozone is highly reactive and can lead to reactive oxygen species detrimental to the photosynthetic apparatus (Fuhrer and Booker, 2003). By the end of the 21st century temperature is expected to increase by 3–5 ◦ C according to the worst-case scenario (RCP8.5) ...
... ing photosynthesis (Long et al., 2006). Ozone is highly reactive and can lead to reactive oxygen species detrimental to the photosynthetic apparatus (Fuhrer and Booker, 2003). By the end of the 21st century temperature is expected to increase by 3–5 ◦ C according to the worst-case scenario (RCP8.5) ...
The Political Impact of Global Warming on Developing Countries
... Can traditional theories (realism, liberalism and constructivism) in international relations (IR) deal theoretically with climate change? Within IR, traditional theories typically have concentrated on static analysis, rather than the dynamic transformations and changes throughout the international s ...
... Can traditional theories (realism, liberalism and constructivism) in international relations (IR) deal theoretically with climate change? Within IR, traditional theories typically have concentrated on static analysis, rather than the dynamic transformations and changes throughout the international s ...
on Clean Growth and Climate Change
... policies and programs to meet emission-reductions targets, supported by federal investments in infrastructure, specific emission-reduction opportunities and clean technologies. This flexibility enables governments to move forward and to collaborate on shared priorities while respecting each jurisdic ...
... policies and programs to meet emission-reductions targets, supported by federal investments in infrastructure, specific emission-reduction opportunities and clean technologies. This flexibility enables governments to move forward and to collaborate on shared priorities while respecting each jurisdic ...
Climate and the Tropical Oceans - LDEO Climate Group
... mean meridional overturning in the ocean in response to increasing CO 2 concentrations. This change in ocean circulation cools the tropical climate and consitutes a negative feedback to greenhouse warming at least on the timescale over which the thermocline temperature adjusts. However, the modeling ...
... mean meridional overturning in the ocean in response to increasing CO 2 concentrations. This change in ocean circulation cools the tropical climate and consitutes a negative feedback to greenhouse warming at least on the timescale over which the thermocline temperature adjusts. However, the modeling ...
Developing and Applying Scenarios
... The IPCC recently completed the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) to replace the earlier set of six IS92 scenarios developed for the IPCC in 1992. These new scenarios consider the period 1990–2100 and include a range of socioeconomic assumptions [e.g., a global population by 2100 of 7.0–1 ...
... The IPCC recently completed the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) to replace the earlier set of six IS92 scenarios developed for the IPCC in 1992. These new scenarios consider the period 1990–2100 and include a range of socioeconomic assumptions [e.g., a global population by 2100 of 7.0–1 ...
Environics Climate Change Mitigation Messaging
... However, it has revealed some general guidelines, which are largely consistent with the findings of the qualitative and quantitative research conducted for this study. These findings are discussed in the following paragraphs. While most residents are concerned about climate change, relatively few se ...
... However, it has revealed some general guidelines, which are largely consistent with the findings of the qualitative and quantitative research conducted for this study. These findings are discussed in the following paragraphs. While most residents are concerned about climate change, relatively few se ...
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
... place, including substantial loss of ice in the Arctic. 13 However, the understanding of GHG emissions, particulate matter, and aerosols on global climate trends remains uncertain. In addition to uncertainties about the extent to which human activity rather than solar or volcanic activity is respons ...
... place, including substantial loss of ice in the Arctic. 13 However, the understanding of GHG emissions, particulate matter, and aerosols on global climate trends remains uncertain. In addition to uncertainties about the extent to which human activity rather than solar or volcanic activity is respons ...
climate change adaptation, planning, and the law
... to a level at which we can actively engage with them through our careers-based community development projects. We are also deeply concerned about the environment and so globally we were the first law firm to achieve ISO 14,001 certification in every office, committing us to significantly reducing ou ...
... to a level at which we can actively engage with them through our careers-based community development projects. We are also deeply concerned about the environment and so globally we were the first law firm to achieve ISO 14,001 certification in every office, committing us to significantly reducing ou ...
Pension Fund Trustees and climate change: one Year on Discussion PaPer
... brought together scientists from all over the world and drew attention to new research findings which indicate much higher temperature rises than previously anticipated and greater sea-level rises, as well as other, previously overlooked effects, such as acidification of the oceans. The summit, ‘Cli ...
... brought together scientists from all over the world and drew attention to new research findings which indicate much higher temperature rises than previously anticipated and greater sea-level rises, as well as other, previously overlooked effects, such as acidification of the oceans. The summit, ‘Cli ...
Treeline dynamics with climate change at the central Nepal Himalaya
... (Körner and Paulsen, 2004; Holtmeier, 2009). Worldwide, high-altitude climatic treelines are associated with a seasonal mean ground temperature of 6.7 ◦ C±0.8 SD during the growing period (Körner and Paulsen, 2004). So, natural treeline ecotones are sensitive biomonitors of past and recent climate c ...
... (Körner and Paulsen, 2004; Holtmeier, 2009). Worldwide, high-altitude climatic treelines are associated with a seasonal mean ground temperature of 6.7 ◦ C±0.8 SD during the growing period (Körner and Paulsen, 2004). So, natural treeline ecotones are sensitive biomonitors of past and recent climate c ...
Climate Change
... The Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Gases absorb heat and send some of it back to earth, this causes temperatures to rise. The largest contributor to the Greenhouse Effect is the naturally occurring Greenhouse Gas of water vapour. Other Greenhouse Gases occur in much smaller quantities but play an imp ...
... The Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Gases absorb heat and send some of it back to earth, this causes temperatures to rise. The largest contributor to the Greenhouse Effect is the naturally occurring Greenhouse Gas of water vapour. Other Greenhouse Gases occur in much smaller quantities but play an imp ...
Blue Jeans, Chewing Gum, and Climate Change Litigation
... are as a cause of climate change,2 but what cannot be debated is the increasing number of climate change disputes becoming enmeshed in the legal system.3 In the United States (U.S.), climate change litigation has evolved into a somewhat consistent model where state governments4 generally bringing su ...
... are as a cause of climate change,2 but what cannot be debated is the increasing number of climate change disputes becoming enmeshed in the legal system.3 In the United States (U.S.), climate change litigation has evolved into a somewhat consistent model where state governments4 generally bringing su ...
Coastal Evolution, Behaviour and Climate Change
... Evidence drawn from palaeo-environmental and archaeological research has assisted the understanding of long-term coastal change in Great Britain and elsewhere (McInnes et al, 20001). This research has established a wealth of information about coastal evolution and change since the last glacial maxim ...
... Evidence drawn from palaeo-environmental and archaeological research has assisted the understanding of long-term coastal change in Great Britain and elsewhere (McInnes et al, 20001). This research has established a wealth of information about coastal evolution and change since the last glacial maxim ...
follow the energy! earth`s dynamic climate system
... 11. Local climatic data, including records of observed temperature, precipitation, humidity, and wind, are examples of [(dynamically)(empirically)] derived information. 12. The determination of actual climate change, also from the AMS Glossary, (“any systematic change in the long-term statistics of ...
... 11. Local climatic data, including records of observed temperature, precipitation, humidity, and wind, are examples of [(dynamically)(empirically)] derived information. 12. The determination of actual climate change, also from the AMS Glossary, (“any systematic change in the long-term statistics of ...
1. The Ozone Layer
... The success of ozone protection has been possible because science and industry have been able to develop and commercialize alternatives to ozone-depleting chemicals. Developed countries ended the use of CFCs faster and with less cost than was originally anticipated. Substitutes have proved particula ...
... The success of ozone protection has been possible because science and industry have been able to develop and commercialize alternatives to ozone-depleting chemicals. Developed countries ended the use of CFCs faster and with less cost than was originally anticipated. Substitutes have proved particula ...
Evaluation of CMIP5 continental precipitation simulations relative to
... several observational estimates. They also noted that the ensemble mean model precipitation was generally closer to the observations than that of any individual CMIP3 model. Several studies focused on the common errors and/or frequency and intensity of CMIP3 daily precipitation simulations [e.g., Da ...
... several observational estimates. They also noted that the ensemble mean model precipitation was generally closer to the observations than that of any individual CMIP3 model. Several studies focused on the common errors and/or frequency and intensity of CMIP3 daily precipitation simulations [e.g., Da ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.