Information communication technologies for sustainable development
... inferred from the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates of the greenhouse forcing and climate sensitivity. The estimated warming of 2.4°C is the equilibrium warming above preindustrial temperatures that the world will observe even if GHG concentrations are held fixed ...
... inferred from the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates of the greenhouse forcing and climate sensitivity. The estimated warming of 2.4°C is the equilibrium warming above preindustrial temperatures that the world will observe even if GHG concentrations are held fixed ...
Military Expert Panel Report Sea Level Rise
... As military professionals who have spent our adult lives serving the United States, we are concerned about the impact sea level rise is having, and will have, on the ability of our military infrastructure to sustain our nation’s operating forces and fulfill strategic objectives. It is clear we must ...
... As military professionals who have spent our adult lives serving the United States, we are concerned about the impact sea level rise is having, and will have, on the ability of our military infrastructure to sustain our nation’s operating forces and fulfill strategic objectives. It is clear we must ...
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[full text]
... smaller and more abundant aerosols lead to smaller cloud droplets, which are less likely to convert to rain drops via coalescence on the local and regional scale (Radke et al., 1989; Rosenfeld, 2000). An exception to (1) is BC or other absorbing aerosols, which may have opposing effects on precipita ...
... smaller and more abundant aerosols lead to smaller cloud droplets, which are less likely to convert to rain drops via coalescence on the local and regional scale (Radke et al., 1989; Rosenfeld, 2000). An exception to (1) is BC or other absorbing aerosols, which may have opposing effects on precipita ...
Temperatures in transient climates
... even in the absence of a change in mean (e.g., Wheeler et al. (2000)). In part because of examples like this, the climate and impacts communities have been interested in understanding changes in temperature variability in future climates. Potential future changes in temperature variability are not ...
... even in the absence of a change in mean (e.g., Wheeler et al. (2000)). In part because of examples like this, the climate and impacts communities have been interested in understanding changes in temperature variability in future climates. Potential future changes in temperature variability are not ...
Chapter 8: Cross-cutting issues
... change, but in some areas it may affect policies and programmes important to address climaterelated vulnerabilities. If such policies and programmes are changed, it will be necessary for new UK measures to achieve the same or improved outcomes to avoid an increase in risk. The Adaptation SubCommitte ...
... change, but in some areas it may affect policies and programmes important to address climaterelated vulnerabilities. If such policies and programmes are changed, it will be necessary for new UK measures to achieve the same or improved outcomes to avoid an increase in risk. The Adaptation SubCommitte ...
Massachusetts v. EPA - Washington and Lee University
... International Center for Technology Assessment and a number of other organizations petitioned EPA to regulate [GHG] emissions from new motor vehicles and engines under section 202(a)(1)."8 They argued that the EPA was obliged to regulate these GHGs for several reasons.9 First, section 302(g) of the ...
... International Center for Technology Assessment and a number of other organizations petitioned EPA to regulate [GHG] emissions from new motor vehicles and engines under section 202(a)(1)."8 They argued that the EPA was obliged to regulate these GHGs for several reasons.9 First, section 302(g) of the ...
How will ocean acidification affect marine photosynthetic organisms
... organic carbon they provide more than 99% of the organic matter used in marine food webs (Field et al. 1998). The majority occur as microscopic free-living phytoplankton (coccolithophores, diatoms, foraminiferans, dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria) over the ocean’s surface, and account for about 50% ...
... organic carbon they provide more than 99% of the organic matter used in marine food webs (Field et al. 1998). The majority occur as microscopic free-living phytoplankton (coccolithophores, diatoms, foraminiferans, dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria) over the ocean’s surface, and account for about 50% ...
Seasonal Variations in Diurnal Temperature Range From Satellites
... (Ts ) and compared with weather-station observations based on Ta . Geographical and seasonal differences were identified in both ground- and satellite-derived DTRs. Estimates of DTR from station-observed air temperature represent all-sky conditions while satellite estimates of DTR from surface skin ...
... (Ts ) and compared with weather-station observations based on Ta . Geographical and seasonal differences were identified in both ground- and satellite-derived DTRs. Estimates of DTR from station-observed air temperature represent all-sky conditions while satellite estimates of DTR from surface skin ...
Climate Change Financing - SÜDWIND
... Climate financing is understood to comprise the support to developing countries for both adaptation to climate change and for the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Developed countries have committed themselves to providing USD 100 billion of “new and additional” financing annually by the year ...
... Climate financing is understood to comprise the support to developing countries for both adaptation to climate change and for the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Developed countries have committed themselves to providing USD 100 billion of “new and additional” financing annually by the year ...
Report
... These shifts have led to new land use patterns and increased combustion of fossil fuel for energy, which in turn have resulted in a significant increase in the emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. The accumulation of these gases in the atmosphere has altered the Earth’s ...
... These shifts have led to new land use patterns and increased combustion of fossil fuel for energy, which in turn have resulted in a significant increase in the emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. The accumulation of these gases in the atmosphere has altered the Earth’s ...
consequences
... CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES A study to understand causes and consequence of climate induced displacement and migration in Bangladesh ...
... CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES A study to understand causes and consequence of climate induced displacement and migration in Bangladesh ...
Climate Change Implications for Marine Fisheries in South Africa
... Research Programme (2012–2014) is a multi-sectoral research programme, mandated by the South African National Climate Change Response White Paper (NCCRP, para 8.8). The LTAS aims to develop national and sub-national adaptation scenarios for South Africa under plausible future climate conditions and ...
... Research Programme (2012–2014) is a multi-sectoral research programme, mandated by the South African National Climate Change Response White Paper (NCCRP, para 8.8). The LTAS aims to develop national and sub-national adaptation scenarios for South Africa under plausible future climate conditions and ...
Climate Change Implications for Marine Fisheries
... the face of uncertainty and variability is also important, particularly for the most vulnerable coastal and fisher communities. The promotion of adaptation options such as education, entrepreneurial training, and training in coastal and marine tourism and sustainable aquaculture would help to preven ...
... the face of uncertainty and variability is also important, particularly for the most vulnerable coastal and fisher communities. The promotion of adaptation options such as education, entrepreneurial training, and training in coastal and marine tourism and sustainable aquaculture would help to preven ...
Text (Open Access) - Reading`s CentAUR
... 1994]. More extensive and reliable observations since the 1970s show a heterogeneous pattern, with strongly positive to near-zero or slightly negative trends in tropospheric ozone found for different regions and time periods [Parrish et al., 2012; Oltmans et al., 2013]. [4] While ODSs are the domina ...
... 1994]. More extensive and reliable observations since the 1970s show a heterogeneous pattern, with strongly positive to near-zero or slightly negative trends in tropospheric ozone found for different regions and time periods [Parrish et al., 2012; Oltmans et al., 2013]. [4] While ODSs are the domina ...
Coastal Processes and Climate Change Predictions
... During the past few decades, sediment has been lost from beaches, resulting in decreased width and increased slope. Globally, this situation has been far more common than cases where sediment is accumulating and propagation occurring. The cause of this trend is unclear, though the key forcing factor ...
... During the past few decades, sediment has been lost from beaches, resulting in decreased width and increased slope. Globally, this situation has been far more common than cases where sediment is accumulating and propagation occurring. The cause of this trend is unclear, though the key forcing factor ...
Climate change, extreme weather events, air pollution and respiratory health in Europe
... The correlation between climate and air quality is noteworthy for ozone. Ozone levels are directly driven by weather since ozone-generating photochemical reactions of air pollutants (nitrogen oxides; methane; volatile organic compounds, VOCs) need high temperatures and bright sunshine, conditions ty ...
... The correlation between climate and air quality is noteworthy for ozone. Ozone levels are directly driven by weather since ozone-generating photochemical reactions of air pollutants (nitrogen oxides; methane; volatile organic compounds, VOCs) need high temperatures and bright sunshine, conditions ty ...
SEE Project-OrientGate: A structured network for integration of
... affected by water scarcity and droughts doubled - from 6 to 13 % - during the last 30 years. EU Water Framework Directive (WFD/2000/60/EC) and the Water Scarcity and Droughts EU Policy (EC 2007b) refers to protect and restore the water environment across Europe and to develop adaptation measures and ...
... affected by water scarcity and droughts doubled - from 6 to 13 % - during the last 30 years. EU Water Framework Directive (WFD/2000/60/EC) and the Water Scarcity and Droughts EU Policy (EC 2007b) refers to protect and restore the water environment across Europe and to develop adaptation measures and ...
The effects of deforestation and climate variability on the
... because measurement errors are also low and a measurement at one location explicitly integrates results from the entire area of the watershed. Two other commonly used precipitation datasets, the CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation, (CMAP, Xie and Arkin 1997), and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis (NCEP, Kalnay ...
... because measurement errors are also low and a measurement at one location explicitly integrates results from the entire area of the watershed. Two other commonly used precipitation datasets, the CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation, (CMAP, Xie and Arkin 1997), and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis (NCEP, Kalnay ...
V. Objectives of the Inter-Regional Technical Support Component
... Changes in amount and variability of rainfall. Predictions of rainfall changes in Africa are generally less consistent than those for temperature; however, the IPCC AR4 concludes that widespread reductions are likely. In regions where increases in rainfall are predicted (e.g., equatorial Africa), th ...
... Changes in amount and variability of rainfall. Predictions of rainfall changes in Africa are generally less consistent than those for temperature; however, the IPCC AR4 concludes that widespread reductions are likely. In regions where increases in rainfall are predicted (e.g., equatorial Africa), th ...
Incorporating estuaries as a source or sink of sediment within
... within which to examine the vulnerability of an ecosystem or asset. Within a collaborative project through the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF), we have considered a range of probabilistic responses of Narrabeen Beach in northern Sydney to future sea-level rise (Woodroff ...
... within which to examine the vulnerability of an ecosystem or asset. Within a collaborative project through the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF), we have considered a range of probabilistic responses of Narrabeen Beach in northern Sydney to future sea-level rise (Woodroff ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.