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... climate change using a convenience sample of college students. Individual support for climate change mitigation policies was found to vary negatively with the level of climate change outcome ambiguity 1 (measured by the variance of respondents’ subjectively estimated future temperature increase), i. ...
... climate change using a convenience sample of college students. Individual support for climate change mitigation policies was found to vary negatively with the level of climate change outcome ambiguity 1 (measured by the variance of respondents’ subjectively estimated future temperature increase), i. ...
Potential future fisheries yields in shelf waters: a model study of the
... could reduce the supply of oxidised nitrogen, the nitrogen substrates that supports new primary production, leading to a shift in the phytoplankton community. An increase in the energetic cost of calcification could reduce growth efficiency and hence reduce trophic transfer efficiency of benthic cal ...
... could reduce the supply of oxidised nitrogen, the nitrogen substrates that supports new primary production, leading to a shift in the phytoplankton community. An increase in the energetic cost of calcification could reduce growth efficiency and hence reduce trophic transfer efficiency of benthic cal ...
Climate Change and Agricultural Policy Processes in
... of climate change as an issue of interest in Ghana’s domestic policy space: First, various government documents and a number of respondents for this study stated that, while climate change is a problem caused by developed countries, it is now a global problem that demands a response from each countr ...
... of climate change as an issue of interest in Ghana’s domestic policy space: First, various government documents and a number of respondents for this study stated that, while climate change is a problem caused by developed countries, it is now a global problem that demands a response from each countr ...
Analyzing precipitationsheds to understand the vulnerability of
... precipitation (e.g. rainfall). In this paper we use the conceptual framework of precipitationsheds to illustrate how land cover change in one region could affect evaporation, and thus precipitation, in a geographically separate region. An important distinction is that precipitationshed boundaries ar ...
... precipitation (e.g. rainfall). In this paper we use the conceptual framework of precipitationsheds to illustrate how land cover change in one region could affect evaporation, and thus precipitation, in a geographically separate region. An important distinction is that precipitationshed boundaries ar ...
Detection and Attribution of Observed Impacts
... There is emerging literature on the impact of climate change on poverty, working conditions, violent conflict, migration, and economic growth from various parts of the world, but evidence for detection or attribution to climate change remains limited. {18.4} Regional impacts of climate change have n ...
... There is emerging literature on the impact of climate change on poverty, working conditions, violent conflict, migration, and economic growth from various parts of the world, but evidence for detection or attribution to climate change remains limited. {18.4} Regional impacts of climate change have n ...
Ozone Depletion
... The success of ozone protection has been possible because science and industry have been able to develop and commercialize alternatives to ozone -depleting chemicals. Developed countries ended the use of CFCs faster and with less cost than was originally anticipated. Substitutes have proved particul ...
... The success of ozone protection has been possible because science and industry have been able to develop and commercialize alternatives to ozone -depleting chemicals. Developed countries ended the use of CFCs faster and with less cost than was originally anticipated. Substitutes have proved particul ...
Carbon to Climate Change
... Because organic C in permafrost originates from plant photosynthesis and growth, there is typically higher C density in near-surface permafrost. However, organic C pools can be much larger at depth than previously recognized because of cryogenic (freeze-thaw) mixing and sediment deposition (figure 2 ...
... Because organic C in permafrost originates from plant photosynthesis and growth, there is typically higher C density in near-surface permafrost. However, organic C pools can be much larger at depth than previously recognized because of cryogenic (freeze-thaw) mixing and sediment deposition (figure 2 ...
Climate Change and its Health Implications
... several vocal cynics and the Royal Society in London produced a guide to ‘Climate Change Controversies’ in 2007 that includes question and answer points for climate change cynics (www.royalsoc.ac.uk). The current record for the warmest year in the last thousand years is 1998. The Central England Tem ...
... several vocal cynics and the Royal Society in London produced a guide to ‘Climate Change Controversies’ in 2007 that includes question and answer points for climate change cynics (www.royalsoc.ac.uk). The current record for the warmest year in the last thousand years is 1998. The Central England Tem ...
Climate Change and Cultural Heritage Conservation
... heritage in different ways. Heavier rainfall is likely to affect drainage, while an increasing humidity range may be important for salt damage. Yet in the case of fungal attack on outdoor wood it might well be that temperature could be a more important variable than precipitation. This article calls ...
... heritage in different ways. Heavier rainfall is likely to affect drainage, while an increasing humidity range may be important for salt damage. Yet in the case of fungal attack on outdoor wood it might well be that temperature could be a more important variable than precipitation. This article calls ...
Economics of Climate Change Kenya
... a periodic large-scale event could have direct economic costs of $5 to 10 billion. A key priority therefore is to increase the resilience of Kenya to cope with these extreme events. Climate change is likely to further increase the economic costs of these events. Many of the projections indicate a ch ...
... a periodic large-scale event could have direct economic costs of $5 to 10 billion. A key priority therefore is to increase the resilience of Kenya to cope with these extreme events. Climate change is likely to further increase the economic costs of these events. Many of the projections indicate a ch ...
From Risk to Return: Investing in Climate Change Adaptation
... frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, while rising sea levels pose a significant risk to coastal communities and infrastructure. Australia faces significant environmental and economic impacts across a number of sectors, including water security, agriculture, coastal communities, and inf ...
... frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, while rising sea levels pose a significant risk to coastal communities and infrastructure. Australia faces significant environmental and economic impacts across a number of sectors, including water security, agriculture, coastal communities, and inf ...
Projected changes in temperature and heating degree
... decade) and the average rose by 0.58ºC (0.10ºC per decade). Greater warming was observed from 1950 to 2005, compared with 1910 to 1950. From 1950 to 2005, Melbourne’s maximum temperature increased by 0.81°C (0.14°C per decade), the minimum temperature increased by 1.79°C (0.32°C per decade) and the ...
... decade) and the average rose by 0.58ºC (0.10ºC per decade). Greater warming was observed from 1950 to 2005, compared with 1910 to 1950. From 1950 to 2005, Melbourne’s maximum temperature increased by 0.81°C (0.14°C per decade), the minimum temperature increased by 1.79°C (0.32°C per decade) and the ...
`Dynamic Differentiation`: The Principles of CBDR
... nor does it have incentives to act unless other states also take action – otherwise it would bear a larger relative cost. As in a ‘prisoner’s dilemma’ involving 197 prisoners, therefore, participation of all states is necessary for effective and fair cooperation. Furthermore, climate change results ...
... nor does it have incentives to act unless other states also take action – otherwise it would bear a larger relative cost. As in a ‘prisoner’s dilemma’ involving 197 prisoners, therefore, participation of all states is necessary for effective and fair cooperation. Furthermore, climate change results ...
Climate Change and Resource Depletion:The Challenges for Actuarie
... House. It covers energy security, particularly regarding what it describes as the forthcoming “energy crunch” caused by a restricted oil supply. The review considers that the possible consequences of restrictions in energy supply identified in the report, might be a recession and/or high inflation, ...
... House. It covers energy security, particularly regarding what it describes as the forthcoming “energy crunch” caused by a restricted oil supply. The review considers that the possible consequences of restrictions in energy supply identified in the report, might be a recession and/or high inflation, ...
An Overview of the Causes and Effects of Sea Level Rise
... Although complete melting of land-based glaciers would take thousands of years, partial melting could raise sea level as much as a meter in the next century. Furthermore, glaciers grounded under water could disintegrate more quickly. Two leading glaciologists have estimated that the entire West Anta ...
... Although complete melting of land-based glaciers would take thousands of years, partial melting could raise sea level as much as a meter in the next century. Furthermore, glaciers grounded under water could disintegrate more quickly. Two leading glaciologists have estimated that the entire West Anta ...
Climate Change and Resource Depletion:The Challenges for Actuarie
... House. It covers energy security, particularly regarding what it describes as the forthcoming “energy crunch” caused by a restricted oil supply. The review considers that the possible consequences of restrictions in energy supply identified in the report, might be a recession and/or high inflation, ...
... House. It covers energy security, particularly regarding what it describes as the forthcoming “energy crunch” caused by a restricted oil supply. The review considers that the possible consequences of restrictions in energy supply identified in the report, might be a recession and/or high inflation, ...
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... Although inland water transportation has a small share for overall tonnage movements, it plays a significant role as a major route to export market accounting for about 48 percent of all grain tonnages for export over the same period (Marathon and Denicoff 2011). Mississippi River and its tributarie ...
... Although inland water transportation has a small share for overall tonnage movements, it plays a significant role as a major route to export market accounting for about 48 percent of all grain tonnages for export over the same period (Marathon and Denicoff 2011). Mississippi River and its tributarie ...
Lessons from the field: experiences of FAO climate change projects
... Baseline data. Climatic as well as land and forest baseline data are needed to assess climate change impacts and choose appropriate tools for adaptation and mitigation. The provision of household level data, biological field data collection, geospatial information from remote sensing and maps, and r ...
... Baseline data. Climatic as well as land and forest baseline data are needed to assess climate change impacts and choose appropriate tools for adaptation and mitigation. The provision of household level data, biological field data collection, geospatial information from remote sensing and maps, and r ...
Climate Impacts in Europe The JRC PESETA II Project
... Figure 3. Total CO2 emission per year (GtC) from the JRC PESETA II scenarios ......................... 33 Figure 4. Mean seasonal climate change signal (°C ) for bias corrected temperature under the A1B scenario ........................................................................................ ...
... Figure 3. Total CO2 emission per year (GtC) from the JRC PESETA II scenarios ......................... 33 Figure 4. Mean seasonal climate change signal (°C ) for bias corrected temperature under the A1B scenario ........................................................................................ ...
Climate Change Adaptation and Development
... since the beginning of human presence on Earth (Smithers and Smit, 1997). Charles Darwin’s 1859 The Origin of Species represents one of the roots of the concept of biological adaptation because his work provided evidence of evolution, which formed the basis for evolutionary biology. Adaptive strate ...
... since the beginning of human presence on Earth (Smithers and Smit, 1997). Charles Darwin’s 1859 The Origin of Species represents one of the roots of the concept of biological adaptation because his work provided evidence of evolution, which formed the basis for evolutionary biology. Adaptive strate ...
Climate change and natural disasters.
... and discussed. The climate of northern Russia, including the Arctic region, is changing rapidly, to the extent that ‘dangerous’ climate change might already be occurring. The rate of climate change and the decrease in the Arctic sea ice could now be faster than the rate at which ecosystems can adapt ...
... and discussed. The climate of northern Russia, including the Arctic region, is changing rapidly, to the extent that ‘dangerous’ climate change might already be occurring. The rate of climate change and the decrease in the Arctic sea ice could now be faster than the rate at which ecosystems can adapt ...
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... Aviation is a sector that is increasingly contributing to climate change due to the rapid growth of the industry with considerable additional aircraft capacity and lower airfares in the last two decades (Mair 2011). Aviation's share of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is growing the fastest among all ...
... Aviation is a sector that is increasingly contributing to climate change due to the rapid growth of the industry with considerable additional aircraft capacity and lower airfares in the last two decades (Mair 2011). Aviation's share of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is growing the fastest among all ...
Working Paper 192 - Waldinger (opens in new window)
... climate’s effect on income and climate’s effect on conflict. There exists rich evidence on climate’s effect on income, in particular income from agriculture. Changes in income are routinely seen as a main driver of internal and international migration patterns (e.g. Borjas, 2014). The relationship b ...
... climate’s effect on income and climate’s effect on conflict. There exists rich evidence on climate’s effect on income, in particular income from agriculture. Changes in income are routinely seen as a main driver of internal and international migration patterns (e.g. Borjas, 2014). The relationship b ...
Dissertation from the Department of Geological Sciences No. Lipid
... and preservation of organic matter (Moore and Basiliko, 2006). In lakes and oceans the degradation of dead biomass proceds rapidly in the water column and continues in the surface layers of the sediments and just a small amount of the biological production of OM escapes remineralization and accumula ...
... and preservation of organic matter (Moore and Basiliko, 2006). In lakes and oceans the degradation of dead biomass proceds rapidly in the water column and continues in the surface layers of the sediments and just a small amount of the biological production of OM escapes remineralization and accumula ...
Major Issues with IPCC Report
... acted as peer-reviewers for each other’s work. [4] Of the 44 contributing authors, more than half have coauthored papers with the Lead Authors or Coordinating Lead Authors. The review editor of that chapter - who was also a Coordinating Lead Author for the corresponding chapter of the previous asses ...
... acted as peer-reviewers for each other’s work. [4] Of the 44 contributing authors, more than half have coauthored papers with the Lead Authors or Coordinating Lead Authors. The review editor of that chapter - who was also a Coordinating Lead Author for the corresponding chapter of the previous asses ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.