The Longest Conflict - Centre for Policy Development
... Australia’s longest conflict is our struggle to deal with our climate vulnerabilities at home and abroad. As we enter this conflict we currently do so with at least one eye shut. The Australian Government is to release a new Defence White Paper in late 2015 or early 2016. On current expectations, it ...
... Australia’s longest conflict is our struggle to deal with our climate vulnerabilities at home and abroad. As we enter this conflict we currently do so with at least one eye shut. The Australian Government is to release a new Defence White Paper in late 2015 or early 2016. On current expectations, it ...
Simulating the winter North Atlantic Oscillation: the roles of internal
... the NAO. The station-based approach has the advantage of producing a longer observed record; for the Gibraltar and Iceland stations, Jones et al. (1997) produce a winter series from 1823 to the present (Fig. 1a shows a post-1874 series derived from this record). A disadvantage is that circulation va ...
... the NAO. The station-based approach has the advantage of producing a longer observed record; for the Gibraltar and Iceland stations, Jones et al. (1997) produce a winter series from 1823 to the present (Fig. 1a shows a post-1874 series derived from this record). A disadvantage is that circulation va ...
the identification of a solar signal in climate records of the last 500
... There has been confirmation in the last two decades, through instrumental measurements onboard satellites, that the ‘solar constant’ does, as has long been hypothesized, vary. While there is no consensus as to the best method for estimating past variations in solar output, it seems likely that over ...
... There has been confirmation in the last two decades, through instrumental measurements onboard satellites, that the ‘solar constant’ does, as has long been hypothesized, vary. While there is no consensus as to the best method for estimating past variations in solar output, it seems likely that over ...
For submission to Global Change Biology
... Woody thickening is a global phenomenon that influences landscape C density, regional ecohydrology and biogeochemical cycling. The aim of the work described here is to test the hypothesis that increased atmospheric CO2 concentration, with or without photosynthetic acclimation, can increase GPP and t ...
... Woody thickening is a global phenomenon that influences landscape C density, regional ecohydrology and biogeochemical cycling. The aim of the work described here is to test the hypothesis that increased atmospheric CO2 concentration, with or without photosynthetic acclimation, can increase GPP and t ...
Technical Summary
... Climate change: A change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal process ...
... Climate change: A change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal process ...
Charting A New Low-Carbon Route To Development
... in the atmosphere, at a level that prevents catastrophic climate change, will require a 50% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 from 1990 levels. To achieve this global objective, the Report recommends that developed countries cut greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80% by 2050, with 20–3 ...
... in the atmosphere, at a level that prevents catastrophic climate change, will require a 50% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 from 1990 levels. To achieve this global objective, the Report recommends that developed countries cut greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80% by 2050, with 20–3 ...
SECOND-ORDER DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 10 Do Not Cite
... This chapter discusses the implications of climate change on key economic sectors and services; e.g., economic activity. Other chapters discuss impacts from a physical, chemical, biological, or social perspective. Economic impacts cannot be isolated; and therefore, there are a large number of cross- ...
... This chapter discusses the implications of climate change on key economic sectors and services; e.g., economic activity. Other chapters discuss impacts from a physical, chemical, biological, or social perspective. Economic impacts cannot be isolated; and therefore, there are a large number of cross- ...
Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
... Revised: 28 January 2005 – Accepted: 18 February 2005 – Published: 3 March 2005 ...
... Revised: 28 January 2005 – Accepted: 18 February 2005 – Published: 3 March 2005 ...
THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON GLACIER MASS BALANCE
... the entire glacier. In both cases this location of maximum thinning is in the accumulation zone (Pelto and Hartzell, 2004). Typically a glacier’s thinning is greatest at the terminus. At some distance above the terminus, usually in the accumulation zone, the glacier no longer thins appreciably even ...
... the entire glacier. In both cases this location of maximum thinning is in the accumulation zone (Pelto and Hartzell, 2004). Typically a glacier’s thinning is greatest at the terminus. At some distance above the terminus, usually in the accumulation zone, the glacier no longer thins appreciably even ...
PDF
... calculation of the U.S. social cost of carbon. Given the U.S. government’s intent to update their estimates every two to three years based on the latest economic and scientific results, it is important to assess significant changes to DICE, FUND, or PAGE before their use in determining U.S. policy. ...
... calculation of the U.S. social cost of carbon. Given the U.S. government’s intent to update their estimates every two to three years based on the latest economic and scientific results, it is important to assess significant changes to DICE, FUND, or PAGE before their use in determining U.S. policy. ...
PDF
... lives in the hilly villages of Chitwan, Makwanpur, Dhading and Gorkha districts (CBS, 2008). In Nepal, indigenous nationalities represent the marginalized section of the country. Not only do the majority of indigenous people reside in the geographically remote parts of the country, but also their s ...
... lives in the hilly villages of Chitwan, Makwanpur, Dhading and Gorkha districts (CBS, 2008). In Nepal, indigenous nationalities represent the marginalized section of the country. Not only do the majority of indigenous people reside in the geographically remote parts of the country, but also their s ...
Climate Change and Poverty—An Analytical Framework
... Despite substantial progress in reducing poverty rates from some 42% 20 years ago to what is expected to be less than 15% in 2015, close to 1 billion people still live in poverty (Chen and Ravallion, 2010). 2 Many more hover just above the poverty line, vulnerable to shocks that could send them into ...
... Despite substantial progress in reducing poverty rates from some 42% 20 years ago to what is expected to be less than 15% in 2015, close to 1 billion people still live in poverty (Chen and Ravallion, 2010). 2 Many more hover just above the poverty line, vulnerable to shocks that could send them into ...
climate change and water quality in the great lakes region
... Biological productivity is expected to increase with moderate temperature increases. Zoogeographical boundaries move in a changing climate. Introduction of invasive species could be exacerbated. Existing community structures and interactions may change. A changing climate is expected to lead to redu ...
... Biological productivity is expected to increase with moderate temperature increases. Zoogeographical boundaries move in a changing climate. Introduction of invasive species could be exacerbated. Existing community structures and interactions may change. A changing climate is expected to lead to redu ...
CHAPTER 13 CLIMATE VARIABILITY, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND WESTERN WILDFIRE WITH IMPLICATIONS
... but this paper is the first to report our findings in full. Climate change is predicted to have direct and indirect effects on forest ecosystems (Fig. 2). Direct effects include altered physiological processes due to changes in temperature and precipitation regimes as well as CO2 enrichment. These are ...
... but this paper is the first to report our findings in full. Climate change is predicted to have direct and indirect effects on forest ecosystems (Fig. 2). Direct effects include altered physiological processes due to changes in temperature and precipitation regimes as well as CO2 enrichment. These are ...
Global assessment of coral bleaching and required rates
... temperatures (Douglas, 2003; Hughes et al., 2003). Corals may be capable of adapting to thermal stress by shifting to symbioses with more temperature-tolerant species of Symbiodinium (Brown et al., 2002; Baker et al., 2004; Rowan, 2004), although the strength of the evidence is still a matter of deb ...
... temperatures (Douglas, 2003; Hughes et al., 2003). Corals may be capable of adapting to thermal stress by shifting to symbioses with more temperature-tolerant species of Symbiodinium (Brown et al., 2002; Baker et al., 2004; Rowan, 2004), although the strength of the evidence is still a matter of deb ...
text - Tilburg University
... definitional gap, which will be observed in the second chapter. The questioning of the cause-effect relationship between climate change and migration is becoming even more acute when it comes to a discussion of the legal aspects. The core concern includes the difficulties for the decision maker to a ...
... definitional gap, which will be observed in the second chapter. The questioning of the cause-effect relationship between climate change and migration is becoming even more acute when it comes to a discussion of the legal aspects. The core concern includes the difficulties for the decision maker to a ...
Dynamical downscaling from climate
... 2008). CCAM includes a fairly comprehensive set of physical parameterisations. The GFDL parameterisations for long-wave and short-wave radiation (Schwarzkopf and Fels 1991, Lacis and Hansen 1974) are employed, with interactive cloud distributions determined by the liquid- and ice-water scheme of Rot ...
... 2008). CCAM includes a fairly comprehensive set of physical parameterisations. The GFDL parameterisations for long-wave and short-wave radiation (Schwarzkopf and Fels 1991, Lacis and Hansen 1974) are employed, with interactive cloud distributions determined by the liquid- and ice-water scheme of Rot ...
Science Plan - IGOS Cryosphere
... balance of glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets, and especially to resolve the large present uncertainties in the mass budgets of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. In spite of the fact that the current state of balance of ice sheets and ice caps is not well known, the sensitivity of the volume of ...
... balance of glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets, and especially to resolve the large present uncertainties in the mass budgets of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. In spite of the fact that the current state of balance of ice sheets and ice caps is not well known, the sensitivity of the volume of ...
Do Not Cite, Quote, or Distribute IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 7
... The chapter presents a very interesting analysis of likely climate change effecst on various food production systems. The discussion of literature on direct effects of climate change on crop yields and other food production systems is extensive and covers all important crops and regions. In contrast ...
... The chapter presents a very interesting analysis of likely climate change effecst on various food production systems. The discussion of literature on direct effects of climate change on crop yields and other food production systems is extensive and covers all important crops and regions. In contrast ...
Co-ordination, Communication and Adaptation for Climate Change
... programme is financed by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 20072013. It is administered on behalf of the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government by the Environment Protection Agency which has the statutory function of co-ordinating and promoting environme ...
... programme is financed by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 20072013. It is administered on behalf of the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government by the Environment Protection Agency which has the statutory function of co-ordinating and promoting environme ...
Strong influence of 2000-2050 climate change on particulate matter
... negative correlations of the Georgia PM2.5 with regional precipitation (Figure 1c). The relationships of Georgia PM2.5 with east-west wind speed are relatively weak, with negative correlations in the Midwest and Gulf of Mexico (Figure 1d). However, the relationships of PM2.5 in the Georgia grid box ...
... negative correlations of the Georgia PM2.5 with regional precipitation (Figure 1c). The relationships of Georgia PM2.5 with east-west wind speed are relatively weak, with negative correlations in the Midwest and Gulf of Mexico (Figure 1d). However, the relationships of PM2.5 in the Georgia grid box ...
Extreme climatic events in relation to global change and their impact
... Some extreme weather events may induce massive reproductive failure where most adults do not breed or attempt reproduction but fail to produce any offspring. There are several population studies including extreme environmental conditions for which actual failure rates can be estimated (Table 1). Mea ...
... Some extreme weather events may induce massive reproductive failure where most adults do not breed or attempt reproduction but fail to produce any offspring. There are several population studies including extreme environmental conditions for which actual failure rates can be estimated (Table 1). Mea ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.