Contrasting trends in floods for two sub
... Hodgkins (2009) found that June through August flows increased by 8 % to 11 % for glacierized basins (more than 10 % glacier cover) in southeastern Alaska, USA and decreased by 3 % to 9 % for non-glacierized basins. Similarly, Fleming and Clarke (2003), Stahl and Moore (2006), Fleming et al. (2006) ...
... Hodgkins (2009) found that June through August flows increased by 8 % to 11 % for glacierized basins (more than 10 % glacier cover) in southeastern Alaska, USA and decreased by 3 % to 9 % for non-glacierized basins. Similarly, Fleming and Clarke (2003), Stahl and Moore (2006), Fleming et al. (2006) ...
Land Use and Driving - Urban Land Institute
... and metropolitan population of the United States climbs, the pressure is on to make overall emissions move in the other direction—down. The transportation sector is a good place to start in the battle against greenhouse gas emissions. It represents about one-third of overall GHG emissions in the Uni ...
... and metropolitan population of the United States climbs, the pressure is on to make overall emissions move in the other direction—down. The transportation sector is a good place to start in the battle against greenhouse gas emissions. It represents about one-third of overall GHG emissions in the Uni ...
PALSEA2 2016 Workshop: Sea-level budgets at decadal to
... crust. To study their mechanisms and velocities, relative sea level changes (RSL) in several regions can be analyzed and compared. As the RSL changes consist of changes due to the vertical movements of the Earth's crust of the coasts, on which eustatic, or absolute sea level changes (ASL) driven by ...
... crust. To study their mechanisms and velocities, relative sea level changes (RSL) in several regions can be analyzed and compared. As the RSL changes consist of changes due to the vertical movements of the Earth's crust of the coasts, on which eustatic, or absolute sea level changes (ASL) driven by ...
Article - Cgd Ucar
... records. Steig et al. (2009) combined satellite-derived temperature data with station data to produce a gridded reconstruction of Antarctic temperatures spanning 1957–2006. They reported an annual warming of West Antarctica of 0.18°C/decade for 1957–2006, maximized in the austral winter and spring. ...
... records. Steig et al. (2009) combined satellite-derived temperature data with station data to produce a gridded reconstruction of Antarctic temperatures spanning 1957–2006. They reported an annual warming of West Antarctica of 0.18°C/decade for 1957–2006, maximized in the austral winter and spring. ...
Perception of Climate Change Among Egyptians Living in Egypt and
... atmosphere, which increases the global temperatures in what is called the warming effect (Karl and Trenberth 2003, National Academies 2008). The anthropogenic climate change caused by the increase in CO2 concentration is irreversible for at least one thousand years, even if emissions stop (Solomon e ...
... atmosphere, which increases the global temperatures in what is called the warming effect (Karl and Trenberth 2003, National Academies 2008). The anthropogenic climate change caused by the increase in CO2 concentration is irreversible for at least one thousand years, even if emissions stop (Solomon e ...
Come Rain or Shine - Integrating Climate Risk Management into
... changes during the next decades are inevitable (IPCC, 2007a). During the last century, the global climate warmed by about 0.7°C. At the same time, there were distinct changes in rainfall patterns, an increase in both frequency and severity of extreme weather events, and a rise in sea levels. The imp ...
... changes during the next decades are inevitable (IPCC, 2007a). During the last century, the global climate warmed by about 0.7°C. At the same time, there were distinct changes in rainfall patterns, an increase in both frequency and severity of extreme weather events, and a rise in sea levels. The imp ...
solas 2015-2025 - Surface Ocean
... In 2004, the Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) was established to provide international science coordination and capacity building whose objective was: To achieve quantitative understanding of the key biogeochemical-physical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and the atmosphere, ...
... In 2004, the Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) was established to provide international science coordination and capacity building whose objective was: To achieve quantitative understanding of the key biogeochemical-physical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and the atmosphere, ...
Autonomous Adaptation to Climate Change: A Literature Review*
... of climate on their health and well‐being, and take advantage of the opportunities that their climatic environment provides (Burton, 1992, cited in Smit et al., 2000). Adaptation involves adjustments to enhance the viability of social and economic activities and to reduce their vulnerability to ...
... of climate on their health and well‐being, and take advantage of the opportunities that their climatic environment provides (Burton, 1992, cited in Smit et al., 2000). Adaptation involves adjustments to enhance the viability of social and economic activities and to reduce their vulnerability to ...
Climate Change and Regulatory Takings in
... of the Earth’s surface and shallow ocean have increased over the past century, especially since the 1970s.2 Globally, 2009 tied with several other years as the second warmest year on the instrumental record (since 1880).3 The root cause is human activities: in February 2007, the United Nations Inter ...
... of the Earth’s surface and shallow ocean have increased over the past century, especially since the 1970s.2 Globally, 2009 tied with several other years as the second warmest year on the instrumental record (since 1880).3 The root cause is human activities: in February 2007, the United Nations Inter ...
Ocean Acidification Summary for Policymakers
... Species differ in their potential to adapt to new environments. Ocean chemistry may be changing too rapidly for many species or populations to adapt through evolution. Multiple stressors – ocean acidification, warming, decreases in oceanic oxygen concentrations (deoxygenation), increasing UV-B i ...
... Species differ in their potential to adapt to new environments. Ocean chemistry may be changing too rapidly for many species or populations to adapt through evolution. Multiple stressors – ocean acidification, warming, decreases in oceanic oxygen concentrations (deoxygenation), increasing UV-B i ...
SCOR (2013)
... Species differ in their potential to adapt to new environments. Ocean chemistry may be changing too rapidly for many species or populations to adapt through evolution. Multiple stressors – ocean acidification, warming, decreases in oceanic oxygen concentrations (deoxygenation), increasing UV-B i ...
... Species differ in their potential to adapt to new environments. Ocean chemistry may be changing too rapidly for many species or populations to adapt through evolution. Multiple stressors – ocean acidification, warming, decreases in oceanic oxygen concentrations (deoxygenation), increasing UV-B i ...
Climate Change and Food Security FAO Framework
... practices for adaptation and associated mitigation should also be given high priority. Conservation agriculture can make a significant difference to efficiency of water use, soil quality, capacity to withstand extreme events, and carbon sequestration. Promoting agrobiodiversity is particularly impor ...
... practices for adaptation and associated mitigation should also be given high priority. Conservation agriculture can make a significant difference to efficiency of water use, soil quality, capacity to withstand extreme events, and carbon sequestration. Promoting agrobiodiversity is particularly impor ...
Draft Findings of the Ad Hoc Technical expert group
... In fact, the AR4 estimates that 20-30% of species assessed would be at increasing increased risk of extinction if climate change leads to global average temperature rises greater than 1.5 2.5oC5. Aside from well known arctic and high altitude case studies, there are many examples globally of individ ...
... In fact, the AR4 estimates that 20-30% of species assessed would be at increasing increased risk of extinction if climate change leads to global average temperature rises greater than 1.5 2.5oC5. Aside from well known arctic and high altitude case studies, there are many examples globally of individ ...
Results compilation 2B - Charles Sturt University
... interviews were completed with 18 in each zone, with each interview taking on average a little over one hour. Interview transcripts were typically from two to eight pages in length. Data analysis involved a process of content analysis, whereby sections of text are coded according to themes identifie ...
... interviews were completed with 18 in each zone, with each interview taking on average a little over one hour. Interview transcripts were typically from two to eight pages in length. Data analysis involved a process of content analysis, whereby sections of text are coded according to themes identifie ...
accepted manuscript - GFZpublic
... transport and deposition (Manh et al., 2013, 2014). To date, there is no study available which quantifies the cumulative effects of these drivers on future hydraulics and sediment dynamics in the Mekong Delta in a spatially explicit manner. The purpose of this paper is to close this gap. To achieve ...
... transport and deposition (Manh et al., 2013, 2014). To date, there is no study available which quantifies the cumulative effects of these drivers on future hydraulics and sediment dynamics in the Mekong Delta in a spatially explicit manner. The purpose of this paper is to close this gap. To achieve ...
Preparing for coastal change - Ministry for the Environment
... This guide is a summary of Coastal Hazards and Climate Change, a 130-page report prepared for the Ministry for the Environment by Doug Ramsay and Rob Bell of NIWA with help on a number of chapters from Robin Britton. Advice and assistance have also been received from a wide range of people from loca ...
... This guide is a summary of Coastal Hazards and Climate Change, a 130-page report prepared for the Ministry for the Environment by Doug Ramsay and Rob Bell of NIWA with help on a number of chapters from Robin Britton. Advice and assistance have also been received from a wide range of people from loca ...
The Resolution Dependence of Contiguous U.S. Precipitation
... frequency of extreme precipitation. In part, the bias in the distribution of precipitation rates (light vs extreme) reflects a misrepresentation of the atmospheric processes that lead to precipitation in the real world, which are often at scales smaller than those resolved in global climate models ( ...
... frequency of extreme precipitation. In part, the bias in the distribution of precipitation rates (light vs extreme) reflects a misrepresentation of the atmospheric processes that lead to precipitation in the real world, which are often at scales smaller than those resolved in global climate models ( ...
How to engage with National Adaptation Plans Guidance for National Red Cross and
... Climate change mitigation. Actions that reduce the sources of greenhouse gases, or enhance carbon sinks. Examples include using fossil fuels more efficiently for industrial processes or electricity generation, switching from oil to natural gas as a heating fuel, improving the insulation of building ...
... Climate change mitigation. Actions that reduce the sources of greenhouse gases, or enhance carbon sinks. Examples include using fossil fuels more efficiently for industrial processes or electricity generation, switching from oil to natural gas as a heating fuel, improving the insulation of building ...
James Croll in Context: The Encounter between Climate Dynamics
... In 1875 Croll published his major book, Climate and Time, a work delayed several years due to ill health, but a work widely admired for the profound impression it produced on geologists around the world.8 The appearance of this book heralded his election as a Fellow of the Royal Society and his rece ...
... In 1875 Croll published his major book, Climate and Time, a work delayed several years due to ill health, but a work widely admired for the profound impression it produced on geologists around the world.8 The appearance of this book heralded his election as a Fellow of the Royal Society and his rece ...
Journal of Environmental Monitoring
... Observational evidence from all continents and most oceans shows that many natural systems are being affected by regional climate changes, particularly temperature increases.2 Global climate has varied and changed in the past on a range of timescales, and organisms and ecosystems have survived, chang ...
... Observational evidence from all continents and most oceans shows that many natural systems are being affected by regional climate changes, particularly temperature increases.2 Global climate has varied and changed in the past on a range of timescales, and organisms and ecosystems have survived, chang ...
English
... environment of a nature and scale intended to counteract anthropogenic climate change and its impacts. This definition is the same as used in CBD (2012)1, and is used here without prejudice to any definition that may subsequently be agreed under the Convention. “Climate engineering” and “climate int ...
... environment of a nature and scale intended to counteract anthropogenic climate change and its impacts. This definition is the same as used in CBD (2012)1, and is used here without prejudice to any definition that may subsequently be agreed under the Convention. “Climate engineering” and “climate int ...
Estimating natural and anthropogenic responses of the water cycle
... distinct changes in the past. During the last millennium the in uence of external and internal processes rendered both warmer and colder periods, the most pronounced of which are referred to as the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age, respectively. To disentangle the dierent in uences a ...
... distinct changes in the past. During the last millennium the in uence of external and internal processes rendered both warmer and colder periods, the most pronounced of which are referred to as the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age, respectively. To disentangle the dierent in uences a ...
Urban Climate Change Adaptation and - East
... This seven-module, five-day course starts with an introduction to climate change and climate change adaptation; provides tools and techniques for assessing climate change impacts and vulnerabilities; presents a framework for identification, evaluation, selection, and implementation of climate adapta ...
... This seven-module, five-day course starts with an introduction to climate change and climate change adaptation; provides tools and techniques for assessing climate change impacts and vulnerabilities; presents a framework for identification, evaluation, selection, and implementation of climate adapta ...
Urban Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience
... This seven-module, five-day course starts with an introduction to climate change and climate change adaptation; provides tools and techniques for assessing climate change impacts and vulnerabilities; presents a framework for identification, evaluation, selection, and implementation of climate adapta ...
... This seven-module, five-day course starts with an introduction to climate change and climate change adaptation; provides tools and techniques for assessing climate change impacts and vulnerabilities; presents a framework for identification, evaluation, selection, and implementation of climate adapta ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.